Abstract: Surfactants useful as dispersing aids in the preparation of compositions comprising a hydrophilic colloid having hydrophobic particles dispersed therein have the structure ##STR1## wherein M is a cation; X represents a group having the structure ##STR2## wherein each of R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 independently represents hydrogen or alkyl; or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 taken together represent cycloalkyl; or R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 taken together represent cycloalkyl; and, n represents 0 or 1; provided that the total number of carbon atoms in each X group is 3 or 4, and when R.sup.1 is hydrogen R.sup.2 is other than methyl. Such surfactants offer coating and photographic property advantages when incorporated in multilayer photographic materials comprising a support bearing a plurality of hydrophilic colloid layers.

Abstract: The trimethylsulphonium salt of N-phosphonomethylglycine is prepared by reacting N-phosphonomethylglycine, preferably in the form of a solid, with an aqueous solution of trimethylsulphonium carbonate or trimethylsulphonium bicarbonate or a mixture thereof. The trimethylsulphonium carbonate or trimethylsulphonium bicarbonate may be prepared by bubbling carbon dioxide through an aqueous solution of trimethylsulphonium hydroxide. It is possible to manufacture trimethylsulphonium carbonate or bicarbonate at one site and then transport them to a different site for local manufacture of N-phosphonomethylglycine in a relatively unsophisticated plant which produces minimal effluent.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for the production of a compound of formula: ##STR1## in which X and Y, independently, are hydrogen, halogen, NO.sub.2, CF.sub.3, CN, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy, COO--C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, CO--C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, NH--(C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl), N(C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl).sub.2, NH(C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl-OH), N(C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl-OH).sub.2, COOH or SO.sub.3 H or an ester or amide thereof, or COOM or SO.sub.3 M in which M is Na, K, Ca, Mg, ammonium, mono-, di-, tri- or tetra-C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylammonium, mono-, di- or tri-hydroxyalkylammonium or ammonium that is di- or tri-substituted with a mixture of C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl and C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 hydroxyalkyl groups;Z is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy, CF.sub.3, halogen (F, Cl, Br, I), SO.sub.3 H or SO.sub.

Abstract: A process for producing a cleaved product from castor oil, or derivatives thereof, by high temperature caustic oxidation reaction accomplished by combining at least one chemically inert heat transfer fluid, a catalyst, and an alkali in aqueous solution to form a first mixture wherein the diluent is present in an amount sufficient to reduce foaming and solidification of the mixture while increasing the yield and improving the purity and adding a ricinic compound to the first mixture to form a second mixture. The temperature of the second mixture is raised to a level sufficient to conduct pyrolysis, and the cleaved product produced thereby is recovered by adding an acid to the reaction mixture in an amount sufficient to acidify the reaction mixture down below a pH of about 6. The invention further relates to the reaction mixture used to produce the cleaved products.

Abstract: A method for inhibiting the oxidation of oils and fats or fatty acids which comprises adding an antioxidant and an oxyacid having an average particle size of 200 .mu.m or less to said oils and fats or fatty acids. According to this method, the oxyacid is easily dispersed or dissolved in said oils and fats or fatty acids, and the oxidation inhibiting effect is remarkably improved without deteriorating the quality of the oils and fats or fatty acids.

Abstract: .alpha.-(hydroxyimino)phosphonoacetic acids (also referred to as ".alpha.,.alpha.-disubstituted trifunctional oximes" and "Troika Acids") and their derivatives, and methods to prepare them are disclosed. Also disclosed are the structures and fragmentation pathways of the .alpha.-(hydroxyimino)phosphonoacetic acids. The .alpha.-(hydroxyimino)phosphonoacetic acids and derivatives are useful as pH sensitive chelating agents, enzyme activated drugs, drug delivery agents, phosphorylating reagents and photo-activated reagents.

Abstract: A process for preparing N-phosphonomethylglycine, which comprises treating N-phosphonomethyliminodiacetic acid in the presence of water, activated carbon and hydrogen peroxide. This process is a safe and efficient process for preparing N-phosphonomethylglycine.

Abstract: A method for the production of a sulfide group-containing thiol compound which comprises causing alkylene sulfide to react with a thiol compound in the presence of at least one basic catalyst selected from the group consisting of basic ion-exchange resins, quaternary ammonium compounds and alkyl pyridinium compounds, thereby inducing the ring-opening addition of the alkylene sulfide to the thiol compound. Further, a method for the production of a sulfide group-containing mercaptocarboxylic ester which comprises causing an alkylene sulfide to react with a mercaptocarboxylic ester.

Abstract: The invention relates to process for the preparation of an O-alkyl, O-alkyl phosphorochloridothioate by 1) reacting A) a thiophosphoryl halide with B) an alcohol, in the presence of C) a tertiary amine acid acceptor and D) a solvent, and 2) reacting the resultant product with a second alcohol, different from the alcohol used in step 1). In the preferred embodiment, the intermediate product is not isolated before reaction with the second alcohol.

Abstract: Substituted benzophenone compounds are disclosed, having the formula: ##STR1## The compounds are useful as fungicides having high systemicities.

Abstract: A method for producing a glycol ether, which can maintain a high catalyst-activity and high productivity, can control reaction-selectivity and which comprises reacting an alkylene oxide with an alcohol in the presence of a catalyst, wherein the catalyst is an anion exchange resin which comprises, as the substrate, a polymer of a vinyl aromatic compound and which has a structure such that a quaternary ammonium group is bonded to the aromatic group via a linking group having a chain length of at least 3.

Abstract: A solid, particulate catalyst composition is provided containing an active nickel component in which the nickel constitutes from about 25 to about 60 wt % of the catalyst composition; a molybdenum component in which the molybdenum constitutes from about 5 to about 20 wt % of the catalyst composition; and a binder component comprising at least one of oxides of silica, zirconium, aluminum, zinc and calcium, each of the calcium, aluminum and zinc being present in an amount no greater than about 2 wt %, preferably about 0 to 1 wt %. The catalyst is designed for the selective hydrogenation of 3-hydroxypropanal to 1,3-propanediol in aqueous solution.

Abstract: 2,2-Dideutero-5-aminolevulinic acid or its salt, or a hydrate or a solvate thereof, preferably 2,2-dideutero-5-aminolevulinic acid hydrochloride, and a process for preparing 2,2-dideutero-5-aminolevulinic acid are provided. The 2,2-Dideutero-5-aminolevulinic acid provided by the present invention is useful as a contrast medium for MRI diagnosis.

Abstract: A process for isolating substantially pure natural L-.beta.-3-indolylalanine (L-.beta.-3) from a mixture of amino acids, such as a protein hydrolysate, is described. A protein hydrolysate, for example of casein or soy protein, is passed over a polymeric resin attractive to aromatic amino acids but not attractive to aliphatic amino acids. The aromatic amino acids are retained on the resin while the aliphatic amino acids pass over the resin and are collected. The resin is then washed with water to displace any residual aliphatic acids which may be physically associated with but not bound to the resin. Thereafter, the resin is eluted with a dilute acid to displace L-phenylalanine and L-tyrosine and provide a solution thereof while allowing L-.beta.-3 to be retained on the resin. The resin is then further eluted with a dilute base to displace L-.beta.-3 from the resin and provide a solution of L-.beta.-3. Substantially pure natural L-.beta.-3 is recoverable from this solution.

Abstract: An improved process is provided for the manufacture of N-phosphonomethylglycine from N-phophonomethyliminodiacetic acid in the presence of a molecular-oxygen containing gas utilizing a catalytically active carbonaceous char produced at low temperature. The improvement is provided by the use of a carbonaceous char capable of rapidly decomposing hydrogen peroxide in an aqueous solution.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel fluorenone derivatives represented by the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.a -R.sup.g are defined in the specification, and a method for repairing and protecting central or peripheral nerve degeneration comprising use of a fluorenone derivative represented by the formula: ##STR2## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2 p and q are as defined in the specification as an active component.

Abstract: A method for preparing a carboxylic acid is provided. The method includes contacting an olefinic compound or a vicinal dihydroxy compound with oxygen in the presence of a protic organic solvent, an inorganic oxide catalyst and a peroxidant such as hydrogen peroxide or an peralkanoic acid. The inorganic oxide catalyst includes an oxide of tungsten, molybdenum, niobium, vanadium, tantalum, titanium, or yttrium.

Abstract: The invention relates to alkene-substituted cyclic carboxylic acid anhydrides which are formed from the reaction of a cyclic carboxylic acid anhydride, including succinic anhydride, and an olefin blend. The olefin blend is made up of internal linear and branched olefins and linear and/or branched .alpha.-olefins, in which blend the olefins contain 13-25 carbon atoms. The alkene-substituted cyclic carboxylic acid anhydride can be used for the preparation of an ASA sizing agent suitable for paper sizing.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for the preparation of 3-(N,N-dimethylamino)benzoic acid which comprises subjecting an aqueous solution of an alkali metal salt or ammonium salt of 3-aminobenzoic acid to reductive methylation in the presence of a supported transition metal catalyst, by the controlled and continuous addition of a solution of formaldehyde over a period of 0.5 to 20 hours with a hydrogen pressure between 1 bar and 40 bar and with the temperature of the reaction mass gradually raised during the reduction, the reaction being carried out within the temperature range of 20.degree. C. to 120.degree. C., and wherein a buffering agent is added such that the pH of the reaction mass after reductive methylation is from 6.5 to 9.5.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a compound of formula (I) wherein R.sub.2 is a (C.sub.1 -C.sub.6)alkyl, (C.sub.2 -C.sub.6)alkenyl, (C.sub.2 -C.sub.6)alkynyl, phenyl(C.sub.1 -C.sub.6)alkyl, heteroaryl(C.sub.1 -C.sub.6)alkyl, cycloalkyl(C.sub.1 -C.sub.6)alkyl or cycloalkenyl(C.sub.1 -C.sub.6)alkyl group, any one of which may be optionally substituted by one or more substituents selected from (C.sub.1 -C.sub.6)alkyl, (C.sub.1 -C.sub.6)alkyl, --S(C.sub.1 -C.sub.6)alkyl, halo and cyano (--CN); and R.sub.7 is a carboxylic acid protecting group, which process comprises the internal molecular rearrangement of an allyl carboxylate compound of formula (II) wherein R.sub.2 and R.sub.7 are as defined in relation to formula (I) to form the desired compound of formula (I). Compounds (I) are intermediates for the preparation of Matrix metaloproteinase inhibitors.