Abstract: Improvements in processes of alkylating isoparaffinic hydrocarbons with olefinic hydrocarbons in the presence of sulfuric acid catalyst utilizing effluent refrigeration of the alkylation reaction step; recovering hydrocarbons from spent acid removed from such alkylation systems and returning same to the system joining the heat exchanged hydrocarbon phase from the acid settler in the suction trap; using depropanizer bottoms to heat the spent acid to drive off hydrocarbons therefrom before passing same to the flash drum.

Abstract: An improved halogen-activated platinum/alumina catalyst is produced by activating in the presence of a relatively high concentration of HCl treating agent and thereafter slowly cooling in the presence of a relatively low concentration of HCl treating agent.

Abstract: Lubricating oils are prepared by a sequence of steps comprising hydrorefining, fractionation and blending.

Abstract: A process for hydrotreating (hydroprocessing) hydrocarbons and mixtures of hydrocarbons utilizing a catalytic composite of a porous carrier material, a platinum or palladium component, an iridium component and a germanium component, in which process there is effected a chemical consumption of hydrogen. A specific example of one such catalyst is a composite of a crystalline aluminosilicate, a platinum component, an iridium component and a germanium component, for utilization in a hydrocracking process. Other hydrocarbon hydroprocesses are directed toward the hydrogenation of aromatic nuclei, the ring-opening of cyclic hydrocarbons, desulfurization, denitrification, hydrogenation, etc.

Abstract: An asphaltene-containing oil hydrodesulfurization process employing parallel first stages in series with a unified second stage. The second stage catalyst comprises supported Group VI and Group VIII metals together with a promoting amount of Group IV-B metal. The catalyst in the first stage comprises supported Group VI and Group VIII metals without promotion with Group IV-B metal. In the process, deactivated non-promoted catalyst is replaced at least once from at least one of the parallel first stages while continuing to operate the other of the parallel first stages to supply a reduced oil flow to the second stage during the catalyst replacement step.

Abstract: An asphaltene-containing oil hydrodesulfurization process employing a downstream catalyst and an upstream catalyst in a reactor. The downstream catalyst comprises supported Group VI and Group VIII metals together with a promoting amount of Group IV-B metal. The upstream catalyst comprises Group VI and Group VIII metals without promotion with Group IV-B metal.

Abstract: An asphaltene-containing oil hydrodesulfurization process employing stages in series with an interstage flashing step. The second stage catalyst comprises Group VI and Group VIII metals together with a promoting amount of Group IV-B metal. The coke level on the second stage catalyst is reduced by intermittent increase and decrease of the hydrogen pressure in the second stage.

Abstract: An asphaltene-containing oil hydrodesulfurization process employing stages in series with an interstage flashing step. The second stage catalyst comprises supported Group VI and Group VIII metals together with a promoting amount of Group IV-B metal. The first stage catalyst comprises supported Group VI and Group VIII metals without promotion with Group IV-B metal.

Abstract: An asphaltene-containing oil hydrodesulfurization process employing stages in series with an interstage flashing step. The second stage catalyst comprises supported Group VI and Group VIII metals together with a promoting amount of Group IV-B metal. The first stage catalyst comprises supported Group VI and Group VIII metals without promotion with Group IV-B metal. In the process, deactivated first stage catalyst is replaced at least once without replacing the promoted second stage catalyst so that the promoted second stage catalyst is onstream for at least two first stage catalyst cycles.

Abstract: Shaped catalyst particles are described which are particularly useful in hydrocarbon conversion processes and, in particular, in processes which are influenced by mass transfer such as the trickle bed hydrogenation process and hydrotreating of residuum.

Abstract: Hydrogen peroxide is solubilized in a micellar dispersion, i.e. stable systems containing hydrocarbon, aqueous medium, and surfactant. The hydrogen peroxide-containing micellar dispersion is then admixed with any liquid media in which hydrogen peroxide is to be used as a reactant or catalyst to effect intimate contact and dispersion of the hydrogen peroxide within the liquid media. In this manner sour hydrocarbon streams are sweetened, for instance.

Abstract: A two-stage hydrodesulfurization process for a 65 to 80 percent desulfurization of a high metal content residuum, such as those obtained from Venezuela, in which the contact solids activity in both stages is maintained at an equilibrium level by constant replacement of the contact solids in both stages. The first stage contains a porous alumina solids contact material activated with at least one promoter oxide selected from Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3, TiO.sub.2 and SiO.sub.2, which has as its primary purpose the removal of vanadium and nickel from the feed material. However, the treatment of the feed in the first stage was found to improve the second stage performance by a factor greater than the amount of metals removed. The second stage contains a highly active desulfurization catalyst of limited porosity.

Abstract: Hydrorefining of asphaltenic hydrocarbonaceous mixtures utilizing a first catalytic reaction zone for vapor phase refining and a second catalytic reaction zone for liquid phase refining thereby minimizing maldistribution of the feedstock in the reaction zones.

Abstract: Intermittant hydrocarbon contaminates, which are volatilized by an air regeneration stream from coked catalyst in cyclic dehydrogenation processes, are effectively removed from the gaseous regeneration stream containing them prior to venting it by contacting that portion of the stream containing a predominate amount of the volatilized hydrocarbons with a catalyst such as chromia-alumina in the presence of air to convert a substantial amount of the hydrocarbon contaminates to water and CO.sub.2.

Abstract: A process for effecting the desulfurization of asphaltene-containing black oil. The process utilizes a catalyst which comprises a composite of an alumina carrier material combined with one or more sulfided metallic components from Group VI-B and Group VIII wherein the catalyst particle density is within the range of from about 1.05 to about 1.24 grams per cubic centimeter. The use of the indicated catalyst particle density imparts additional desulfurization activity to the catalyst.

Abstract: Catalysts capable of desulfurizing organo-sulfur compounds particularly those normally found in petroleum compositions, such as thiophene, are prepared from metal-containing compounds of metals of Groups VIB and VIII of the Periodic Table on a refractory support or base. Of particular interest are catalysts containing components of cobalt and molybdenum oxides on alumina which preparation utilizes dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The use of such catalysts provides increase of conversion rate-constants of desulfurization reactions. A process of treating the base and the base material obtained from such process are also disclosed herein.

Abstract: HF-containing vent gases, relief gases, CBM and polymers discharged from the alkylation zone of an HF alkylation process are contacted with water. Hydrogen fluoride is absorbed within the water, reacted with olefins, converted to organic fluorides and returned to the alkylation zone of the process. HF leaving the alkylation process in vent gases, relief gases, CBM and polymers is thereby recovered.

Abstract: Catalysts having a substantially spherical shape, a void center and a hole in the external surface communicating to the void center, have been found to give superior results in known hydrotreating reactions where sulfur, nitrogen and/or oxygen is removed from a hydrocarbon feed stock.

Abstract: Gasoline product of cracking desulfurized with a selective desulfurizing catalyst by processing particularly a high boiling portion thereof to minimize hydrogenation of desired olefins in the gasoline product of cracking.

Abstract: A process in which organic sulfur, nitrogen and oxygen compounds are essentially quantitatively removed from hydrocarbon feedstocks by contacting said feedstocks with liquid hydrogen fluoride in the presence of hydrogen. Preferred feedstocks are those boiling in the range of from about -185.degree.C to about 345.degree.C wherein the sulfur content ranges from about 0.001 to about 10 wt. %, preferably 0.001 to about 3 wt. %.