Abstract: Devices, assemblies, systems and methods useful in the detection of hydrocarbons in well-related fluids such as drilling fluids during well-related operations are disclosed. Such devices, assemblies, systems and methods may be used for real-time analysis of gas(es) extracted from a fluid associated with an ongoing well-related operation. An exemplary method may comprise: receiving gas extracted from the fluid associated with the well-related operation; analyzing the gas using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy; and generating one or more signals useful in the determination of a composition of the gas extracted from the fluid.

Abstract: An electron beam detecting device detects a state of an electron beam radiated by an electron beam radiation device. A plurality of wire electrodes, which are conductors, are disposed corresponding to a plurality of filaments, the wire electrodes being electrically insulated from each other, in the area in which the electron beams are radiated. The electrical current flowing through each of the wire electrodes is measured by an electric current measuring instrument (measuring unit). A CPU (determining unit) determines the radiation level of the electron beams by receiving a signal output by the electric current measuring instrument. The CPU judges that when the measuring instrument measures a decrease of the current value, an abnormal condition exists in the filament corresponding to the conductor with the lower current value.

Abstract: The invention relates to a system for the in vitro detection and/or quantification, by fluorometry, of at least one analyte in a sample of fluid constituting a biological material, in particular for an immunological test, including a radiation source, followed by an optical splitter for splitting the main beam into a sample-energizing beam and a reference beam, with a first photodetector means for detecting a fluorescence ray emitted by the sample and a second photodetector means for the reference beam, said system also including a generator outputting a sinusoidal carrier signal and at least one digital demodulation signal, and a digital processing means for processing, by demodulation, the signals from the two photodetector means in order to extract a fluorescence value that is characteristic of the amplitude of the fluorescence ray and a second reference value that is characteristic of the amplitude of the reference beam.

Abstract: Provided is an antenna module that comprises an antenna comprising a radiation patch for transmitting or receiving the terahertz wave, and a first ground disposed away from the radiation patch, the first ground having a hole, an integrated circuit board having a signal processing unit configured to generate the terahertz wave or to process the terahertz wave received through the antenna, the integrated circuit board being disposed under the antenna and a via configured to connect the radiation patch with the signal processing unit, the via passing through the hole.

Abstract: A spectroscopic measuring device for minimizing spurious absorption due to undesired gases. The device includes a probe body, or a transmission cell formed from a central measurement cell and first and second probe bodies. Each probe body is subject to leakage of undesired gas, especially over time in the presence of high pressure gas. Each probe body includes a bore located between a primary window disposed at or near a distal end and a secondary window located at or near the proximal end. It being observed that the absorbance is proportional to the pathlength and inversely proportional to the volume as long as the pressure in the probe body remains low compared to that in the measurement cell, a glass filler rod is located in the bore and a is void located adjacent to the filler glass rod, thereby minimizing spurious absorption even in the presence of leakage.

Abstract: Nuclear-based basis weight sensors are passline-sensitive. Error in measurement is induced when the sheet moves up and down in the gap between the radiation source and detector. A passline-insensitive basis weight sensor includes a triangulation sensor to measure the position of the sheet within the gap. The sensor and gap is characterized in the laboratory for its passline behavior over a range of basis weights. The curves are either parameterized or a lookup table is created for each weight and passline position and the data added to the sensor's processor. The basis weight measured can be automatically corrected to account for deviations from the passline or nominal path through the sensor.

Abstract: Spectrally analyzing an unknown sample (10A) includes (i) providing a spatially homogeneous region (10B) of the unknown sample (10A); (ii) directing a plurality of interrogation beams (16) at the spatially homogeneous region (10B) with a laser source (14), (iii) acquiring a separate output image (245) while the unknown sample (10A) is illuminated by each of the interrogation beams (16) with an image sensor (26A); and (iv) analyzing less than fifty output images (245) to analyze whether a characteristic is present in the unknown sample (10A) with a control system (28) that includes a processor. Each of the interrogation beams (16) is nominally monochromatic and has a different interrogation wavelength that is in the mid-infrared spectral range.

Abstract: A scintillator element (22) includes scintillator blocks (60) arranged to form an array, and transparent or translucent material (62) disposed between adjacent scintillator blocks of the array. The transparent or translucent material may comprise epoxy or glue disposed between adjacent scintillator blocks of the array and adhering the adjacent scintillator blocks together. In some embodiments the scintillator blocks have a refractive index for scintillation light of at least •=1.8, and the transparent or translucent material has a refractive index for the scintillation light of at least •=1.6. An array of light detectors (24), such as silicon photomultipliers (SiPM) detectors formed monolithically on a silicon substrate, may be disposed on a bottom face of the scintillator element to detect scintillation light generated in the scintillator element. For PET applications, the scintillator element and the array of light detectors define a radiation detector (20) configured to detect 511 keV radiation.

Abstract: A counting digital x-ray detector for recording x-ray images of an object irradiated by x-ray radiation includes a direct x-ray converter for converting x-ray radiation into an electric signal and a matrix with a plurality of counting pixel elements. At least one part of the counting pixel elements has a signal input and two circuits for converting the signal into a count signal. A first circuit of the two circuits is configured to convert the signal entering the respective pixel element directly into a count signal and to count the count signal. A second circuit of the two circuits is configured to convert the signal entering directly into the respective pixel element together with coincident occurring signals of at least one neighboring pixel element into a count signal and to count the count signal. The first circuit and/or the second circuit are able to be activated individually and both together.

Abstract: A scintillator pack (2) and a CT X-ray detector array (1) comprising such scintillator pack (2) are proposed. The scintillator pack (2) comprises an array of scintillator pixels (3). At a bottom surface (31) of each scintillator pixel (3), an X-ray absorbing encapsulation (13) is provided. This encapsulation (13) comprises an electrically insulating highly X-ray absorbing material having an atomic number greater than 60 such as, for example, Bismuth oxide (Bi2O3). The X-ray absorbing encapsulation (13) is interposed between the scintillator pixels (3) and an electronic circuit (19). The electronic circuit (19) may be provided as an ASIC in CMOS technology and may therefore be sensitive to X-ray induced damage. The encapsulation (13) provides for good X-ray protection of such electronic circuit (19).

Abstract: Disclosed are calibration apparatuses for fluorescent microscopy instruments and methods of making and using them. Specifically, disclosed are calibration apparatuses with a fluorescent layer, such as photoresist, deposited on a substrate, with an optional layer of a reflective material, such as chrome. Illumination of the fluorescent and/or reflective layers, and detection and analysis of the resulting emissions allows evaluation of the instrument with respect to both reflective and fluorescent channels. Selection of appropriate fluorescent materials for the one or more fluorescent layers allows the evaluation of an instrument with respect to different fluorophores, as would be used with an instrument capable of two color detection.

Abstract: In one aspect, a wellbore system is disclosed for determining breach of cement section in the wellbore, wherein the system includes a cement section in the wellbore formed to prevent flow of fluids including hydrocarbons through the cement section, nonradioactive tracers that emit radioactive emission when activated by a radiation source, a radioactive source that generates radioactive particles to activate the nonradioactive tracers that have migrated through the cement to cause the nonradioactive tracers to emit radiation, a detector for detecting the radioactive emission from the nonradioactive tracer, and a processor that determines from the detected radioactive emission a fluid leak through the cement section.

Abstract: Provided is a Fourier transform spectroscopy method that removes restrictions on spectral resolution and spectral accuracy in Fourier transform spectroscopy for observing a cyclic repeating phenomenon, that realizes, theoretically, infinitesimal spectral resolution accuracy. After accurately and sufficiently stabilizing the repetition period of a phenomenon, a temporal waveform is acquired by making a repetition period and a time width for observing the temporal waveform of a phenomenon strictly conform, and by performing a Fourier transform, acquired is a discrete separation spectrum in which the inverse number of the observation time window size T is made a frequency data gap. Measurement is repeated while causing the repetition period to change, and the gap of the discrete separation spectrum is supplemented.

Abstract: Methods, systems and apparatuses are disclosed for interrogating characteristics of a substrate material surface and sub-surface by evaluating: 1) sum frequency output beams produced by combining an optical source input and a Terahertz source input, and 2) Terahertz second harmonic frequency output from a Terahertz source input.

Abstract: A pulsed emitter of electromagnetic radiation having a frequency range of 0.1 to 10 THz is described. The pulsed emitter includes an electromagnetic radiation gain medium and a pulse inducing element. The electromagnetic radiation gain medium is for generating electromagnetic radiation having the frequency range of 0.1 to 10 THz. The pulse inducing element is configured to induce an electromagnetic radiation pulse in the gain medium.

Abstract: A surface plasmon-field enhanced fluorescence measurement device may be provided to accurately detect a specific substance even in the case in which a well member is used and achieving a simpler structure and a lower manufacturing cost, and a fluorescence detection method using the surface plasmon-field enhanced fluorescence measurement device.

Abstract: A detector module is disclosed for an X-ray detector. In an embodiment, the detector module includes a number of sensor boards arranged adjacent to each other on a module support, each sensor board including, in a stack formation, a sensor layer having a sensor surface and a support ceramic by which the sensor layer is thermally coupled to the module support. A number of elements are arranged on the side of the support ceramic that faces the module support in a stack formation and at least one heating element is included which, in a plane of projection perpendicular to the stack formation, at least partially covers at least the area of the support ceramic that is free from the elements. An X-ray detector including a number of detector modules is also disclosed.

Abstract: A package inspection system includes a conveyor mechanism 6, an X-ray generator 10 applying X rays to a package W1 conveyed by the conveyor mechanism 6, an X-ray sensor 13, and an optical sensor 15. First image data showing the outline of the content of the package W1 are generated based on detection output from the X-ray sensor 13. Second image data showing the outline of the wrapping of the package W1 are generated based on detection output from an optical sensor 15. The relative position of the wrapping and the content is determined based on the first and second image data, so that failures, e.g., the content caught in a seal of the wrapping can be detected accurately. The package inspection system can accurately determine a position of a wrapping and the content of a package even if a package has a light non-transmissive wrapping.

Abstract: There is provided an x-ray scintillator (10) including a pore matrix having a plurality of pores formed in a substrate (1). Each of the pores is at least partially covered with a multi-layered coating including at least a reflective layer (2) and a protective layer (3). The at least partially coated pores are filled with scintillating material (4) for absorbing x-ray photons to produce secondary photons, preferably with a wavelength in the visible range. The reflective layer (2) of the multi-layered coating is arranged between the scintillating material (4) and the substrate (1) for reflecting the secondary photons, and the protective layer (3) of the multi-layered coating is arranged between the reflective layer (2) and the scintillating material (4) for protecting the reflective layer while allowing reflection of the secondary photons by the reflective layer.

Abstract: In one embodiment of the invention, a method for irradiating a target is disclosed. A proton beam is generated using a cyclotron. A first information is provided to an energy selection system. An energy level for the protons is selected using an energy selection system based on the first information. The first information comprises a depth of said target. The proton beam is routed from the cyclotron through a beam transfer line to a scanning system. A second information is provided to the scanning system. The second information comprises a pair of transversal coordinates. The proton beam is guided to a location on the target determined by the second information using a magnet structure. The target is irradiated with the protons.