Abstract: A novel pyridine derivative which, when added to liquid crystal substances, can improve various specific features required for the resulting liquid crystal compositions, and a liquid crystal composition containing the same are provided, which pyridine derivative is expressed by the formula ##STR1## wherein W represents H or F; X, F, Cl or alkyl or alkoxy of 1.about.10 C; ##STR2## n, 0 or 1; Y, CN or alkyl or alkoxy of 1.about.10 C; Z, F, Cl or H; and when Z is F or Cl, Y is limited to CN, excluding certain identified compounds.

Abstract: The invention relates to bisimidazolium salts whose imidazole moieties are linked to each other through a bridge in the 1-position and which contain, in the 3-position, fibre-reactive groups formed by the addition of epihalohydrin.These bisimidazolium salts are particularly suitable for improving the yield and wetfastness properties of dyeings or prints which are produced on cellulosic fabrics with anionic dyes, for example with reactive or direct dyes.

Abstract: Cardiovascular activity is exhibited by compounds having the formula ##STR1## and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof wherein X is oxygen or sulfur;R.sub.1 is alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl --(CH.sub.2).sub.n --Y.sub.2, --(CH.sub.2).sub.p --Y.sub.3 or halo substituted alkyl;R.sub.2 is hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, --(CH.sub.2).sub.n --Y.sub.1, or halo substituted alkyl;R.sub.3 is hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, heterocyclo, --(CH.sub.2).sub.n --Y.sub.2, --(CH.sub.2).sub.p --Y.sub.3, or halo substituted alkyl;R.sub.4 is aryl or heterocyclo;Y.sub.1 is cycloalkyl, aryl, heterocyclo, hydroxyl, alkoxy, aryl--(CH.sub.2).sub.m --O--, mercapto, alkylthio, aryl--(CH.sub.2).sub.m --S--, amino, substituted amino, carbamoyl ##STR2## Y.sub.2 is cycloalkyl, aryl, heterocyclo, carbamoyl, ##STR3## Y.sub.3 is hydroxyl, alkoxy, aryl--(CH.sub.2).sub.m --O--, mercapto, alkylthio, aryl--(CH.sub.2).sub.

Abstract: This invention discloses a process for producing 2,6-bis (4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-3,7-dioxabicyclo [3.3.0] octane, i.e. syringaresinol and stereo-isomers thereof, from plants which contain lignin with syringyl unit. The process comprises heating plant under pressure in hydrous condition, and then quickly discharging them therefrom into an environment at atmospheric pressure so as to explode into pieces and subjecting the fine pieces to extraction with organic solvent such as methanol and acetone or an alkaline solution such as sodium hydroxide and purification. Syringaresinols are useful like ginseng as a tonic.

Abstract: Zwitterionic bicyclic compounds are disclosed which are useful as anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory and/or cytoprotective agents. Pharmaceutical compositions and methods of treatment employing such compounds are also disclosed.

Abstract: A biologically active compound can be solubilized by reaction in different sequences to form a derivative carrying the active moiety, a linking group such as an optionally substituted diisocyanate radical, a polyether moiety such as a polyoxyethylene radical, and a terminal group such as a butyl radical, e.g. ##STR1## n=1 to 400. The active materials can be agricultural chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and the like.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel homopropargylamines of formula I ##STR1## wherein n is 2 or 3,R.sub.1 is a group of formula IIa, IIb or IIc ##STR2## in which R.sub.6 and R.sub.7 independently are H, halogen, CF.sub.3, lower alkyl or lower alkoxy,s is a number of 3 to 5,X is O, S, OCH.sub.2, SCH.sub.2, CH.sub.2 or NR.sub.8, andR.sub.8 is H or lower alkyl,R.sub.2 is H or lower alkyl, eitherR.sub.3 and R.sub.4, independently, are H or lower alkyl, orR.sub.3 and R.sub.4 together are (CH.sub.2).sub.u, in which u is a number of 3 to 5, andR.sub.5 is H, alkenyl or is a group selected from alkyl, trialkylsilyl, dialkylphenylsilyl, phenyl, phenylalkyl and cycloalkyl, in which alkyl, phenyl and cycloalkyl groups or moieties are unsubstituted or substituted by OH, lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, phenyl or halogen,in free base form or acid addition salt form thereof, their preparation, their chemotherapeutical and agricultural use and to compositions comprising such novel compounds and suitable for such use.

Abstract: There is provided a process for the production of alkyl-thiolhydroxamates in high yields and purity. The reaction is effected by contacting a hydroxylamine salt and an S-alkyl thiolimidic ester salt in a suitable solvent in the presence of an ammonium, alkali or alkaline earth metal carbonate or bicarbonate at a low pH and at a temperature in the 25.degree.-50.degree. C. range until the reaction is complete, and recovering the desired product.

Abstract: Metal values are extracted from aqueous solutions of metal salts containing halide or pseudo halide ions by pyridine derivatives containing the substituent --(COX).sub.A where X is the group --OR.sub.1 or --NR.sub.2 R.sub.3 and n is 1, 2 or 3. R.sub.1 is a hydrocarbyl group containing from 5 to 36 carbon atoms and R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group wherein R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 together contain from 5 to 36 carbon atoms. The process is especially useful for the recovery of metals from leach solutions derived from sulphur-containing ores such as chalcopyrite.

Abstract: A guanidine derivative of the formula I: ##STR1## in which R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, ring X and D are a variety of radicals defined in the specification and A is a 3-8C alkylene chain which is substituted by a hydroxy radical and into which is optionally inserted, as part of the backbone of the chain, one or two groups selected from oxygen and sulphur atoms and NH and 1-6C N-alkyl radicals; and the pharmaceutically-acceptable acid additions salts thereof. Pharmaceutical compositions and methods of manufacture are also described. The compound of the formula I is a histamine H-2 antagonist and is therefore useful in ulcer therapy.

Abstract: Octahydroindolizine compounds of formula (I): ##STR1## wherein Q is --NR--, --(CH.sub.2).sub.z --, --CH.dbd.CH--, --C.tbd.C--, --OCH.sub.2 --, --SCH.sub.2 --, --SO.sub.2 --, --SO--, --CO--, or an oxygen or a sulfur atom and where R, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are substituents such as alkyl and x, y and z are independently the integers 0-3. Also, pharmaceutical compositions containing (I), intermediates and methods for treating pain.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is hydrogen, alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms or phenyl(alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms);R.sub.2 is hydrogen, alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms or phenyl(alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms);R.sub.3 is hydrogen or alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms;n and m are each independently 0, 1 or 2, the sum of n and m being 1 or 2;X, Y and Z are each independently oxygen, sulfur, --NR.sub.4 --, .dbd.CR.sub.5 --, --CHR.sub.5 --, ##STR2## provided that only one of X, Y and Z is O, S ##STR3## and one or two of X, Y and Z are --NR.sub.4 --; R.sub.4 is hydrogen or alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms; andR.sub.5 is hydrogen or, together with a vicinal radical R.sub.5, a phenyl ring, or when m and n are both 1, the dihydro form with its double bond in conjugation with the C-terminal carboxylic group;or a non-toxic, pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof. The compounds as well as their salts are useful as antihypertensives.

Abstract: Herbicidally effective 1-aryl-4-nitropyrazoles of the general formula (I) ##STR1## in which Hal represents halogen,R.sup.1 and R.sup.3 independently of one another represent cyano, nitro, halogen, alkyl, alkoxy, alkoxycarbonyl, halogenoalkyl, halogenoalkoxy or a radial --S(O).sub.n --R.sup.6 andR.sup.2, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 independently of one another and independently of R.sup.1 and R.sup.3 represent the same radicals as R.sup.1 and R.sup.3, and additionally represent hydrogen,and whereinR.sup.6 represents alkyl, halogenoalkyl, amino, alkylamino or dialkylamino and n-represents the number 0, 1 or 2 are disclosed.

Abstract: Novel xanthones and thioxanthones of the formula I ##STR1## in which A, X, Y, Z, E and E' are as defined in patent claim 1, are described. A is preferably --S-- and E and E' are preferably bonded in the ortho-position relative to one another. The compounds (I) are suitable, for example, as sensitizers for photocrosslinkable polymers or photocurable compositions, or for use in mixtures with polymers with H donor groups for image formation, in particular electrically conductive coatings and patterns, by means of electroless deposition of metals.

Abstract: 3,5-Dichloro-2-pyridone is produced by chlorination starting from 6-hydroxynicotinic acid.

Abstract: This invention relates to aminoalkylphenoxyalkyl substituted heterocycles. These compounds antagonize the action of histamine on histamine H.sub.2 -receptors in the brain. A compound of the invention is 2-[3-[3-(piperidinomethyl)phenoxy]propylamino]benzthiazole.

Abstract: This invention relates to compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 represents lower alkyl, phenyl, or phenyl lower alkyl; R.sub.2 represents lower alkyl; and R.sub.5 represents lower alkyl. These compounds are useful as intermediates in the preparation of collagenase inhibiting compounds which are useful in the treatment of arthritis and are of the formula ##STR2## wherein R.sub.1 represents lower alkyl, phenyl or phenyl lower alkyl; R.sub.2 and R.sub.4 represent lower alkyl; and R.sub.3 represents lower alkyl, benzyloxyalkyl, alkoxybenzyl or benzyloxybenzyl wherein the oxyalkyl or alkoxy moiety contain 1 to 6 carbon atoms; and a, b, and c represent chiral centers with optional R or S stereochemistry.

Abstract: A novel apparatus and a process for fluorinating organic compounds from halogen-containing organic compounds is disclosed.

Abstract: The invention concerns novel compounds of the formula I ##STR1## wherein: A, B, D and E are selected from CH, N and N-Z wherein Z is selected from oxygen and the group YAn wherein Y is selected from alkyl and benzyl and An is an anion, and provided that no more than three of A, B, D and E are selected from N and N-Z and no more than one of A, B, D and E is selected from N-Z;W is a saturated or unsaturated C.sub.2 to C.sub.5 hydrocarbon chain;X and X.sup.1 are independently selected from halogen, nitro, cyano, alkyl, substituted alkyl, hydroxy, alkoxy, substituted alkoxy, alkenyl, alkenyloxy, alkynyl, alkynyloxy, acyloxy, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, sulfamoyl, substituted sulfamoyl, alkanoyloxy, benzyloxy, substituted benzyloxy, amino, substituted amino and the groups formyl and alkanoyl and the oxime, imine and Schiff base derivatives thereof, or two of X.sup.1 on the same carbon atom may form an oxo group;R.sup.

Abstract: Substituted quinoline, [1,5]- and [1,8]-naphthyridine and pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazine derivatives are anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective agents. Methods for their preparation and use are disclosed.