Abstract: In a method for growing ribbon-like crystal of crystalline substance, a seed crystal is contacted on the upper surface of melt of crystalline substance raised up to the level beyond the upper edge of a crucible, thereafter the contact interface between said seed crystal or a successively growing crystal and the melt (the solid-liquid interface) is cooled under freezing point of said crystalline substance, thereby the crystal is made to successively grow on said solid-liquid interface, while said seed crystal or said successively growing crystal is drawn out substantially in horizontal direction, wherein the circulating convection is made to cause in such a manner that high temperature melt flows underside of said solid-liquid interface, thereby the crystal growth in the direction of depth of the melt is prevented.

Abstract: A surface aerator is provided which includes a float, a throat or draft tube supported by the float and forming a float unit therewith, a power module including a motor and a propeller which is driven by the motor and is disposed within the throat of the float unit, and a mounting ring construction for mounting the power module in spaced relationship above the float unit. The mounting ring construction includes upper and lower rings joined together by a series of upstanding rods. The upper ring is bolted to the power module by bolts which extend into the rods and the lower ring is bolted to the float unit by bolts which extend through circumferentially spaced apertures in the lower ring.

Abstract: A pneumatic spring for use, for example, as a lifting device or support strut for a chair or the like with provision for the adjustment of axial extent. The pneumatic spring is substantially composed of a telescoping cylinder-piston assembly containing a gas and/or fluid under compression. A releasable valve assembly permits the relative position of the piston with respect to the housing to be adjusted arbitrarily. In order to provide for a terminal spring stiffening in the position of near full insertion of the piston rod, the invention provides that a pin extending from the main piston enters a central volume which is thereby sealed off from the remainder of the internal volume. Accordingly, the gas in the remaining available volume is compressed more highly and exerts an increased opposing force on the primary piston during its final insertion.

Abstract: A belt-roller crystal pulling mechanism is described. The belt-roller comprises a single driven belt having a vertical run, and a set of pivotally mounted follower rollers for urging the growing crystal in contact with the belt. The pivot mount enables bends or buckles in the crystal to go through the belt and rollers without causing wiggle at the growth interface which might otherwise cause the growing crystal to break free from the meniscus.

Abstract: An entrainment separator for separating entrained liquids or solids from a gas includes a housing having an inlet and a first outlet disposed in opposite ends therein and a second outlet disposed in said housing intermediate said inlet and first outlet. Gas with entrained liquids or gases introduced into the housing through the inlet and is intercepted by a first surface onto which the liquids or solids impinge. An annular deflector and the first surface and toward a tube disposed within the housing and extending away from the second surface opposite said first surface. Means is provided for varying the size of the opening between the deflector and the first surface, and a funnel is provided for conducting flow of the liquids or solids, separated from the gas, into the first outlet. The second outlet enables withdrawal of gas which is substantially free of entrained liquids and solids.

Abstract: A cyclone separator for the removal of entrained solids from gases, the cyclone separator having a barrel portion and a conical portion which cooperatively define a separation chamber, a gas inlet in open communication with the portion of the separation chamber defined by the barrel portion, a gas outlet tube extending centrally, upwardly from the barrel portion, a solids discharge outlet located at the lower end of the conical section, a solids discharge dipleg conduit in open communication with the solids outlet, the geometric parameters of the separator providing high efficiency with minimal erosion.

Abstract: A method for growing a thin and flat ribbon-like crystal of crystalline substance, wherein a seed crystal is contacted with horizontal free surface of melt of crystalline substance raised up to the level beyond the upper edge of a crucible, thereafter the contact interface between said seed crystal or a successively growing crystal and the melt (the solid-liquid interface) is cooled under freezing point of said crystalline substance, thereby the crystal is made to successively grow on said solid-liquid interface, while said seed crystal and said successively growing crystal is drawn out substantially in horizontal direction, wherein an outwardly projecting eaves-structure is formed on at least a part of an upper peripheral wall of said crucible, said melt of crystalline substance is guided to said eaves-structure, which is then heated, thereby the generation of recrystallization on upper face of the melt contacting with the upper portion of the peripheral wall of the crucible is prevented, and high cooling ef

Abstract: There is disclosed cooling equipment wherein air is caused to pass through a wet cooling tower section and thus precooled prior to passage across the tube bundle of a dry cooling tower section through which a medium to be cooled is circulated, and then either selectively vented or recirculated successively through the wet section and across the tube bundle.

Abstract: Disclosed is an improved plate column suitable for use as a gas scrubber. This plate column comprises two or more sections and each section includes at least one preforated or grid plate without weir and downcomer and with a free-space ratio Fc of from 0.30 to 0.60 and includes a liquid feed distributor at the top portion thereof. The free-space ratio of the plate in each section increases from the uppermost section to the lowermost section. The liquid feed distributor except for the uppermost section is preferably provided with a number of nozzles in such a manner that liquid is sprayed within a central area of the plate which is about 10% to 50% of the total area of the plate.

Abstract: To make solar energy competitive, as compared against other sources of energy, inexpensive solar cells are required. To accomplish this goal, a method is provided which enables one to produce silicon rods having a columnar structure made of monocrystalline zones with preferential crystallographic orientation. This is effected by feeding a silicon melt into a crystallization chamber having a vertically movable cooled bottom face under the influence of a temperature gradient directed parallel to the rod axis, so that the rods can be made continuously or semicontinuously with high drawing speeds.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and device for making pure semiconductor aterial by thermal decomposition of compounds of the semiconductor material on suitable carrier elements. The quantity and quality of the obtained semiconductor material is increased in accordance with the invention by introducing the compounds to be decomposed into the reactor chamber in at least a partially liquid state through a nozzle having a plurality of discharge openings.

Abstract: A method of generating a vapor stream is disclosed which comprises the steps of providing a jet of electrostatically chargeable liquid particles and electrostatically controlling the jet so as to meter some of the liquid particles into a vaporizer for a period of time sufficient to become vaporized.

Abstract: Apparatus and process for producing electronic-grade semiconductor bodies are disclosed wherein continuously-pulled slim rod which can be formed in situ from the reaction of a seed crystal and a molten semiconductor material source, is pulled into and through a chemical vapor deposition chamber, having a gas curtain along the inner wall, the slim rod surface being preheated before entry into the deposition chamber where it is simultaneously exposed to focused heating and thermally decomposable gaseous compounds in order to provide suitable surface reaction conditions on the slim rod for the decomposition of the gaseous compounds which results in deposition growth upon the surface of the rod.

Abstract: An apparatus for mixing a gas and a liquid is disclosed. The apparatus is comprised of a hollow outer tube and a hollow inner tube received coaxially within the outer tube. The inner tube is mounted for rotary motion within the hollow interior of the outer tube. A motor is attached to the outer tube adjacent a first end thereof and is drivingly coupled to a first end of the inner tube. The inner tube has a section which extends beyond the second end of the outer tube. A propeller is attached to this section of the inner tube for rotation therewith. The propeller is adapted to be placed in a liquid and to propel the liquid in which the propeller rotates. An inlet is formed in the inner tube for admitting a gas to the hollow interior of the inner tube. A diffusion tube forms a portion of the inner tube and extends beyond the propeller. The diffusion tube has a hollow interior which forms a portion of the hollow interior of the inner tube.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for outgassing raw materials includes the steps of and means for heating the material to a temperature of about 800.degree. C. and maintaining that temperature for a first bake out period during which the material is maintained at a pressure of about 200 millitorr and for a second bake out period during which the material is maintained at a pressure of about 5 millitorr or less. During the first bake out period, an inert gas is backstreamed through the raw material.

Abstract: A vapor riser for a bubble cap formed of plastic material is threadedly attached to a plate in a rectifying column, and a plastic bubble cap is secured to the riser. The bubble caps are releasably secured by integral, interlocking elements on the risers and bubble caps.

Abstract: A method of producing ferrite single crystals which comprises steps of melting a ferrite starting material in oxygen atmosphere containing nitrogen, argon or the like of a partial pressure of at least 0.1 atm. and solidifying the melt. According to this method, the popping out of the gas contained in the melt is prevented and the ferrite single crystals of high qualities can be produced easily.

Abstract: A horizontally disposed scrubber is provided with a generally horizontally disposed adjustable venturi having a slot-type liquid introduction through which a liquid is introduced into a particle laden gas stream.

Abstract: Stable glass whose composition is defined by the quadrilaterals I II III IV of the accompanying ternary diagrams of FIGS. 1 and 2 for the system selected from the group consisting of K.sub.2 O/P.sub.2 O.sub.5 /(TiO.sub.2).sub.2, Rb.sub.2 O/P.sub.2 O.sub.5 /(TiO.sub.2).sub.2, K.sub.2 O/As.sub.2 O.sub.5 /(TiO.sub.2).sub.2 and Rb.sub.2 O/As.sub.2 O.sub.5 /(TiO.sub.2).sub.2 ; and the use of such glass in hydrothermal processes for producing crystals of KTiOPO.sub.4 and certain crystal analogues thereof, namely, RbTiOPO.sub.4, KTiOAsO.sub.4 and RbTiOAsO.sub.4.

Abstract: A humidifier for gases, for example for medical administration, may be adapted for insertion into a well of a heater for warming liquid in the humidifier. A seamless metal can defines a cylindrical wall and a closed bottom end, containing wick means for absorbing water and presenting it in dispersed form to gases flowing through the can. Transparent probe means extend into the can and serve as a liquid level control for preferably automatically controlling the liquid level in the can to be maintained in the lower one third of the can.