Abstract: A levelling auxiliary for dyeing fibrous material of polyamide fibers with acid dyes in the acid pH range in the presence of a mixture which contains (based on the solids in each case) from 30 to 90% by weight of a surfactant having sulfonic acid groups and from 10 to 70% by weight of an oxyethylated polyamide which has been prepared by the reaction of 1 part by weight of polyamide with from 2.5 to 3.5 parts by weight of ethylene oxide. Level dyeings devoid of streaks are obtained.

Abstract: A new process for the preparation of hardenable phenolic resins which are substantially free from unreacted phenol and unreacted formaldehyde and which liberate at most only trace quantities of formaldehyde on hardening comprises reacting novolaks containing methylene bridges which are substantially free from unreacted phenol with formaldehyde in the presence of from 0.15 to 1 equivalent (based on the number of phenolic hydroxy groups) of a basic catalyst at 20.degree. to 70.degree. C. The phenolic resin products may be used wherever conventional phenolic resins have previously been used, an important application being the preparation of aqueous emulsions for use as coating materials and impregnating agents.

Abstract: The invention relates to reaction products of phenolsulphonic acid-urea-formaldehyde as agents for tanning of skins or leather. They are manufactured from a hydroxyphenylsulphone-hydroxyphenyl-monosulphonic acid which is condensed with an alkoxybenzene, this condensation product being reacted at elevated temperature in an aqueous-acid medium with an urea formaldehyde mixture or with a methylolated urea.

Abstract: A polymeric composition having a polymer content which tends to evolve deleterious acid compounds upon being subjected to elevated temperatues; the composition including selected particle matter which is present in an amount to combine with or otherwise neutralize essentially the entire evolved deleterious compound when the composition is subjected to elevated temperatures; the composition with or without plasticizers being useful as insulation or jacketings for electric wire and cable, as well as diverse molded or extruded products, including disposable items such as packaging or the like.

Abstract: Compositions comprising block copolymer blends including both high molecular weight and low molecular weight selectively hydrogenated block copolymers together with certain blending components, have been found to have improved performance especially for use in footwear articles.

Abstract: Air-drying or heat-curable coating compositions are based on allyl ether group-containing isocyanate adducts which are obtained by reacting isophorone diisocyanate with a polyhydroxy compound to give an intermediate containing free isocyanate groups, and then condensing the intermediate with an hydroxyl group-containing allyl ether of an aliphatic diol or polyol.

Abstract: An improved masterbatch of polymer, oil and carbon black is provided, and a process for the manufacture thereof, in which the polymer contains reactive groups and the masterbatch contains a crosslinking agent reactive with the reactive groups of the polymer in sufficient amount to form a low concentration of crosslinks in order to increase the strength of the polymer, the crosslinks being easily broken by the action of shear and/or heat and reformable thereafter, so that high levels of oil and carbon black can be incorporated into the masterbatch.

Abstract: A novel catalyst combination for the trimerization of polyisocyanates to polyisocyanurates is disclosed. The catalyst combination comprises (i) a tertiary amine trimerization catalyst, (ii) an alkali metal salt of an N-substituted amide, and (iii) a dibutyl tin di(alkanoate) compound. The use of this catalyst combination in the preparation of polyisocyanurate spray foams enables the systems to be sprayed in either a 1:1 or 2:1 by volume ratio, or ratios between these limits interchangably with no alterations being required in reactant formulations. The polyisocyanurate foams produced using the novel catalyst combination of the invention are characterized by having high resistance to flame and heat distortion.

Abstract: Rubber vulcanizates reinforced with siliceous pigment have desirable properties. The addition of a mercapto-type coupling agent hastens curing and strengthens adhesion between the rubber polymer and the silica, but tends to cause premature vulcanization or scorch. The further addition of a thiomorpholine compound such as 4,4'-dithiodimorpholine or 2-(4-morpholinothio)-benzothiazole retards scorch and improves stress/strain properties and abrasion resistance, but affects curing time only moderately.

Abstract: Certain polyolefin-based compositions are readily electroplatable and possess particularly desirable combinations of characteristics. These are blends of specified proportions and types of polypropylene, low polarity rubber, highly conductive carbon black, polyethylene and optional mineral additives. The compositions permit direct electroplating to give highly decorative, adherent, plated surfaces.

Abstract: Dry food quality protein and lactose powders are produced from cheese whey by sequential ultrafiltration processes, each of which removes as permeate substantial amounts of water and dissolved solids from the respective concentrates. In the initial protein recovery process, the concentrated protein fraction is pasteurized to inhibit bacterial growth and is evaporated to produce a protein substance which is palatable, highly soluble in water and rich in essential amino acids. The lactose concentration step produces a fine quality sweetner of excellent solubility and food value. Temperatures and pressures are carefully controlled in the first two processing operations. A third operation removes additional solid material which can be easily disposed of and a fourth operation reduces the BOD of the remaining liquid fraction to the point that it can be discharged into rivers or streams.

Abstract: Textile fibers or filaments prepared from polyesters modified with a minor proportion of 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine groups attached through oxyalkylene linkages to ends of linear polyester polymer chains have improved dyeability with acid dyes. A variety of alkylene oxide condensates of tetramethylpiperidine compounds are shown to have adequate heat-stability and compatibility for incorporating in polyesters under conditions of condensation polymerization to form desirable products.

Abstract: This invention relates to pressurized dispensers such as aerosol containers. The invention provides such dispensers containing a reservoir of an organic substance which dissolves at least 15% of its own weight of propellant at room temperature, the reservoir being capable of releasing the dissolved propellant on dispensing the contents of the container. The organic substance is an extended rubber. Various organic substances can be used to extend the rubber, and various rubbers can be extended. The extenders are generally less expensive than the unextended rubbers, and the extended rubbers can often dissolve as much, or in some cases more propellant than the same weight of unextended rubber. This provides a cost advantage over unextended rubbers. The reservoirs enable the head-space pressure in the dispenser to be maintained substantially constant throughout dispenser life, and foams, for example, of substantially constant density to be obtained.

Abstract: Textile fibers or filaments having improved dyeability are prepared from linear polyesters modified with a minor proportion of 2,2,6,6,-tetramethylpiperidine groups attached in the polymer chain through oxyalkylene linkages at the 1 and 4 positions of the piperidine ring. Alkylene oxide condensates of 2,2,6,6,-tetramethylpiperidine glycols are shown to have adequate heat-stability and compatibility for incorporating in polyesters under conditions of condensation polymerization to form modified polyesters suitable for melt-spinning into desirable products.

Abstract: A urethane composition comprising as a base compound a polyol and/or an isocyanate-reactive tar, and as a curing agent a liquid product of a toluene diisocyanate tar occurring as a by-product in the preparation of toluene diisocyanate obtained by dissolving or dispersing the toluene diisocyanate tar in an aromatic solvent having a boiling point at atmospheric pressure of at least 200.degree. C and a method for producing the liquid toluene diisocyanate tar product.

Abstract: Discrete, finely divided, tack-free elastomer particles are prepared from a filler-containing aqueous elastomer emulsion containing an aqueous emulsion of an elastomer dissolved in a volatile inert organic solvent having an emulsifying amount of a quaternary ammonium salt cationic surfactant and an aqueous suspension or dispersion of a solid, finely divided elastomer filler, which process comprises gradually introducing the filler-containing aqueous elastomer emulsion into an aqueous alkali silicate solution while maintaining said solution at a pH greater than 2 and simultaneously evaporating the organic solvent to form discrete, finely divided, tack-free elastomer particles.The process can be applied to solid elastomers or to post-polymerization elastomer solutions, and is particularly suitable for preparing pourable, carbon black containing elastomer particles to be formed into shaped objects.

Abstract: Butyl rubber or EPDM elastomer latices having excellent mechanical stability are prepared by emulsifying the elastomer cement (hydrocarbon solution) with water, a water-soluble soap of a fatty acid containing 12 to 24 carbon atoms using an alkali metal or ammonium radical to form the soap and a second stabilizer additive which is an alkali metal, ammonium or amine salt of a long chain alpha olefin polymeric or copolymeric substituted organic aliphatic mono or dicarboxylic acid or anhydride thereof of a number average molecular weight between about 500 and about 3500 and thereafter removing the hydrocarbon solvent therefrom by flashing the same off by steam or vacuum distillation or other suitable solvent separation method.

Abstract: A very useful thermoplastic elastomer can be made by reacting, at an elevated temperature, (A) a suitable alpha-olefin copolymer elastomer (e.g., a copolymer of ethylene, propylene and a suitable diene) having carboxylic acid groups, and (B) a rosin salt of a divalent or monovalent metal.

Abstract: Viscosity index modifiers are added to oil-extended, flame-retarded rubber to increase the flash point of the extending oil and enhance the effects of the flame retardant and thereby lower the flammability of the rubber composition. The modifiers have an aliphatic non-polar backbone containing pendant carboxyl groups.

Abstract: Disclosed is a correction fluid for use in obscuring mistakes on certain typewritten or printed documents. The fluid comprises a liquid, highly halogenated ethane containing at least one fluorine substituent as solvent, an opacifying pigment and an organic resin as binder for the pigment.