Abstract: Groups of correlated representations of variables are identified from a large amount of spectrometry data. A plurality of samples is analyzed and a plurality of measured variables is obtained from a spectrometer. A processor executes a number of steps. The plurality of measured variables is divided into a plurality of measured variable subsets. Principal component analysis followed by variable grouping (PCVG) is performed on each measured variable subset, producing one or more group representations for each measured variable subset and a plurality of group representations for the plurality of measured variable subsets. While the total number of the plurality of group representations is greater than a maximum number, the plurality of group representations is divided into a plurality of representative subsets and PCVG is performed on each subset. PCVG is performed on the remaining the plurality of group representations, producing a plurality of groups of correlated representations of variables.

Abstract: A semiconductor wafer inspection device which identifies an operator when an operation is performed and checks if the requested operation is permitted is provided. In a device that has already performed an operator authentication, the operator identification is further carried out when a particular operation is requested. If the operation requested is a permitted one, it is executed even if requested by an operator different from the one previously authenticated. The history of operations and the change history of in-device data are recorded and displayed. The operator authentication is performed only when necessary.

Abstract: When a target substance's composition formula is deduced by using a mass spectrometer, if the target substance's composition formula is deduced based on an MSn spectrum and candidates are found, a composition formula candidate list including all the composition formula candidates is created, and the list is displayed in a list format. The composition formula candidates are narrowed down based on the MSn spectrum by an MS2 analysis or MS3 analysis. If there is a candidate to be excluded, the composition formula candidate list is updated, and the excluded candidate is moved to the exclusion list. Accompanying this, a composition formula candidate table is displayed in a list format on the display window. In this table, the composition formula candidates included in the exclusion list and the remaining composition formula candidates in the composition formula candidate list are simultaneously displayed with different colors so that they are visually discriminable.

Abstract: Implementations of the present disclosure provide for determining an encoding type of data. Implementations include receiving a data set from a computer-readable storage medium, decoding the data set using a first encoding type to provide a first plurality of numbers, generating a first distribution based on the first plurality of numbers, decoding the data set using a second encoding type to provide a second plurality of numbers, and generating a second distribution based on the second plurality of numbers. An actual encoding type of the data set is determined based on the first distribution, the second distribution and an expected distribution, and the data set is processed based on the actual encoding type.

Abstract: The invention provides an apparatus and a method for measuring a dimension of a circular object. First to third sensors arranged in a straight line are disposed above a track to respectively measure time instants when the circular object moves past the first to third sensors. The dimension of the circular object is calculated according to distances between the first and second sensors and between the second and third sensors.

Abstract: A method for Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) sample creation. The use of a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)—Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope (STEM) detector in the dual-beam focused ion beam (FIB)/SEM allows a sample to be thinned using the FIB, while the STEM signal is used to monitor sample thickness. A preferred embodiment of the present invention can measure the thickness of or create TEM samples by using a precise endpoint detection method. Preferred embodiments also enable automatic endpointing during TEM lamella creation and provide users with direct feedback on sample thickness during manual thinning. Preferred embodiments of the present invention thus provide methods for endpointing sample thinning and methods to partially or fully automate endpointing.

Abstract: A measurement apparatus that measures, as an error under measurement, at least one of a gain error and a phase error of a quadrature demodulator or a quadrature modulator as a measurement target. The measurement apparatus includes an output control section that causes the measurement target to output a signal, a detecting section that detects a measured signal representing a real component and an imaginary component of the signal output from the measurement target, and a calculating section that calculates, as the gain error or the phase error, a solution for a variable that maximizes a correlation value between the measured signal detected by the detecting section and an ideal signal that includes the error under measurement as the variable and that represents the measured signal that should be output by the measurement target.

Abstract: A power measurement and calibration system provides power and line frequency measurements by using a bandpass filter having complex voltage and current outputs from which real and imaginary power components can be determined. Calibration of the filter may be omitted if a complex wavelet filter is used to implement the bandpass filter and a determination of line frequency can also be provided for downstream use. A processor receiving data from the output of the filter can compute real and imaginary power, power factor and the line frequency. The filter may be implemented by a processor executing program instructions, or a digital circuit implementing the filter and optionally a CORDIC rotator for computing the current-to-voltage phase relationship can provide input to the processor for power measurement and calibration of the sample rate to line frequency relationship and for other uses.

Abstract: Various embodiments provide an apparatus and method for visualizing environmental conditions in a data center using wireless sensor networks. An example embodiment includes: establishing communication with a plurality of networked environmental sensors deployed at particular points in one of a plurality of pre-defined layers for a facility; periodically obtaining measured environmental data values from each of the plurality of networked environmental sensors using a wireless sensor network; using the measured environmental data values at the particular points to extrapolate computed environmental data values at intermediate points in the facility; and using the measured environmental data values and the computed environmental data values to generate a visualization of environmental conditions in the facility.

Abstract: Various embodiments of an oil monitoring apparatus are provided. In one embodiment, an oil monitoring apparatus includes a probe and an analyzing module in-line connected to the probe. The probe includes: a first sensor for measuring respective optical intensities of a light passing through the oil at respective red, green and blue wavelength ranges; a second sensor for measuring a water content; and a third sensor for measuring a temperature of the oil. The analyzing module calculates and monitors chemical deterioration of the oil, total contamination of the oil, a relative saturation of the oil by water and temperature of the oil based on the output signals of the first and third sensors. The oil monitoring apparatus monitors various parameters relating to the deterioration of the oil and to the physical properties of the oil.

Abstract: Provided is a semiconductor test apparatus that tests a device under test, comprising a test unit that tests a device under test; and a serial transmitting section that transmits transmission data back and forth between the test unit and a control section controlling the test unit. The serial transmitting section includes a data sending section that sends a plurality of pieces of the transmission data in a predetermined order; a resending control section that resends the transmission data; and an expected acknowledgement ID storage section that stores an expected acknowledgement ID indicating identification data that is expected to be attached to an acknowledgement signal received on a transmission side. The resending control section judges whether resending is necessary based on (i) whether resend count information indicates that a piece of transmission data is resent data and (ii) the expected acknowledgment ID in the expected acknowledgement ID storage section.

Abstract: Real-time battery impedance spectrum is acquired using a one-time record. Fast Summation Transformation (FST) is a parallel method of acquiring a real-time battery impedance spectrum using a one-time record that enables battery diagnostics. An excitation current to a battery is a sum of equal amplitude sine waves of frequencies that are octave harmonics spread over a range of interest. A sample frequency is also octave and harmonically related to all frequencies in the sum. The time profile of this signal has a duration that is a few periods of the lowest frequency. The voltage response of the battery, average deleted, is the impedance of the battery in the time domain. Since the excitation frequencies are known and octave and harmonically related, a simple algorithm, FST, processes the time record by rectifying relative to the sine and cosine of each frequency. Another algorithm yields real and imaginary components for each frequency.

Abstract: Sensors and techniques for an automated data acquisition and notification system having a plurality of receptacles adapted to store items. In each of the plurality of receptacles, at least one sensor is operated to detect a presence of an item in that receptacle. Light is emitted from a planar surface within the receptacle to a space within the receptacle opposite the planar surface. While that light is emitted light incident on the planar surface is detected. A determination is made whether an amount of light that is detected is significant to indicate a presence of the item.

Abstract: A method determines a transient response of a sample. The method includes providing a measured magnitude of the Fourier transform of a complex electric field temporal profile of a pulse sequence comprising a first pulse indicative of the transient response of the sample and a second pulse. The method further includes providing an estimated phase term of the Fourier transform of the complex electric field temporal profile of the pulse sequence. The method further includes multiplying the measured magnitude and the estimated phase term to generate an estimated Fourier transform of the complex electric field temporal profile of the pulse sequence. The method further includes calculating an inverse Fourier transform of the estimated Fourier transform, wherein the inverse Fourier transform is a function of time. The method further includes calculating an estimated complex electric field temporal profile of the pulse sequence by applying at least one constraint to the inverse Fourier transform.

Abstract: Embodiments of a computer system, a method, an integrated circuit and a computer-program product (i.e., software) for use with the computer system are described. These devices and techniques may be used to analyze an electrical characteristic of a logic gate electrically coupled to an output network in a stage. In particular, during the analysis, the effective capacitance of an output network coupled to a logic gate is approximated as a function of a total resistance of the output network, a total capacitance of the output network, and a geometric parameter of the output network. Using the effective capacitance and other parameters, such as a slew rate of an electrical signal applied to an input of the logic gate, an electrical characteristic of the logic gate, such as an input capacitance, is determined.

Abstract: The failure of an upstream filtration membrane, or the presence of a foulant in a fluid is detected using a membrane-based detector. The fluid or an effluent from the filtration membrane is directed to permeate through a first permeable membrane, and from the first membrane to permeate through a second permeable membrane. A ratio between (P1-P2) and (P2-P3) is determined, where P1 is a first pressure at a feed side of the first membrane, P2 is a second pressure between the first and second membranes, and P3 is a third pressure at a permeate side of the second membrane. The ratio is correlated with the failure of the filtration membrane, or with the presence of the foulant.

Abstract: An apparatus for evaluating a system. The apparatus can include a storage element for receiving at least one time-varying output characteristic of the system, the time-varying output characteristic comprising a plurality of raw data points representing a plurality of measurements at a plurality of times; and a processing element communicatively coupled to the storage element. The processing element can be configured for partitioning the plurality of raw data points into a plurality of segments, calculating a plurality of estimated data points based on a plurality of mathematical expressions, and characterizing the system based on at least one figure of merit (FOM) computed from the plurality of estimated data points. In the apparatus, at least one of the plurality of mathematical expressions is associated with each of the plurality of segments.

Abstract: A chamber monitoring system may include a parallel architecture in which a single sensor control system is coupled to a number of different processing chamber control board sensor lines. In an illustrative embodiment, a single rotation sensor such as a tachometer may reside in a central control unit remote from the processing chambers such that rotation data may be processed by a single system and thereafter routed according to a variety of different network communication protocols to the main system controller, a factory interface, or both. In this and other embodiments, pull-up networks in the central control unit and the chamber control boards are matched so as to reduce electrical signal anomalies such as crowbar effects. The central control unit may be programmed via a main system controller to operate according to user defined parameters, which in turn may enable the system to differentiate between certain operating states.

Abstract: In order to detect, localize and interpret a partial discharge occurring in a partial discharge site along an electrical equipment, two measurement probes and a synchronization probe are installed along the electrical equipment. The measurement probes detect pulses travelling in the electrical equipment while the synchronization probe detects a phase angle in the electrical equipment and is usable for calibration purposes. A control unit receives the signals sensed by the probes and conditions them. Digital processing applied on the conditioned signals, involving their correlation, a time-frequency distribution and a form factor estimation, allows establishing a diagnosis indicating a detection of a partial discharge and its localization along the electrical equipment. A wideband magnetic probe may be provided for detecting the pulses traveling in the electrical equipment.

Abstract: Methods of monitoring one or more electronic displays are disclosed. A method may include performing at least one diagnostic operation on at least one electronic display having at least one camera, a display element, and a display server. Further, the method may include transmitting data relating to the at least one diagnostic operation to a network remote from the at least one electronic display. Additionally, the method may include displaying the data within the remote network.