Abstract: A method for cement evaluation may include generating a gamma ray, from a radioactive source, into cement disposed between a casing and a geological formation. Photons reflected from the geological formation and the cement are detected on a gamma detector having a collimator. A detector-to-source distance, a collimator angle, and/or a collimator diameter are set to provide an energy spectra independent of the geological formation. The quality of the cement may be determined based on the energy spectra of the detected photons.

Abstract: A photoelectric switch, including: a base, an infrared tube, a keycap, a balance frame, a resetting mechanism, and a light-blocking member. The light-blocking member is configured to change the propagation direction of light emitted from the infrared tube to allow or block the light propagation in the infrared tube. The infrared tube is disposed on the base. The infrared tube includes a light-emitting end and a light-receiving end. The infrared tube, the balance frame, and the resetting mechanism are disposed beneath and covered by the keycap. In operation, upon being pressed by an external force, the balance frame leads the keycap to move downwards smoothly; the light-blocking member moves upwards or downwards along with the motion of the keycap and the balance frame or the resetting mechanism. The resetting mechanism is configured to reset the keycap or the balance frame.

Abstract: A probe system is configured to receive thermal images of the probe system from a thermal imager and includes a heater and a control circuit. The heater includes a resistive heating element routed through the probe. An operational voltage is provided to the resistive heating element to provide heating for the probe. The control circuit is configured to provide the operational voltage and receive the thermal images from the thermal imager. The control circuit is further configured to monitor the thermal images over time and determine a remaining useful life of the probe system based upon the thermal images over time.

Abstract: An amplifier for amplification of an electrical signal comprises an electro-optic (EO) medium for receiving the electrical signal, wherein applying the electrical signal to the EO medium causes a change to an effective index of refraction, a device configured for measuring a light phase change for measuring the change to the effective index of refraction, and a photodetector configured to convert the change to the effective index of refraction into an amplified electrical current output signal.

Abstract: Devices, methods, systems, and computer-readable media for a multispectral band system are described herein. One or more embodiments include a filter comprising a first designated transmittance value for a first wavelength range and a second designated transmittance value for a second wavelength range, a sensor to receive transmitted radiation from the filter, and a computing device coupled to the sensor to detect any radiation within the first and second wavelength ranges from the received transmitted radiation from the filter and wherein the detected radiation in the first wavelength indicates a particular type of radiation source and detected radiation in the second wavelength range indicates one or more other items within a field of view of the received radiation.

Abstract: A device including: a processor being configured to: instruct an image sensor to capture first image data of a patch applied to a user's skin unprotected against an ultraviolent spectrum of radiation, the patch having a reflection coefficient in the ultraviolent spectrum; measure a first reflectance from the patch based on the reflection coefficient; determine a second reflectance from the unprotected skin adjacent to the patch based on the measured first reflectance; instruct the image sensor to capture second image data of the user's skin after application of a sunscreen; determine a third reflectance from the skin adjacent to the applied patch for the skin having the applied sunscreen based on the measured first reflectance; and determine a time extending factor for the applied sunscreen based on the second and third reflectance.

Abstract: A terahertz wave generating element includes a nonlinear optical crystal generating terahertz waves by propagating light, and a coupling member propagating the generated terahertz waves. The coupling member includes a reflecting face reflecting at least part of the generated terahertz waves. The reflecting face is convex in a propagation direction of the generated terahertz waves. An angle at the coupling member side between the reflecting face and the propagation direction of the light is greater than 90 degrees?cos?1 (ng/nTHz) but smaller than 90 degrees at a plane including the light propagation direction. ng represents a group refractive index of the nonlinear optical crystal at a wavelength of the light, nTHz the refractive index of the coupling member at a wavelength of the generated terahertz waves. A curvature radius of the reflecting face, in a reflection region reflecting the radius terahertz waves, is smaller the farther downstream in the light propagation direction.

Abstract: Disclosed and described herein are embodiments and methods of use of a gamma ray spectroscope. In one aspect the gamma ray spectroscope comprises a scintillator for receiving radiation and a solid-state photomultiplier for detecting and amplifying light emitted by the scintillator in response to the received radiation, wherein an electrical output signal is provided by the photomultiplier that is proportional to the received radiation.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a scintillator, method for manufacturing the same and applications of scintillator. The scintillator has a chemical formula of Tl2ABC6:yCe, wherein A includes at least one alkali element; B includes at least one trivalent element; C includes at least one halogen element; and y is equal to or greater than 0 and equal to or smaller than 1.

Abstract: A two-color fluorescence localized super-resolution biological microscopy method and system are disclosed. The method includes: performing two-color fluorescence labeling on a biological sample by using Alexa647 and Alexa750 fluorescent molecules or Cy5 and Cy7 fluorescent molecules, and soaking the biological sample in an imaging buffer solution; illuminating the biological sample by laser to generate a flashing fluorescent signal of a first channel and a flashing fluorescent signal of a second channel respectively; constructing a super-resolution image of a first biological structure and a super-resolution image of a second biological structure respectively; and aligning the super-resolution image of the first biological structure and the super-resolution image of the second biological structure so as to construct a super-resolution image of a third biological structure.

Abstract: A superconducting thermal detector (bolometer) of THz (sub-millimeter) wave radiation based on sensing the change in the amplitude or phase of a resonator circuit, consisting of a capacitor (Csh) and a superconducting temperature dependent inductor where the said inductor is thermally isolated from the heat bath (chip substrate) by micro-suspensions. The bolometer design includes a thin film inductor located on the membrane, a single or/and multi-layered thin film capacitor, and a thin film absorber of incoming radiation. The bolometer design can also include a lithographic antenna with antenna termination and/or a back reflector beneath the membrane for optimal wavelength detection by the resonance circuit. The superconducting thermal detector (bolometer) and arrays of these detectors operate in a temperature range from 1 Kelvin to 10 Kelvin.

Abstract: A digital radiographic detector uses an IGZO active layer in the switching element for each imaging pixel in a two-dimensional array of imaging pixels. Each imaging pixel has a photo-sensitive element and the switching element. Read-out circuits electrically connected to the two-dimensional array generate a radiographic image by reading out image data by switching on and off the switching elements. The IGZO active layer may be formed having a thickness less than about 7 nm.

Abstract: Disclosed is a temperature distribution measuring device for measuring the temperature distribution or the heat generation distribution in a sample. An embodiment collects a reflection signal the reflectivity of which changes on the basis of a bias signal applied to a sample, detects a signal of interest, which has been reflected from a region of interest in the sample, from the reflected signal, converts the signal of interest to a frequency range signal, calculates the relative amount of change in reflectivity of the sample by using a direct current component extracted on the basis of filtering of the frequency range signal and a frequency component of the bias signal, and acquires a thermal image of the sample on the basis of the relative amount of change in reflectivity.

Abstract: A detection device is formed in a body of semiconductor material having a first face, a second face, and a cavity. A detection area formed in the cavity, and a gas pump is integrated in the body and configured to force movement of gas towards the detection area. A detection system of an optical type or a detector of alpha particles is arranged at least in part in the detection area.

Abstract: A pixel circuit includes a voltage compensation circuit connected to a body terminal of the pixel's switching TFT to compensate for a decreasing threshold voltage drift of the TFT.

Abstract: A substrate processing system includes a processing chamber. A pedestal and a showerhead are arranged in the processing chamber. A surface plasmon resonance (SPR) fiber has a central portion disposed in the processing chamber, and opposing ends disposed outside the processing chamber. A light source provides input light at one end of the SPR fiber, and a detector receives output light from the other end of the SPR fiber. Surface plasmon waves and evanescent waves constitute the output light, which is processed and analyzed to determine a condition of the processing chamber.

Abstract: The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing a three-dimensional structure, a method for manufacturing a scintillator panel, a three-dimensional structure, and a scintillator panel that enable the type and thickness of a substrate of the scintillator panel to be selected freely. The present invention provides a method for manufacturing a three-dimensional structure, by which a three-dimensional structure is obtained by forming a glass pattern on a base member and then separating the glass pattern from the base member.

Abstract: Example embodiments of a reflective switch and methods for preventing inadvertent actuation of the reflective switch are disclosed. Exemplary embodiments of the reflective switch comprise a plurality of photo emitters that emit light through a translucent zone and a plurality of photo detectors that detect light rays that are reflected back through the translucent zone by an operator input. Upon detecting reflected light rays, the photo detectors send reflective signals to a controller. The controller then monitors whether the unique addresses of the photo detectors are increasing or decreasing and whether the addresses have increased or decreased to a predetermined threshold to merit a change in switch state. An indicia may be configured to notify an operator that a new switch state has been achieved.

Abstract: A scintillator includes a scintillator layer including a phosphor and an augmenting agent and has an optical reflectance A1 at a wavelength 440 nm and an optical reflectance B1 at a wavelength 520 nm, wherein when an optical reflectance at the wavelength 440 nm is defined as A2 and an optical reflectance at the wavelength 520 nm is defined as B2 after exposure to 2,000 R of radiation, ratios between the optical reflectances “A=A2/A1” and “B=B2/B1” before and after exposure to radiation satisfy “0.70?A/B?1.10”.

Abstract: A flame sensor detects the presence of a flame in a combustion system in which the flame emits light. The flame sensor includes a body connectable with the combustion system. A photodetector is supported in the body. The photodetector responds to light emitted by the flame and generates an electrical signal proportional to an intensity of the light. A window is supported in the body and located between the combustion system and photodetector. The window is susceptible to contamination from the combustion system and the contamination may decrease sensitivity of the photodetector. A light source is supported in the body. The light source emits light so that a predetermined amount of the light emitted by the light source reflects into the photodetector when contamination is present on the window and the photodetector generates a signal indicative of contamination on the window.