Abstract: A feedstock for carbon artifact manufacture is obtained by heat soaking a steam cracker tar or component thereof in a hydrogen atmosphere and thereafter removing 10% to 50% of the oils present therein, if any.

Abstract: A feedstock for carbon artifact manufacture is obtained from a steam cracker tar by heat soaking the steam cracker tar or a vacuum stripped steam cracker tar with a polycondensed aromatic oil thereby providing a pitch suitable for carbon artifact manufacture.

Abstract: The nitrogen-containing and oxygen-containing contaminants of a mineral oil are converted to the corresponding sulfur compounds by contacting the oil with a fresh catalyst containing metals from Groups VB, VIB and VIII or a deactivated and metals contaminated hydrodesulfurization catalyst in the presence of hydrogen and hydrogen sulfide under conditions of elevated temperature and pressure.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for decarbonization-demetallization of a poor quality residual oil feed boiling above about 650.degree. F. and comprising substantial Conradson carbon components to provide a higher grade of oil feed by contacting the poor quality oil feed with sorbent particle material containing one or more metal additives selected to catalyze the endothermic removal of coke with CO.sub.2. Sorbent decarbonization conditions are selected so that substantial quantities of carbonaceous material and metals are deposited on the sorbent in the decarbonizing zone. Sorbent material with metals and hydrocarbonaceous deposits is regenerated in the presence of an oxygen and carbon dioxide containing gas streams in separate sorbent regeneration zones at a temperature sufficiently elevated to remove residual coke to a desired low level. Regenerated sorbent particle material at an elevated temperature below about 1500.degree. F.

Abstract: A process for recovering bitumem from oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions is disclosed wherein water soluble demulsifiers are used. These demulsifiers are water soluble polyethers prepared by the reaction between certain diepoxides and poly(ethyleneoxy) glycols. To resolve the bituminous petroleum emulsions, the process is carried out between 25.degree. and 160.degree. C. wherein the demulsifier of the invention is contacted with the bituminous emulsion.

Abstract: A novel process for separating high viscosity bitumen from tar sand. The process includes grinding the tar sand to obtain phase disengagement of the bitumen phase from the sand phase and thereafter using flotation techniques to obtain phase separation of the bitumen phase from the sand phase. Phase disengagement is assisted by using a suitable wetting agent during the crushing step while the phase separation step is assisted by the inclusion of a promoter oil for the flotation step.

Abstract: A process for reclaiming spent oil comprises the steps of removing water and light hydrocarbons, thermally treating the stripped oil, extracting it with a supercritical gas to insolubilize impurities and additives, separating the gas-rich fractions from the oil-depleted gas fractions, expanding the insoluble fractions, separating the additives and impurities, separating the various hydrocarbon fractions according to the respective viscosities, compressing and recycling the gas phases and withdrawing the residue and the oil fractions according to the respective viscosities.

Abstract: A composition and method for reducing the pour point of syncrude, such as those from oil shale, tar sands, oil-impregnated diatomite ore, or coal, by adding thereto an effective amount of a nitrogen-containing compound such as ammonia, ammonium hydroxide or a primary, secondary or tertiary water-soluble aliphatic amine or alkanolamine having one or more alkyl groups containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms.

Abstract: Coal tar pitch is contacted with a promoter liquid having a 5 volume percent distillation temperature of at least 250.degree. F. and a 95 volume percent distillation temperature of at least 350.degree. F. and no greater than about 750.degree. F. with the liquid having a characterization factor of at least 9.75 to promote the separation of quinoline insolubles from the pitch. A coat tar pitch fraction essentially free of quinoline insolubles is then subjected to coking to produce a needle coke. The process is also applicable to separation of quinoline insolubles from coal tar derived binder pitch.

Abstract: A process for recovering bitumen from oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions is disclosed wherein water soluble demulsifiers are used. These demulsifiers are ionenes prepared generally by reaction of ditertiary amines and dihalides. To resolve the bituminous petroleum emulsions, the process is carried out between 25.degree. and 160.degree. C. wherein the demulsifier of the invention is contacted with the bituminous emulsion.

Abstract: Water is removed from an alkaline solution used to extract mercaptans from a hydrocarbon stream by contacting a portion of the alkaline solution with a warm hydrocarbon vapor stream. The portion is removed from an extraction zone and reintroduced into an oxidation zone. This process flow arrangement has operational and cost advantages compared to removal from a settling zone and passage of the stripped warm alkaline solution into the extraction zone.

Abstract: A catalyst and process for the selective hydrogenation of acetylene, said catalyst comprising palladium and silver with the palladium concentrated as a skin and the silver distributed throughout.

Abstract: A coal-based heavy oil is refined so as to remove quinoline insolubles and provide a hydrocarbon product suitable for making carbon stocks by heating to remove the volatile components which have boiling points ranging from the initial boiling point of the heavy oil to up to at least 200.degree. C. and at most 270.degree. C., thereby leaving a residual coal-based heavy oil, the residual coal-based heavy oil is mixed with a ketone-type solvent having a boiling point less than 200.degree. C. to form an insoluble precipitate (including quinoline insolubles) and a supernatent, the supernatent is treated to recover the ketone-type solvent, and the remaining hydrocarbon mixture is easily processed by vacuum distillation to produce a hydrocarbon product suitable for making carbon stocks.

Abstract: An extended drain 5W-40 motor oil composition for internal combustion engines comprises a base oil component of one or more solvent extracted mineral oils and a high refractory mineral oil, a V.I. improver, and preferably other suitable lube oil additives. The finished oil formulation has characteristics of minimal viscosity at low temperatures, low volatility at higher temperatures, and stable viscosity over extended use.

Abstract: A process for recovering bitumen from oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions is disclosed wherein water soluble demulsifiers are used. These demulsifiers are water soluble salts of polymers prepared by the reaction between certain polyoxyalkylene diamines with diepoxides. To resolve the bituminous petroleum emulsions, the process is carried out between 25.degree. and 160.degree. C. wherein the demulsifier of the invention is contacted with the bituminous emulsion.

Abstract: The production of oil by retorting shale and other hydrocarbonaceous and lignocellulosic solid materials is facilitated by retorting in the presence of steam and acetic acid.

Abstract: A catalyst support is prepared from a composite comprising alumina and one or more oxides of phosphorous by forming the composite into a shaped support material having at least 0.8 cc/gm of its pore volume in pores having diameters of 0 nm (0 A) to 120 nm (1,200 A) and at least 0.1 cc/gm of its pore volume in pores having diameters of 120 nm (1,200 A) to 5,000 nm (50,000 A) and heating said shaped support material in the presence of steam at sufficient elevated temperature, steam pressure, and time period to increase the average pore diameter of said shaped support in the absence of any appreciable reduction in pore volume.A catalyst is prepared by impregnating the steam-treated support with at least one hydrogenating metal.The catalyst can be used suitably in hydrocarbon conversion processes, such as a process for the hydrodemetallization of a hydrocarbon stream containing asphaltenes and a substantial amount of metals.

Abstract: Hydrorefining of a hydrocarbon charge of high metal content with a catalyst containing alumina, a metal from group VI and a metal from the iron group, of a specific surface from 120 to 200 m.sup.2 /g, a total pore volume from 0.8 to 1.2 cc/g and a pore distribution as follows:0 to 10% of pores smaller than 100 A35 to 60% of pores from 100 to 600 A35 to 55% of pores greater than 600 A,including 10 to 25% of pores greater than 10,000 A, said catalyst optionally containing additionally an alkaline-earth metal.

Abstract: An asphaltene-containing residual hydrocarbon oil is deasphalted by means of a light hydrocarbon solvent. Heating of the resultant asphaltic phase for solvent removal is effected by heat exchange with the deasphalted oil previously subjected to sufficient heating in a furnace heated by flame. Fouling of the plant is thus avoided.

Abstract: An integrated method for refining a hydrocarbon distillate fraction such as kerosene which has sulfur-containing compounds by washing the fraction with an alkaline solution and then sweetening the resulting distillate by treating it with a phthalocyanine catalyst in the presence of a second alkaline solution and oxygen while simultaneously disposing of the spent caustic from the washing by incinerating same in the presence of a sulfur-containing fuel and oxygen to yield harmless sulfates.