Abstract: Apparatus and method are provided to automatically measure the viscosity of a solution. The apparatus employs at least two sets of piezo electric ultrasonic accoustical transducers mounted along the length of a modified viscosity tube. As the meniscus of the liquid being measured passes the first transducer, a timer is actuated. As the meniscus passes the second transducer, the timer is stopped. The measured time interval enables calculation of the solution viscosity. This invention provides highly improved accuracy and decreased test time for solution viscosity measurements, while eliminating the variables encountered in conventional optical or thermistor measurements resulting from the opacity or thermal conductivity of the liquid being measured.

Abstract: The invention contemplates a liquid-level sensing transducer having a baseplate which is adapted to removably secure the same to close an opening in a tank within which liquid level is to be measured by noting the angle of a pivoted float arm. A pivot-bearing mount of insulating material is secured by two spaced bolts to the baseplate, and this mount establishes two spaced parallel planes of support which are perpendicular to the pivot axis. A conductive plate is mounted in one of these two planes, and an electrical-resistance element is mounted in the other of these planes. A float-arm pivot member is rotatable in the pivot-bearing mount and includes a radially offsetting arm which sweeps the space between the parallel planes. The offsetting arm of the pivot member supports a moving-contact element in resiliently loaded wiping contact with the conductive plate at one end and with the resistance element at the other end.

Abstract: A protective shield for the sight glass of a flow meter. The flow meter includes an elongated guard having a slot that houses a sight glass, and a flow indicator carried by a float moves vertically within the sight glass and the fluid flow is read on a scale mounted on the guard and bordering the slot. A transparent open-ended protective sleeve is disposed around the guard and is retained on the guard by a spring clip that extends inwardly of the sleeve and engages an abutment on the outer surface of the guard.

Abstract: A device for testing an air brake system of a locomotive, an air brake system having a compressed air source, a conduit for the ingress and egress of compressed air and a brake valve which is communicatively connected to both the compressed air source and the ingress/egress conduit. The device is particularly for testing the functionality of the brake valve of the air brake system. The testing device includes a trackside stand for placement in proximity to a locomotive servicing site, and a storage reservoir for holding a predetermined volume of compressed air. The trackside stand is further comprised of a conduit having one end for communicative connection to the storage reservoir and an opposite end for communicative connection to the ingress and egress conduit of the locomotive air brake system.

Abstract: A gas chromatograph Fourier transform infrared (GC/FTIR) system includes a GC oven having a flexible capillary column therein for separating components of a sample. The column discharges effluent directly into a light pipe associated with an FTIR spectroscope. An auxiliary flow of carrier gas is added to the effluent at the light pipe to convey constituents through the light pipe free from tailing or peak broadening.

Abstract: A device for monitoring the leakage of cooling gas for a turbogenerator stator into the stator water-cooling system is disclosed. The device is located next to the generator so that the operative elements are at the generator storage tank operating water level. As cooling accumulates in the storage tank together with cooling water, the gas displaces the water in the leak monitor until the water level rises to a predetermined, adjustable level. When this level is reached, the gas is vented and the water level is restored to equilibrium. Each cycle is recorded on a leak trip counter. When the leakage rate exceeds a predetermined value, an alarm is triggered.

Abstract: A friction driven tachogenerator having a friction drive wheel in contact with a movable member. The tachogenerator is compliantly and frictionlessly mounted, and at least one pressure roller is disposed in tangential, rolling contact with the friction drive wheel. The pressure roller biases the friction wheel against the movable member to provide a predetermined contact pressure between the friction wheel and movable member without applying a significant load to the shaft and bearings of the tachogenerator. The compliant and frictionless mounting of the tachogenerator is devoid of friction sources which can interfere with the sensing of velocity oscillations by the tachogenerator.

Abstract: A mass air flow sensor (10) has a vortex generator (12) positioned in the air flow for generating two streams of vortices. Spaced vortex detectors (20), (22) are each positioned the same distance downstream of vortex generator (12) in one of the two streams of vortices. Vortex detectors (20), (22) are coupled to a differential amplifier (24) which reduces noise signals applied equally to vortex detectors (20), (22) and enhances vortex signals alternately applied to vortex detectors (20), (22).

Abstract: A fluid flow meter having a paddle wheel rotatably mounted in a cylindrical cavity and an inlet conduit and an outlet conduit tangentially aligned with the periphery of the cavity for directing a fluid to flow through it. The paddle wheel's axis of rotation is displaced from the cavity's centerline, in the direction of the inlet conduit and substantially perpendicular to the flow of fluid entering the cavity, such that the flow meter operates effectively over an extended range of Reynolds numbers, spanning both turbulent and laminar flows.

Abstract: A temperature scanner for use in a hot strip rolling mill to enable ready determination and analysis of the temperature distribution over a hot strip of material passing through the mill. The temperature scanner comprises a photocell scanner unit 1, situated over and scanning a strip 2 perpendicular to its direction of travel, electronic analyzer 6 connected to the scanner unit via lead 5 and displayer 7 connected to the analyzer 6 by lead 8. The analyzer 6 compares the temperatures detected with a reference level set and together with the displayer 7 displays a map of the strip surface in which areas at temperature above the reference level are distinguished from those below the reference level. Alternatively, one or more temperature profiles corresponding to one or more scans of the surface are displayed, in which temperatures above the reference level are distinguished from those below the reference level.

Abstract: A sublance for use in performing measurements and/or taking samples in a metallurgical furnace, which has an elongate outer body (3), (11) having at its upper end a suspension structure (4), and at its lower end (12) a probe (10). Near the upper end, the body is divided by a rotational coupling (8), (9) into two parts, the lower part 11 being relatively rotatable about the longitudinal axis, so that bending distortion of the lance in use can be reversed by turning the lance through 180.degree.. To achieve a simple construction, the inner and intermediate tubes (15), (14) within the lance are not rotationally divided but extend within the rotatable outer part (11) to the lower end (12) where the inner tube (15) is rotationally coupled to the probe.

Abstract: A method of testing the effectiveness of Anti-G suits involves the use of a manikin shaped to correspond to the portion of the body over which the suit fits. The manikin is filled with fluid and includes a pressure sensing device to provide an indication of the force exerted by the suit against the manikin upon pressurization of the suit. The volume of fluid displaced also provides an indication of the efficiency of the suit.

Abstract: A gas flow measuring device has a measuring circuit for measuring the flow of gas based on the output signals of an electric heater and a first and a second temperature dependent resistor. In the measuring circuit, the first and the second temperature dependent resistors, together with first and second reference resistors, form a bridge and a constant voltage is applied to a voltage at one diametrical point of the bridge. The difference between the other voltage of the diametrical point of the bridge and the output of the constant voltage adding circuit is amplified, and the output voltage of the amplifier circuit is further amplified so that the voltage applied to the electric heater and the bridge is feed-back controlled.

Abstract: A viscoelastometer for measuring and displaying a viscoelastic effect in a liquid such as water, oils, paints, blood or thickened liquids or suspensions including types commonly used as foods or pharmaceuticals as a reproducible force time signature.

Abstract: Leaks in fluid conveying pipe-lines, in which the noise from the escaping uid at the position of the leak creates sound waves are detected by at least one sound sensor and, at a known distance from it, a sound reflector, both of which are in direct contact with the fluid. The sound sensor receives the directly incident sound waves, and also the reflected sound waves from the sound reflector. The received signals are evaluated using an autocorrelation function.

Abstract: A pickup arm controlling apparatus for an audio record or a video disk player, comprising an optical detecting device provided at the foremost end portion of a pickup arm for detecting a non-recorded groove portion, arranged so that a reproduction of the disk is performed by causing, due to the detecting device, the pickup arm to make a lead-in motion while the detecting action is being performed, and stopping the lead-in motion of the pickup arm upon detection of a predetermined non-recorded groove portion, and causing a stylus to descend onto the surface of the disk, wherein arrangement is provided so that, after the pickup arm has ceased its motion during the lead-in action, the pickup arm is forced to make a reversed run only for a trifle amount or distance to thereby compensate for an overshooting which could occur during the lead-in motion of the pickup arm. This trifle amount of the reversed run can be varied. Also, during a manual lead-in operation, the overshoot-compensating action is released.

Abstract: Apparatus for cutting a flat surface on a metallic member may comprise: a frame assembly including a clamping device on which a metallic member may be placed for clamping the metallic member in a firmly fixed position; a broach frame mounted on the frame assembly for movement between a first position engageable by and against which the metallic member may be firmly clamped by the clamping device and a second position away from and not engageable by the metallic member when on the clamping device; a broach blade having cutting surfaces thereon carried by the broach frame for reciprocal movement, when the broach frame is in the first position, between a first terminal and a second terminal position for cutting a flat surface on the metallic member when clamped against the broach frame; and a power device mounted on the frame assembly and attached to the broach blade between the first and second terminal positions.

Abstract: Apparatus for measuring the hardness properties of materials may comprise: a frame for supporting the apparatus and the material to be tested; a test head assembly mounted on the frame for applying predetermined measuring forces to the material and a clamp assembly mounted on the frame for supporting the material and for applying a clamping force to clamp the material against the tester head assembly prior to application of the predetermined measuring forces. The tester head assembly may include a housing; a penetrator assembly carried by the housing, including an axially reciprocal penetrator shaft at the lower end of which is a ball member for contact with the material; an operating assembly for applying a first predetermined force and a second and greater predetermined force to the penetrator shaft for indentation of the material by the ball member, and indicating devices for measuring the difference of indentations of the material by the first and second predetermined forces.

Abstract: A handle stem for a bicycle, comprising a stem body, a projecting portion extending from the top of said stem body radially outwardly thereof, and a holding portion for a handle bar, provided at the foremost end of the projecting portion, so that a hollow, which is provided therein, houses an indicator electrically displaying running conditions of the bicycle.

Abstract: A magnifying indicator for a thermometer or similar columnar instrument, said indicator consisting of a one-piece body of transparent plastic formed with a cylindrical base block and an upstanding lens on the front portion of the base block. Opposite the lens the base block is formed with a rearwardly-facing vertical V-groove in which the columnar instrument is receivable. A U-shaped wire spring is anchored at one side of the groove and transversely overlies the groove. The spring is arranged to allow the columnar instrument to be slipped into the groove so as to engage against the flat sides thereof and thereafter to clamp the instrument in the groove to prevent angular disorientation of the lens relative to the columnar instrument, while permitting sliding adjustment of the magnifying indicator along the instrument scale.