Abstract: A process for producing spherical graphite cast iron characterized by arranging a required amount of sphering alloy blocks in the hollow part for making a product of a casting mold and then pouring a melt into the casting mold; and a process for producing compound castings consisting of spherical graphite cast iron and ordinary cast iron characterized by arranging a required amount of sphering alloy blocks in the hollow part for making a product and requiring the strength of the product of a casting mold and pouring an ordinary cast iron melt into the casting mold.

Abstract: The guiding section of a continuous casting plant comprises walking beams extending transversely to the longitudinal center plane of the path for the continuous casting. The beams are arranged in pairs of registering beams disposed on opposite sides of the path. A plurality of props are mounted in a guiding frame of said guiding section. Each of said beams is connected to at least one of said props at one end of the latter and is supported by said at least one prop in said guiding frame. Drive means are operatively connected to said beams by said props and operable to cyclically move each of said beams into and out of engagement with said casting and in the direction of movement of said casting when said beam engages said casting and opposite to the direction of movement of the casting when said beam is disengaged from said casting.

Abstract: A solder reflow assembly technique wherein a substrate with solder pattern is immersed in a hot bath; after reflow of the solder, elements having a solder pattern therein are individually positioned on the substrate solder pattern; and the elements are aligned on the substrate by the surface tension created by the capillary action of the molten solder.

Abstract: Moulds are made from refractory sand (or other particulate or granular material) obtained from that sand or material. In order to control the temperature of the sand used to form the new moulds, the sand is heat exchanged with a permanent gas in liquid or solid state, or the cold vapour thereof. The temperature of the sand is sensed. The heat exchange is controlled so as to keep the sensed temperature at or below a chosen maximum.

Abstract: A tubejoint for a heat exchanger made of two dissimilar materials is provided wherein the tubeplate joint is manufactured by use of an explosive having a detonation velocity more than 120 percent of the sonic velocity of the tube materials to be welded. Very satisfactory welds are formed at subsonic velocity between the surfaces of concentric tubes made of dissimilar metal and along the surface of a counterbore formed in the hole in which the composite tube is placed. The joint thus formed prevents any corrosive fluid on the tube side of the joint from coming in contact with any non-compatible material on the shell side of the heat exchanger and also prevents any corrosive fluid on the shell side of the heat exchanger from coming in contact with incompatible material on the tube side of the heat exchanger.

Abstract: An improvement is disclosed to the method of making metallic structures from a plurality of stacked workpieces or blanks by joining first portions, preferably by diffusion bonding, of the stack and by clamping the joined stack at its periphery between forming members and superplastically forming second portions of said plurality of stacked blanks by the selective application of fluid under pressure. The improvement is a method of coupling the fluid to the second portions of the stack which comprises providing a first port through one of the outer blanks at the periphery of the stack. At least one stopoff path is provided for coupling the first port to the second portions of the stacked blanks, which are to be superplastically formed. A second port is provided in one of the forming members, which couples the first port to a source of pressurized fluid.

Abstract: A rapid method for dehydrating a water-sand mixture containing sodium or potassium silicate to produce a strongly bonded sand core is disclosed. The silicate is mixed in a water/silicate ratio of 1.45-3.22:1 and is limited to 0.25-3% of the weight of the mixture. The core box is semi-foraminous and partially transparent to micro-wave energy whereby generated vapor is reduced due to the heated inner surface of the core box (some degree of lossiness) and due to some escape through limited core-box openings. The controlled supersaturated environment about the core serves to prevent micro-porosity and surface defects when controlled micro-wave energy is used to heat cure the mixture. To promote resistance to humidity after curing, the mixture may contain 0.5% zinc oxide, chromic oxide, or aminoaldehyde.

Abstract: A leakproof soldered joint between overlying surfaces of two pieces of metal which are riveted together to bring areas of said surfaces into intimate contact with one another all around the holes through which the rivets pass, said joint being achieved by a method which, before the riveting operation, involves placement of thin washers of solder between said pieces of metal in register with aligning rivet holes therein, to establish a slight space between said pieces, and after the riveting operation, applying molten solder to all of the marginal edges of said overlying surfaces of the two pieces of metal so as to cause it to flow by capillary action between the entire areas of said overlying surfaces, and utilizing the heat of the molten solder to melt said washers and thereby cause molten solder therefrom to flow into any and all interstices between the rivets and the edges of the holes through which they pass.

Abstract: A soldering tool having a handle, a heating element, and a feeder mechanism for feeding wire or strip soldering metal through a passage in the handle arranged as a unit in an attachment piece let into the handle and comprises a manually operated member which can be depressed towards the handle, and a slide which is displaceable in one direction against spring bias by depression of the manuallY operated member. The slide has a driving dog for displacement of the soldering metal together with the slide in said one direction to advance the soldering metal towards the tip of the heating element through a guide tube which is arranged on a bracket supported by the handle, to be adjustable in relation to the heating element. A latch member is arranged to prevent backward movement of the soldering metal at the return of the slide under the spring bias in the other direction.

Abstract: A casting core for an intake pipe assembly for an in-line four to six cylinder internal combustion engine. Core parts for each two similar individual intake pipes form, together with the core parts for the intermediate part of the intake manifold, an integral core segment. The core segments are permanently connected to one another in a vicinity of their core parts for the intake manifold.

Abstract: A composite mold construction for casting on the connector straps, posts, and terminals for lead acid electrical storage batteries wherein the mold cavity areas are alternately heated by direct flame on one face and then chilled by a coolant on their opposite face to freeze metal in the cavities without freezing molten metal flowing in adjacent flow channels. A plurality of mold cavity partition inserts are arranged to be interchangeable in the main mold assembly to enable a single mold assembly to be utilized for several arrangements of battery cells, strappings, and terminals. Thermal distortion of the mating parts is minimized to maintain the junctions between the insert and frame free of leaks by surface geometries which provide broad surfaces of contact drawn together by bolts securing the relatively thin inserts by tapped bores in the more massive primary portions of the mold assembly.

Abstract: Discloses a self-contained and non-polluting mobile ingot extractor having a wheeled undercarriage and drawbar frame with a hitch for towing same. The extractor has longitudinal frame members carrying cross-members which carry stops and a hydraulic ram. The longitudinal axis of the stuck ingot and its mold is horizontally disposed between said stops and ram head of the hydraulic ram. A low volume-high pressure hydraulic pump exerts force through the ram head upon the stuck ingot to remove same from its mold.

Abstract: A method for preventing damage to the strand guide elements of strand guide arrangements or roller aprons of a continuous casting installation for metals, especially steel, wherein it is possible to withdraw a strand which is immobile in the strand guide arrangement or roller apron, by means of a powerful withdrawal unit, without the risk of damaging elements of the strand guide arrangement. At pre-selected locations of the strand guide arrangement there are determined the withdrawal forces effective at such locations and acting upon the elements of the strand guide arrangement. Upon exceeding maximum permissible values the strand withdrawal operation is interrupted.

Abstract: A supporting and guiding stand for a bow-type continuous casting plant comprises exchangeable supporting segments in which the rollers of the oppositely arranged inner and outer guideways are mounted at a distance from one another. The segments are supported on a carrying frame, which advantageously is dividedly designed. On each segment at least one rim-side roller of the outer guideway is detachably fastened to the segment.

Abstract: An improved method is utilized to make a mold for a cast product having a plurality of spaced apart surfaces. Although the method could be used for forming molds for different products, the method is advantageously used to form a mold for a cast product having a plurality of airfoils disposed in a circular array. To form the mold, a plurality of airfoil pattern segments are placed in a circular array with surfaces of the segments abutting at joints which are free of material interconnecting the segments. A coating of liquid ceramic mold material is applied over the airfoil pattern segments. Since the joints between the airfoil pattern segments are free of interconnecting material, the liquid ceramic mold material can flow into the joints. After the ceramic mold material has been dried and the airfoil pattern segments disposed of, the ceramic mold material which entered the joints between the airfoil pattern segments forms a plurality of relatively thin projections from the main wall of the mold.

Abstract: The continuous casting installation is provided with freely rolling rollers which can be releaseably coupled to drive motors to impart a pushing force on the moving slab. The drive motors are mounted on slides which are reciprocated by a piston-cylinder unit. Also, each drive motor can be reciprocated toward and away from a facing roll by another piston-cylinder unit.

Abstract: The freely rolling rolls are provided with distance wheels at the respective ends. Alternating rolls are provided with distance wheels which are fixedly mounted to the roll bodies while the remaining rolls are provided with distance wheels which are rotatably mounted on the roll bodies. The adjacent distance wheels are also provided with interengaging V-shaped grooves and projections for lateral stability of the rolls. The distance wheels provide for a constant uniform spacing of the rolls and maintain the rolls in parallel relation.

Abstract: A method of forming ceramic fiber and metal composite structures is disclosed. The method is particularly useful in forming such structures having a complex shape. Fibers are coated with an investment grade sticky wax as a fugitive organic binder. Aluminium oxide coated with a sticky wax binder have been found to have greater flexibility than the fibers alone or fibers coated with other binders. The coated fibers are then laid up into a preform of the desired shape. The preform is elevated to a moderate temperature prior to pressure compaction. The preform may be combined with other preforms to form a more complex shape. The preform is then installed in a casting mold and elevated to a temperature sufficient to remove the sticky wax binder. Molten metal is then introduced into the mold where it fills the voids created by the removal of the sticky wax. Subsequent to cooling, the fiber and metal composite material is removed from the casting mold.

Abstract: An injection piston for a die casting machine comprising, a piston die having a chamber therein open at one end, a die rod having an end slidable in the chamber for changing the volume thereof. A coolant is supplied to the chamber to act as a damper to the movement of the die rod toward the press die when the injection piston is moved under pressure into a mold. The coolant flows in a coolant path comprising a feed path defined in the die rod and a discharge path at least a portion of which is defined between the press die and the die rod and the rest of which is defined in the die rod. A slidably mounted immersion valve is in the end of the die rod adjacent the chamber and movable into a neutral, a first and a second position for selectively permitting the flow of coolant into and out of the chamber, blocking the flow of coolant altogether and permitting the flow of fluid only out of the chamber depending on the increase of pressure exerted on the injection piston as it is forced into a mold.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for casting a metal article in a mold at least as long as the article, utilizing a cooled mold of elongated form having top and bottom portions. The method includes the steps of introducing molten metal from a source through the bottom portion of the mold, flowing molten metal into the mold so as to form a solidifying casting shell which .Iadd.a .Iaddend.during casting occupies at least 40% of the cross-sectional mold area and .Iadd.a .Iaddend.has a molten core, and flowing molten metal from the source through the core towards the mold top .Iadd.at a filling rate, dependent on the mold cross sectional area, such that the product produced will have a relatively fine grained structure throughout the cross-section thereof.Iaddend..