Abstract: An unstable heavy hydrocarbon fraction obtained by pyrosis is reacted with hydrogen in contact with three successive catalysts:(a) a group VIII metal catalyst(b) a catalyst comprising nickel and tungsten compounds, and(c) a catalyst comprising alumina, a group VIII noble metal and fluorine or chlorine.

Abstract: A method for the solidification and containment of sludge from an oil reclaiming process to permit environmentally safe storage disposal of the sludge and particularly electric transformer oil containing PCB's. In the process, the sludge or oil is mixed with fuller's earth in a weight ratio of at least 40:60 of fuller's earth to sludge or oil. The fuller's earth has a particle size not greater than -4 mesh to 0 mesh range and a moisture content of less than 12%. The mixture is allowed to harden to a paste like solid material and conveyed to a conventional land fill storage disposal site.

Abstract: Thermal cracking of hydrocarbons by the introduction of liquid feedstock into a stream of hot gaseous combustion products, the method comprising introducing and mixing said liquid as at least one stream in said hot gaseous combustion product stream while concurrently surrounding and shrouding each of said liquid streams with a co-injected annular stream of gas having a velocity sufficient to supplement momentum without substantial dilution of the combustion product stream.

Abstract: A simplified, essentially maintenance-free yet highly efficient distillation tower and method for waste oil rerefining is provided which allows direct vacuum distillation of additive-supplemented waste oils without chemical pretreatment thereof and yields a highly refined intermediate oil suitable for immediate use or final polishing, along with a valuable bottoms fraction usable in greases or asphalts, for example. The tower includes an upright, cylindrical chamber with a tangential waste oil inlet and cooperating internal baffle for creating a whirling oil flow pattern therewithin, along with means for maintaining the proper temperature conditions within the tower for maximizing vaporization and recovery of hydrocarbons from the waste oil while also preventing undesirable decomposition or cracking of the oil.

Abstract: An incremental dilution dewaxing process for lubricating oil stocks in which the base stock, at a temperature above its cloud point, is cooled with vigorous agitation to a temperature below its cloud point and then further cooled with minimum agitation and incremental solvent addition to its final temperature, followed by filtration for the removal of wax. In this process, rapid stirring is provided during the early part of the cooling period. When the base stock has been cooled with relatively rapid agitation to a temperature below its cloud point, solvent is added to the base stock and mixed therewith and thereafter the mixture is cooled to the final or filtration temperature with essentially minimum agitation of the oil-solvent-wax mixture. It is not necessary for the solvent to be at a temperature below the temperature of the base stock or that of the oil-solvent mixture.

Abstract: Benzene, which is toxic and carcinogenic, is removed from a gasoline or gasoline precursor stream, such as a mixture of a reformate and a naphtha produced in a fluidized catalytic cracking unit, in a process which includes fractionating the precursor stream into a light hydrocarbon stream containing the benzene and a heavy hydrocarbon stream. The light hydrocarbon stream is then admixed with an olefinic hydrocarbon, passed through an alkylation zone and then remixed with the heavy hydrocarbon stream.

Abstract: Puffing of electrode grade coke during graphitization is reduced or eliminated by addition of a puffing inhibitor to the coker feedstock prior to formation of the coke.

Abstract: The molecular weight of a solid paraffin wax having an oil content of no more than about 2% by weight is increased by contacting the wax at elevated temperature with at least about 5% by weight of an organic peroxide.

Abstract: A transformer oil processing sequence is disclosed. The process comprises contacting a naphthenic based oil with an oxygen-containing gas in the presence of a free radical initiating catalyst under mild oxidation conditions of temperature and pressure, fractionally distilling the resultant product and then hydrogenating the oil.

Abstract: An extraction process for recovering bitumens from tar sands in which the tar sand is mixed with a hot hydrocarbon solvent, for example, toluene, in order to evaporate substantially all the water contained in the tar sands. The tar sands-solvent mixture is then separated into two phases of fine and coarse sand. Two centrifuging steps are then used to recover the bitumen from the fine sand phase.

Abstract: A method and distributor device for effecting the uniform distribution of a mixed-phase vapor/liquid reactant stream across the upper surface of a fixed-bed of catalyst particles. Mixed-phase reactants or components are first separated into a principally vapor-phase and a principally liquid-phase. These separated phases are then re-mixed in a manner which creates a vapor/liquid froth; the latter being re-distributed to the upper surface of the bed of catalyst particles. Briefly, the distributor comprises three annular-form, catalyst-free volumes which are defined by the interior surface of said chamber and three cylindrical walls in concentric relationship therewith.

Abstract: A process is described for producing gasoline from a paraffinic hydrocarbon feed wherein the feed is catalytically cracked and then reformed. In the process a novel porous hydrocracking catalyst composite is employed. This catalyst comprises a silica-alumina cracking base component and a noble metal hydrogenation component. It is stabilized as a result of a unique method used for introducing the noble metal in the form of a highly dispersed gravimetric precipitate into a gelatinous silica-alumina cogel precursor of the cracking base component. An organic gravimetric reagent is used for the precipitation. The resulting crackate is reformed by ordinary methods.

Abstract: Specialty oils of very low pour point and excellent stability, such as transformer oils and refrigerator oils, are produced from waxy crude distillates by solvent refining, catalytic dewaxing over a zeolite catalyst in the nature of zeolite ZSM-5 and hydrotreating.

Abstract: The present process has for object the manufacture of olefinic hydrocarbons with respectively 2 and 3 carbon atoms per molecule. This object is attained by treating a charge selected from such cuts as light or heavy naphthas, kerosenes and light gas oils of distillation point lower than 360.degree. C. The cut is subjected to hydrogenolysis and the resulting C.sub.2 and C.sub.3 hydrocarbons are fed to a steam-cracking plant, while the C.sub.4.sup.+ hydrocarbons are subjected to further hydrogenolysis.

Abstract: The liquid product of a slurry hydrogen treating zone is separated into fractions in the same separation zone used to obtain the heavy hydrocarbonaceous oil fraction used as feed for the hydrogen treating zone. A separate portion of coarser solids is withdrawn from the hydrogen treating zone.

Abstract: In a process for the thermal cracking of hydrocarbons by the introduction of liquid petroleum feedstock in atomized form into a stream of hot combustion products formed by the combustion of fuel and oxidant in successive burner and mixing zone, constricting throat zone, a velocity acceleration diffuser zone and secondary cracking and reaction zone along the path of hot combustion product stream flow, an improvement is disclosed which comprises: effecting initial mixing, vaporization and cracking of said atomized liquid petroleum feedstock in said stream of hot combustion products in said burner and mixing zone maintained at subsonic velocity flow; effecting substantially complete mixing and vaporization in said constricting throat zone wherein said stream is maintained, at exit, at sonic velocity flow; passing said stream through a velocity acceleration diffuser zone maintained at supersonic velocity flow; passing said stream through a shock region produced by cross-sectional expansion of a diffuser zone; and

Abstract: Method and apparatus for separation of bitumen from tar sands involving an electric flotation cell formed of a container in which is placed a charge of unseparated tar sand to a first level and which is then filled with water to a second level and electrodes positioned in the cell in relation to the tar sand such that on application of a voltage to the electrodes an electric current flows through the tar sand and water. It has been found that after application of the electrical energy to the tar sands agitation and then separation takes place with the bitumen being floated to the upper surface.

Abstract: An integrated partial oxidation-thermal cracking process is disclosed for the more complete utilization of all chemical values in crude oil feedstocks employed in the concurrent production of synthesis gas and an olefin-rich stream comprising the steps of: burning, at a high temperature, streams of fuel and oxygen in the presence of superheated steam to form a reducing stream of hot combustion products; injecting a crude oil distillate fraction stream into said reducing stream of hot combustion products; passing the resulting injected stream to a reaction zone to effect thermal cracking of said crude oil distillate fraction steam and reaction products; thermally quenching said stream; removing pitch and fractionating to provide at least one stream of hydrocarbon oil and an olefin rich gas stream; separating carbon dioxide and any contained hydrogen sulfide from said olefin rich gas stream; separating streams of synthesis gas, methane and ethylene from said olefin rich gas stream; and recycling fractions of sa

Abstract: Continuous process for converting hydrocarbons in the presence of a granular catalyst including a metal from group VI a, VII a or VIII, deposited on a carrier, comprising passing a charge of hydrocarbons with hydrogen through a series of at least two vertical catalytic zones in which the catalyst bed moves progressively downwardly, withdrawing progressively the catalyst from the bottom of the last catalytic zone, and reintroducing the same, after regeneration, at the top of the first catalytic zone.

Abstract: A novel process is disclosed for preparing hydrocarbon mixtures from methanol or trimethyl phosphate. The process comprises heating the methanol or trimethyl phosphate with phosphorus pentoxide, polyphosphoric acid or a species of polyphosphoric acid intermediate between the two reagents at a temperature of circa. 185.degree. C. to 300.degree. C. The hydrocarbon mixtures obtained are useful fuel and lubricant compositions.