Abstract: In an HF alkylation process it has been found that combining olefin-acting reactant with a recycle stream including isobutane and HF upstream of an alkylation reaction zone is not harmful to alkylate product quality except when the HF is in a free state, i.e., the HF concentration is above the HF solubility level of the recycle stream. Soluble HF in the recycle stream is not harmful to alkylate product quality, therefore, in an embodiment, the overhead vapor stream of an isobutane stripper is condensed, cooled to a separation temperature, and separated into an HF phase and a hydrocarbon phase, a portion of which is withdrawn as an acid saturated recycle stream including isobutane and entrained acid, and heated to a temperature sufficient to place in solution the entrained acid prior to combination of the acid saturated recycle stream with the olefin-acting reactants.

Abstract: Process for isomerizing saturated hydrocarbons in the presence of a catalyst composition comprised of platinum or palladium on a fluorine-containing mordenite-type aluminosilicate, the fluorine having been introduced to the composition by halogenation with a fluorine-containing hydrocarbon halide.

Abstract: An improved method of hydrocarbon hydrotreating is disclosed wherein the activity of a hydrotreating catalyst is determined prior to the catalyst being used to promote hydrocarbon hydrotreating. The catalytic activity of such a catalyst is determined by comparing a parameter involving the relative reflectance of the catalyst relative to the relative reflectance of a standard catalyst having acceptable activity. When it is determined that a given catalyst has catalytic activity at least essentially equal to that of the standard catalyst, the catalyst may be used to promote hydrocarbon hydrotreating thus providing an improved method of hydrocarbon hydrotreating.

Abstract: A method of reducing the sulfur and nitrogen content of a hydrocarbon, specifically, a liquid or gaseous phase hydrocarbon which comprises contacting the hydrocarbon with nahcolite in an amount effective to remove sulfur and nitrogen compounds from the hydrocarbon. The nahcolite containing combined sulfur and nitrogen can be removed from the hydrocarbon, producing a hydrocarbon having a reduced sulfur and nitrogen content.The method is particularly applicable to the reduction of the sulfur and nitrogen content in shale oil by contacting shale oil and nahcolite in a shale oil retort or process.

Abstract: The normal paraffin feed stream to an integrated paraffin isomerization-HF acid-catalyzed alkylation process is treated for the removal of catalyst deactivating sulfur and nitrogen compounds and water by contacting the feed stream with liquid hydrofluoric acid. The treated feed stream is separated from the acid by gravity settling, charged to an alkylate fractionator, and passed through the isomerization process to form an isomerate which is returned to the alkylate fractionator and becomes a feed stream to the alkylation zone.

Abstract: This disclosure concerns the demetalation and desulfurization of metal and sulfur containing petroleum oils, preferably those containing residua hydrocarbon components, through the use of a catalyst comprising a hydrogenating component composited on a refractory base, preferably an alumina, whose pores are substantially distributed over a narrow 180A to 300A diameter range.