Abstract: This invention relates to a process for separating one or more phosphorus acidic compounds from a reaction product fluid containing said one or more phosphorus acidic compounds, a metal-organophosphorus ligand complex catalyst and optionally free organophosphorus ligand which process comprises (a) treating said reaction product fluid with water sufficient to remove at least some amount of said one or more phosphorus acidic compounds from said reaction product fluid and (b) treating the water which contains phosphorus acidic compounds removed from said reaction product fluid with an ion exchange resin sufficient to remove at least some amount of said one or more phosphorus acidic compounds from said water.

Abstract: Oxidation of secondary amines with hydrogen peroxide and sodium tungstate is reported to give good yields of nitrones. However, when using dimethylamine in this manner, a considerable amount of N,N-dimethylformamide was produced as a co-product. To more selectively produce N-methylnitrone from dimethylamine, a two-step process is used which comprises (a) mixing together dimethylamine and a peroxidic compound, and subjecting the resultant mixture to reaction conditions effective to form a reaction mixture in which N,N-dimethylhydroxylamine has been formed; and (b) mixing together (i) reaction mixture from (a), (ii) a peroxidic compound, and (iii) a transition metal-containing oxidation catalyst, and subjecting the resultant mixture to reaction conditions effective to form a reaction mixture in which N-methylnitrone has been formed. Highest yields of N-methylnitrone are achieved by conducting step (b) at a pH in the range of 7 to about 12, and at a temperature in the range of about -10.degree. to about 100.

Abstract: Disclosed is an oxyalkylene-modified polyoxybutylene alcohol having an improved viscosity index. Notably enhancement of the viscosity index is obtained when the polyoxybutylene alcohol contains an internal oxypropylene or oxyethylene block; and wherein the total amount of converted butylene oxide in the molecule is from 99 to 75 parts per 100 parts by weight of the total converted alkylene oxide.

Abstract: This invention relates in part to processes for selectively producing one or more substituted or unsubstituted 1,6-hexanedials, e.g., adipaldehyde, which comprise: (a) subjecting one or more substituted or unsubstituted alkadienes, e.g., butadiene, or a mixture comprising one or more substituted or unsubstituted alkadienes to hydroformylation in the presence of a hydroformylation catalyst, e.g., a metal-organophosphorus ligand complex catalyst, and at an alkadiene partial pressure and/or a carbon monoxide partial pressure sufficient to selectively produce one or more substituted or unsubstituted pentenals or a reaction mixture comprising one or more substituted or unsubstituted pentenals; and (b) subjecting said one or more substituted or unsubstituted pentenals or said reaction mixture comprising one or more substituted or unsubstituted pentenals to hydroformylation in the presence of a hydroformylation catalyst, e.g.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for producing a carboxylic acid ester by reacting a carboxylic acid with an alcohol in a suspension of a strongly acidic cation exchange resin which is a catalyst, which process comprises introducing a reaction mixture slurry containing said ion exchange resin, from a reactor for the above reaction to a resin-separating vessel, separating, in said resin-separating vessel, said reaction mixture slurry into a clear solution and a slurry-like high-concentration mixture, and discharging the clear solution from the upper section of the resin-separating vessel and the slurry-like high-concentration mixture from near the bottom of the resin-separating vessel to circulate it into the reactor. Preferably, the resin-separating vessel is operated under such conditions that the ascending speed of the clear solution becomes 0.003 m/sec or less. The process allows efficient separation/recovery of ion exchange resin from reaction mixture and reuse of recovered resin in the reaction.

Abstract: A process for the purification of tertiary phosphine oxides obtained in a Wittig synthesis as a contaminated by product resulting from the reaction of the corresponding tertiary phosphines, especially triphenylphosphine. The contaminated tertiary phosphine oxides coming from this Wittig synthesis have the formula I ##STR1## in which R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 denote C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkyl, C.sub.5 -G.sub.8 cycloalkyl, aryl, C.sub.7 -C.sub.20 aralkyl, or C.sub.7 -C.sub.20 alkylaryl. The contaminated phosphine oxide I or phosphine oxide I-containing mixtures, optionally in an inert solvent, are first caused to react with an inorganic or organic acid at temperatures of from 0.degree. to 150.degree. C. to form a crystallized acid salt. The resulting salt crystals are then treated in a purifying step with water or an inorganic base or an organic base to again form the tertiary phosphine oxide.

Abstract: Compounds of the formulaM(XR.sub.2)L.sub.nwhere M is a Group IIa metal, X is an azogen, R is a hydrocarbyl or silyl group, L is a neutral azogen-containing donor ligand, and n=l or 2 have good low temperature volatility and can be used as Group IIa metal MOCVD precursors.

Abstract: Malonic acid and alkylmalonic acids are prepared by a process of acid-catalyzed saponification of malonic acid esters, which comprises:contacting an aqueous mixture of the ester II with an acid ion exchanger containing sulfonic acid groups at from 30.degree.-100.degree. C. and from 40-1000 mbar according to the following scheme: ##STR1## where R.sup.1 =H, CH.sub.3,R.sup.2 =H, CH.sub.3 orR.sup.1 +R.sup.2 =--CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --andR.sup.3 =CH.sub.3, C.sub.2 H.sub.5, C.sub.3 H.sub.7, C(CH.sub.3).sub.3 ;distilling off the alcohol R.sup.3 OH which is formed;separating the water, with the aid of organic solvents, from the malonic acid or alkylmalonic acid product; and thenisolating the product by crystallization.

Abstract: A process for preparing a compound of formula (I): ##STR1## by rearrangement of a compound of formula (II): ##STR2## in a non-polar solvent in the presence of a cyanide source, an alkali or alkaline earth metal carbonate, a phase transfer catalyst and 1-6 moles of water with respect to the compound of formula (II).

Abstract: A process for producing a cyclic unsaturated aldehyde is herein disclosed which comprises the step of reacting a cyclic conjugated diene compound with an aldehyde represented by the general formula (I)R--CH.dbd.CH--CHO (I)wherein R is an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms,in the presence of a solid acid catalyst in accordance with the Diels-Alder reaction.According to the process of the present invention, the cyclic unsaturated aldehydes useful as the raw materials of traction oils and the like can efficiently and industrially advantageously be produced through the Diels-Alder reaction at a low cost without causing the corrosion of an apparatus and without requiring any treatment after the reaction.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for preventing the polymerization of a vinyl compound which comprises allowing water in an amount of 0.05 to 5% by weight based on the vinyl compound or a corrosion inhibitive substance selected from an alcohol, an inorganic acid or its salt, an aromatic carboxylic acid or its salt and a zinc-containing salt in an amount of preferably 0.01 to 5% by weight based on the same, to coexist with a metallic salt of dithiocarbamic acid, in preventing the polymerization of the vinyl compound with the metallic salt of dithiocarbamic acid. The above process makes it possible to effectively inhibit the polymerization of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, etc. in the distillation system, etc. of the production process for the above acids as well as the corrosion of the equipment and machinery to be used therein and also to assure long-term stable continuous operation of the equipment and machinery.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for the synthesis of penciclovir and famciclovir by 9-substituting 2-amino-6-chloropurine (ACP) with an appropriate side chain precursor, followed by conversion of the 6-chloro moiety to a hydroxy moiety (i.e. to form a guanine) or hydrogen (to form a 2-aminopurine), respectively; and 2-acetoxymethyl-4-halo-butyl-1-yl acetates.

Abstract: A process for continuous production of methyl mercaptan by catalytic reaction of methanol and hydrogen sulfide. Significant improvements in the pretreatment of the feed gas mixture and in utilization of the heat of reaction and the heat content of the product gas mixture. The energy required to vaporize the methanol is derived partly from utilization of the heat of compression of the hydrogen sulfide gas and from the heat content of the product gas leaving the reactor. The heat of reaction is utilized to heat the feed gas mixture to the reaction temperature, with the help of an external gas heater.

Abstract: This invention relates in part to processes for producing one or more substituted or unsubstituted aldehyde acid salts, e.g., epsilon caprolactam, which comprises subjecting said one or more substituted or unsubstituted unsaturated acid salts, e.g., pentenoic acid salts, to hydroformylation in the presence of a hydroformylation catalyst, e.g., a metal-organophosphorus ligand complex catalyst, to produce one or more substituted or unsubstituted aldehyde acid salts and/or one or more substituted or unsubstituted epsilon caprolactam precursors. This invention also relates in part to reaction mixtures containing one or more substituted or unsubstituted aldehyde acid salts as the principal product(s) of reaction.

Abstract: Synthetic routes for forming alkali metal substituted borohydride compounds include the step of reacting an alkali metal reagent, a hydrogen donor, and a substituted borane. The reactions proceed without the requirement of specialized handling of alkali metal hydrides associated with prior synthetic processes for the production of alkali metal trisubstituted borohydride compounds. A chemical composition comprises solid potassium tri-sec-butyl borohydride.

Abstract: Novel, optically active phosphorous compounds of the formula, ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 represents hydrogen atoms, straight or branched-chain alkyl groups having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, R.sup.2 represents hydrogen atoms, halogen atoms, lower alkyl groups (1 to 6 carbon atoms), lower alkoxy groups (1 to 6 carbon atoms), hydroxy group, chiral hydroxyalkyl groups, and amino groups (1.degree., 2.degree., 3.degree.) vinyl groups or allyl groups and R.sup.3 represents phenyl groups, aryl groups, cyclohexyl groups, substituted and unsubstituted cycloalkyl groups, heteroaromatic rings, are described. The compounds of the formula serve as highly useful ligands in the preparation of ruthenium complexes which are effective catalysts for the asymmetric hydrogenation of 2-arylpropenoic acids leading to high valued 2-arylpropionic acids.

Abstract: A novel injector/reactor apparatus and an efficient process for the partial oxidation of light hydrocarbon gases, such as methane, to convert such gases to useful synthesis gas for recovery and/or subsequent hydrocarbon synthesis. Sources of a light hydrocarbon gas, such as methane, and oxygen or an oxygen-containing gas are preheated and pressurized and injected through an injector means at high velocity into admixture with each other in the desired relating proportions, at a plurality of mixing nozzles which are open to the partial oxidation zone of a reactor and are uniformly-spaced over the face of the injector means, to form a gaseous premix having a pressure drop through the injector. The gaseous premix is injected in a time period which is less than 5 milliseconds, preferably at a velocity between about 25 to 1000 feet/second, into a partial oxidation reaction zone so that the gaseous premix reacts therein, to reduce the amounts of CO.sub.2, H.sub.

Abstract: A process for the production of methanol is disclosed wherein the gaseous reactants of CO, H.sub.2 and optimally CO.sub.2 are reacted in a distillation column reactor in the presence of an inert C.sub.7 -C.sub.12 component, which is boiling at the reaction temperature within the catalyst bed. The inert component is taken overhead along with the methanol and separated therefrom for reflux of the inert component back to the reactor.

Abstract: A multi-stage catalytic process for preparing a 2-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)-propionate, especially methyl 2-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)-propionate, with a purity greater than 99% by esterifying the corresponding 2-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)-propionic acid with an excess amount of alcohol, e.g. methyl alcohol, in a series of at least 2 up to 10 sequential stages at temperatures of 20.degree. to 150.degree. C. and pressures of 0.05 to 5 bar in the presence of a distillable acid catalyst such as hydrochloric acid or hydrogen chloride. In a first esterification stage, unreacted alcohol is removed from the ester product in vacuo at temperatures of 30.degree. to 100.degree. C. together with other volatile components, including the acid catalyst. Without a separate purification of the resulting ester as the bottoms product of the first stage, the esterification step is repeated in at least one additional stage. The final ester product of this multi-stage process is characterized by a water content of less than 0.

Abstract: This invention relates in part to processes for selectively producing one or more substituted or unsubstituted alkenals. The process hydroformylates at least one substituted or unsubstituted alkadienes, e.g., butadiene, or a mixture of one or more substituted or unsubstituted alkadienes in the presence of a hydroformylation catalyst, e.g., a metal-organophosphorus ligand complex catalyst, and at an alkadiene and/or carbon monoxide partial pressure sufficient to selectively produce at least one substituted or unsubstituted alkenals, e.g., pentenals. The substituted and unsubstituted alkenals produced by the processes of this invention can undergo further reaction(s) to afford desired derivatives thereof, e.g., hydrogenation to alkenols, particularly pentenols. This invention also relates to reaction mixtures containing one or more substituted or unsubstituted alkenals or alkenols as principal product(s) of those reactions.