Abstract: A diarylethene compound represented by formula (I) wherein, Sg is a monovalent sugar residue formed by removing one hydroxyl group from a sugar compound or a monovalent protected sugar residue formed by removing one hydroxyl group from a sugar compound in which one or more other hydroxyl groups are protected, and wherein the sugar is selected from the group consisting of a six-membered ring sugar, a five-membered ring sugar, cyclitol, and oligosaccharides containing a six-membered ring sugar, a five-membered ring sugar, or cyclitol; U is —(CH2)n—, —CH2—U?—, or —C(?O)— wherein n is an integer of 1 to 5, U? is a C2-C10 branched alkylene group binding to Ar); and Ar is a group represented by formula (A1) or (A2); wherein, X is S, SO2, NR3 in which R3 is a C1-C3 alkyl group, or O, R is C1-C4 alkyl group, R1 and R2 are independently a C1-C3 alkyl group, a is 0 or 1, b is an integer of 0-3, and * represents a bond with U; Y is a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom; and m is an integer of 3 to 5.

Abstract: The invention relates to sphingoglycolipid analogues which are useful in treating or preventing diseases and conditions such as those relating to infection, atopic disorders, autoimmune diseases or cancer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition including S-adenosyl-L-methionine; and at least one kind of additive selected from carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, soybean polysaccharide, casein sodium, and zein, in which S-adenosyl-L-methionine is extracted from S-adenosyl-L-methionine-containing cells obtained by culturing a microorganism having an ability to produce SAMe, and the content of the additive in the composition falls within the range of 0.05 to 15 times by mass of S-adenosyl-L-methionine in the composition. The present invention provides a composition containing a high concentration of S-adenosyl-L-methionine, which is useful as a water-soluble physiologically active substance, and being excellent in storage stability and bioabsorbability. The present invention also relates to a molded article formed by using the composition and a method of producing the composition.

Abstract: Provided are several types of ginsenoside polymorphic substances and a method for preparing same. In particular, new crystal form A, crystal form B, crystal form C, crystal form E, crystal form F, crystal form I, crystal form K, crystal form L, crystal form M, crystal form N, and crystal form O are involved.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is 10-?/?-D-Arabinofuranosylundecenes of general Formula (II) or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof as anti-mycobacterial agents in vitro; (II) wherein R, R1 and R? are as defined herein in the specification. The present invention also discloses a simple stereoselective synthesis 10-?/?-D-Arabinofuranosylundecenes of Formula (II) to target enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of cell wall of Mycobacterium and thus useful as inhibitors in the Mycobacterium tuberculosis drug development.

Abstract: The invention provides improved methods for generating biodegradable chitosan compositions, and therapeutic methods of using such compositions to deliver therapeutic agents.

Abstract: A composition for influencing carnitine retention in biological tissue is disclosed. The composition comprises a carnitine substance and an agent to increase sodium potassium ATPase pump activity in the tissue, and/or to increase the activity of a carnitine transport protein, and/or increase blood/plasma insulin concentration.

Abstract: Provided are ginsenoside C-K polymorphic forms and a method for preparing same. The ginsenoside C-K polymorphic forms are crystal form D and crystal form H.

Abstract: The invention provides compositions featuring chitosan and methods for using such compositions for the local delivery of biologically active agents to an open fracture, complex wound or other site of infection. Advantageously, the degradation and drug elution profiles of the chitosan compositions can be tailored to the needs of particular patients at the point of care (e.g., in a surgical suite, clinic, physician's office, or other clinical setting).

Abstract: The presently disclosed subject matter concerns a microbial biopolymer comprising fucose in its composition. This biopolymer consists of a polysaccharide comprising fucose, which represents at least 10% of its composition. This fucose-containing polysaccharide also contains non-sugar components, namely, acyl group substituents. This disclosed subject matter also concerns the process for the production of the biopolymer, which is obtained cultivation of the bacterium Enterobacter A47 (DSM 23139), using glycerol or glycerol-rich mixtures as carbon sources. The fucose-containing biopolymer of the presently disclosed subject matter may be used in several industrial applications (e.g. pharmaceutical, cosmetics and agro-food industries) and in the treatment of industrial wastes (e.g. oil and metal recovery).

Abstract: An esterified cellulose ether which comprises (i) aliphatic monovalent acyl groups or (ii) groups of the formula —C(O)—R—COOA, wherein R is a divalent aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon group and A is hydrogen or a cation, or (iii) a combination of aliphatic monovalent acyl groups and groups of the formula —C(O)—R—COOA, and which has a) a viscosity of from 1.2 to 1.8 mPaos, measured as a 2.0 wt % solution of the esterified cellulose ether in 0.43 wt % aqueous NaOH at 20° C., or b) a viscosity of up to 5 mPa·s, measured as a 10 wt % solution of the esterified cellulose ether in acetone at 20° C., or c) a combination of the viscosities of a) and b), is useful for preparing solid dispersions comprising drugs.

Abstract: A process of making low-endotoxin chitosan or alkali-stable polysaccharide is performed by suspending bulk chitosan fibers or flakes or alkali-stable polysaccharide to form a reaction mixture in an aqueous solution of alcohol. Ammonia is the added to the reaction mixture to raise pH of the reaction mixture to above 9.5. The reactive mixture with a pH above 9.5 is heated at a temperature of at least 130° C. for at least 20 minutes. The heated reaction mixture is cooled to less than 60° C. and then sparged with an inert gas to remove ammonia. Separating the chitosan or alkali-stable polysaccharide from the sparged reaction mixture. The chitosan fibers or polysaccharide is rinsed with an endotoxin-free aqueous liquid to form a rinsed fiber mass. The rinsed fiber mass is further rinsed with an alcohol to remove water, and dried at a temperature below 100° C. to form the low-endotoxin chitosan or alkali-stable polysaccharide.

Abstract: This invention relates to sphingoglycolipid analogs, compositions comprising these compounds, processes for preparing the compounds, and methods of treating or preventing diseases or conditions using the compounds, such as diseases or conditions relating to infection, atopic disorders, autoimmune disease, diabetes or cancer.

Abstract: The invention relates to a composition comprising: i) one or more of uridine and cytidine, or salts, phosphates, acyl derivatives or esters thereof; ii) a lipid fraction comprising at least one of docosahexaenoic acid (22:6; DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5; EPA) and docosapentaenoic acid (22:5; DPA), or esters thereof, in which the lipid fraction comprises less than 2 weight % of ?-linolenic acid (ALA), calculated on the weight of all fatty acids; iii) choline, or salts or esters thereof; for use in the prevention or treatment of neurotrauma, traumatic brain injury, cerebral palsy and spinal cord injury.

Abstract: The invention provides novel compounds and compositions and methods for making and using the compounds and compositions. In particular, the use of organic acid salts promotes solubility. These more soluble forms are suitable for use in various diseases, notably diseases of lung, muscle, metabolism and eyesight.

Abstract: The invention relates to biocompatible, bioabsorbable derivatized non-crosslinked chitosan compositions optionally crosslinked to gelatin/collagen by 1-ethyl-3-[3-dimethylaminopropyl]carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) for biomedical use and methods of making and testing such compositions, including a modified acute systemic toxicity test. The compositions comprise derivatized chitosan reacetylated to a degree of N-deacetylation (DDA) of between about 15% and 40%. The compositions are typically bioabsorbed in about 90 days or less and can be made to bioabsorb at differing rates of speed. The compositions are initially soluble in aqueous solution below pH 6.5. The compositions have an acid content that can be adjusted between about 0% (w/w) and about 8% (w/w) to customize the composition for uses that require and/or tolerate differing levels of cytotoxicity, adhesion, composition cohesion, and cell infiltration into the composition.

Abstract: Disclosed is a therapy which is for preventing or treating cartilage damage and diseases associated with cartilage damage, such as arthritides and osteoarthritis, and utilizes a more effective and more safe medicinal agent. Specifically disclosed are a cartilage production promoter, a glucosaminoglycan and/or proteoglycan production promoter, and a prophylactic or therapeutic agent for diseases associated with cartilage damage, each of which comprises fucoidan as an active ingredient.

Abstract: A solid substrate for biological sample storage under dry-state and elution of biomolecules is provided. The dry, solid substrate is coated with saccharides, such as monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides or combinations thereof, and the substrate is comprised of one or more protein denaturing agents impregnated therein under a substantially dry state. A method for elution of biomolecules from biological samples is also provided. The compositions disclosed herein provide for enhanced elution and recovery of biomolecules, such as nucleic acids, from the sample. The sample is disposed on a substrate, dried to a substantially dry state; eluted from the biological sample dried on the substrate by rehydrating the substrate in an elution buffer.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a novel process for the preparation of compounds having inhibitory activity against sodium-dependent glucose transporter (SGLT) being present in the intestine or kidney.

Abstract: ?-mannosylceramides or salts or solvates thereof in a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, for use as a Type I NKT cell agonist in conjunction with a therapeutically effective amount of ?-galactosylceramide or a salt or a solvate thereof, and/or at least one or more T-cell co-stimulatory molecules, disclosed. Compositions comprising ?-mannosylceramide, as well as methods of treatment of tumors are also provided.