Abstract: Nozzle apparatus and method for controlling molten metal flow in a bottom pour casting system whereby a fluid passage is defined wherein the flow is controlled to minimize splashing of the molten metal in the molds and the flow distribution is better equalized among a plurality of molds which are being simultaneously charged.

Abstract: The invention concerns the technical problem of providing a simple and reliable apparatus for separating castings from moulds of sand or similar material at the end of a guiding track, on which the moulds with the enclosed castings are advanced step by step towards a knocking-out station. With a view hereto the apparatus comprises a number of possibly interchangeable claws equipped with vibrators which, when moved into the row of moulds, can penetrate the mould sand and be caused to enclose and pinch the outermost casting, whereafter the claws are shifted back to the initial position in which the pair of tongs formed by the claws can open in order to deliver the casting for further treatment. The claws can be specially formed so as to retain possible core sand in the castings.

Abstract: An account is given of a method and apparatus for hardening mold parts, such as mold outer parts or mold cores for making metal castings, by using compressed air for forcing catalyst through the sand of the mold parts for reaction with a binding agent mixed with the sand.

Abstract: A sectional ingot mold formed of a plurality of side wall sections which when assembled define at least the side periphery of a mold cavity, with means coacting on the side wall sections for coupling the wall sections together into an integral unitary ingot mold; said means, providing for automatic compensation for expansion and retraction of the mold assembly sections when molten metal is poured into the ingot mold by providing for expeditious expansion of the mold assembly sections with respect to one another while aiding in sealing the mold sections from leakage of molten metal during the pouring and cooling of the ingot in the mold. In certain embodiments, yieldable gasket material is disposed between the wall sections at their junctions for aiding in preventing leakage of molten metal from the ingot mold assembly during pouring and solidification of an ingot in the mold.

Abstract: A method of producing a fiber reinforced composite article comprising forming a shaped fiber body of predetermined configuration from inorganic fibers, placing a tubular member in the shaped fiber body, the tubular member having an opened end and a plurality of communication ports therein and charging a molten matrix alloy by squeeze casting from the outside of the shaped fiber body and, additionally, from the inside of the shaped fiber body through the tubular member. The article can be a connecting rod of an internal combustion engine and the shaped fiber body can be located at a position corresponding to a rib for reinforcing the connecting rod.

Abstract: A mold filling and compacting method includes forming a compact body of mold substance such as sand in an intermediate container and then abruptly opening the bottom closure of the container while releasing the sand, as a compact mass, so that it drops as a packet into the mold box, compacting itself effectively around a pattern arrangement. Specific techniques for releasing, including sudden lifting, sudden dropping and separating the container parts are disclosed as well as apparatus for performing the method.

Abstract: A centrifugal casting of tubular form exhibiting an outer layer of a heavy (high density) metal having a high melting point, an inner layer of a lighter (low density) lower melting point metal and an intermediate zone where the two metals vary continuously and oppositely as to concentration from the inner layer to the outer layer; in the case of a tube these layers are the inner diameter (I.D.) and the outer diameter (O.D.).

Abstract: A die casting system comprises a machine of the balanced, dual movement type wherein the part is cast and trimmed without any lateral movement. Both halves of the molds or dies are moved equal distances to and from the part plane. The machine incorporates a system of metal injection on the mold parting line with a runner-drain provision; provision for supporting the part at a plurality of points after the die opening; hydraulic fluid volumetric flow reduction; various nozzle configuration options and a heat transfer system for the dies. In addition, a part trimming machine is disclosed together with a cable transfer for moving the part from the casting machine to the trimming machine.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for accurately and quickly adjusting the distance and tilt angle or taper between movable side wall mold plates in adjustable width continuous casting mold sections. A pair of spaced primary mold members with movable side wall mold plates therebetween, form an open ended mold cavity. Each side wall mold plate is connected to upper and lower fixed mold supports by separate upper and lower adjustable length connectors which have their inner ends hinged to the side wall mold plates. Each connector has an axial bore receiving a transducer core for reciprocating movement along a linear path. A cylindrical transducer coil housing in the bore, fixed relative to the mold cavity center, surrounds the movable core. The transducer core has one end anchored to a side wall mold plate.

Abstract: A process for recrystallization of thin strip material includes a device for electromagnetically melting the thin strip material to provide a molten surface layer and a substantially solid core. Apparatus provides relative movement between the thin strip and the device for electromagnetically melting. Also, an apparatus resolidifies the molten surface layer to provide a preferred crystal structure in the thin strip material.

Abstract: To obtain a short adjustment time with small risk of metal break-out, it is intended during the changing of the dimensions of a continuously cast strand to alter during the casting operation i.e. while the pour or teeming operation is in progress, at least during a time interval of the pivotal movement of the mold wall, the mutual relationship of the displacement speeds of two devices for moving the mold wall and the position of the pivot axis of the mold wall is shifted parallel to its starting position.

Abstract: A method and apparatus (10) for the continuous casting of hollow articles (12) provides for the removal of liquid metal (49) from a mold (20) concurrently with the withdrawal of the solidified article (12). Undesirable reaction products, such as oxides, sulfides, and ceramic compositions, are commonly included in cast articles, reducing the mechanical and physical properties of the article and producing a product of inferior quality. The problem is solved by continuously casting molten metal (16) in a vertically oriented mold (20) and draining the contaminate enriched liquid (49) from an upper end (24) of the mold (20), thereby washing undesirable impurities from the freezing zone resulting in a clean, dense hollow article (12) having superior properties. Seamless mechanical tubing suitable for oil field and hydraulic cylinder applications can be produced by this process.

Abstract: A light weight ingot mold mat for receiving molten metal is formed from sheets of metal compatible with the molten metal. The sheets have closely spaced holes therein throughout most of their area so that they are very light and easily crumbled to form a honeycombed structure. The mat is placed on the mold stool and absorbs the force of the molten metal and chills it so that it freezes sufficiently to seal the joint between the stool and mold. The mat is melted and absorbed into the ingot.

Abstract: A hot top consists of a number of sheets of insulating fibrous material. The principally vertical walls of the hot top consist of a number of sheets located close to and joined to one another. When the hot top is placed in an ingot mould, these sheets cover the upper part of the ingot mould walls. The hot top has an upper confinement consisting of one or more sheets of insulating fibrous material which cover the opening formed by the vertical sheets. One or more containers holding additives used in casting are arranged in the space under the confinement. In one preferred embodiment, the walls of the hot top, the upper confinement of the hot top and the hot top containers holding additives form a single unit matched to the dimensions of the ingot mould, so that in a preferred embodiment, the unit is assembled before the hot top is inserted into the ingot mould.

Abstract: A solder delivery system has a continuous element of solder material disposed between two polymeric layers, one of which is provided with window means to control the flow of solder. The layers may be separate pieces, or may be parts of a folded sheet or a tube of polymeric material. In use, the conductors to be soldered are placed on corresponding terminals of a connector body and the system placed in contact with and perpendicular to the conductors, with the side having the window means towards the conductors. On the application of heat and pressure, the solder melts and flows toward the terminals, and solder bridges are prevented by the "window frames" which lie between the terminals.

Abstract: A modified die casting process and machine utilizes a shaped and contained charge of molten metal which is formed and moved proximate the gate runner while the die halves are open. The charge is formed between the shot piston and an ejector side plunger which includes a slave driver rod projecting to engage the shot piston. By confining and compacting the charge, a charge more homogeneous and of uniform temperature is provided. When the die halves close, the shot piston further advances moving the plunger against a stop, retracting the slave driver rod and filling the cavity at the desired flow rate. The cavity is provided with one or more impact absorbing devices positioned in recesses on the parting plane of the die.

Abstract: An improved method of casting an article includes using the same starter element during the casting of a plurality of metal articles. In one specific instance the starter element consisted of a single metal crystal. The single crystal starter element was used to initiate the solidification of molten metal in a mold to form a single crystal cast article. This was done without significant bonding between the solidified metal and the single crystal starter element. Therefore, the starter element could be separated from the solidified body of metal and subsequently used in the casting of another article. In order to tend to maximize the rate of heat transfer from the starter element and to tend to minimize bonding of the molten metal with the starter element, the starter element is advantageously located in a recess in a chill block with an upper surface of the starter element even with an upper surface of the chill block.

Abstract: Continuous metal casting apparatus has an electromagnetic stirrer for molten metal remaining in the cast strand leaving the mold, the stirrer being housed in a water-cooled hollow walled shell having a front wall facing the strand and provided with spray nozzles in an array patterned depending on whether the strand is straight or curved. This wall has been an integral part of the shell, the shell's water supplying the nozzles. To permit the same stirrer and shell to be used for both straight and curved strands, a face plate is made as a separate part removably fastened to the front wall, permitting other plates to be provided for interchange, the plates respectively having arrays of nozzles differently contoured to accommodate straight or curved strands.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for casting a material into a desired thin strip shape. Molten material is formed into the thin strip shape by an electromagnetic containing and forming process. In a first portion the molten material is shaped into the desired thin strip shape and in a second portion upstream of and communicating with the first portion the molten material is electromagnetically contained in a sump. The sump at a top surface thereof has a substantially larger cross-sectional area as compared to a cross-sectional area of the thin strip shape.

Abstract: A hot top lining for use in casting metal ingots is positioned in the mouth of the mould or in a head box at the top of the mould and comprises a plurality of refractory, heat-insulating lining slabs at least one of which has, at its outward-facing surface and adjacent to its lower edge, at least two ribs extending horizontally across the slab to inhibit upward flow of molten metal behind the slab. The ribbed slabs themselves form a part of the invention.