Abstract: A combination slurry hydroconversion, coking and coke gasification process is provided wherein solid fines having an average particle size of less than 10 microns in diameter or the ashes thereof recovered from a gaseous product derived from the coke gasification are used as a catalyst in the hydroconversion stage in combination with a catalyst produced from an oil soluble metal compound in situ in the chargestock of the hydroconversion zone.

Abstract: Low value heavy hydrocarbonaceous material such as a petroleum refinery vacuum residuum is converted to distillate products and pitch in a hydrogen donor diluent cracking process, and the pitch is utilized as feedstock to a delayed premium coker.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon charge stock boiling below 500.degree. F. is converted into aromatic hydrocarbons and isobutane via a combination process involving catalytic reforming, hydrocracking and subsequent catalytic reforming without the immediate separation of the product effluent from the lead reformer and hydrocracking zone.

Abstract: Substantial energy savings are realized in an aromatic extraction process wherein a vapor sidestream is removed from the solvent stripper, compressed and used to provide the heat necesary for distillation in the solvent stripper.

Abstract: A coking drum system is provided in combination with a process control unit wherein the rate of material delivered to a coking drum during a coking process timing cycle is monitored and the quantity of material received by the coking drum is continuously derived therefrom. Based on this derived quantity of delivered material, the quantity of feed material required to fill the drum to a preestablished level with coke, at the completion of the timing cycle, can be predicted. The flow rate of feed material to the coking drum is accordingly adjusted so that the amount of coke produced in the drum during one timing cycle is optimized.

Abstract: A gasoline boiling range hydrocarbon stream obtained by fractionation of overhead vapors from a delayed coker is treated for removal of organic silicon compounds prior to being processed in a desulfurizer and catalytic reformer. The stream is treated by a bed of material such as alumina, activated alumina or spent alumina-based desulfurizer catalyst at elevated temperature to reduce the level of organic silicon compounds. The organic silicon compounds, if not removed, are detrimental to desulfurizer and reformer catalysts. The organic silicon compounds are conventionally added to a delayed coker to control foaming.

Abstract: A process which comprises recracking a cracked naphtha feed containing up to about 60 percent, suitably from about 20 to about 40 percent olefins, over a crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite catalyst to further crack the naphtha and saturate at least about 50 percent of the olefins, preferably from about 90 percent to about 100 percent of the olefins, based on the weight of said cracked naphtha feed. In a preferred combination a gas oil is catalytically cracked in a first stage to produce a cat cracked naphtha product of high olefin content, and an intermediate boiling component thereof is recracked as a feed in a second stage over a zeolite catalyst to saturate the olefins, and hydrodenitrogenate and hydrodesulfurize said cat cracked naphtha. The recracked cat cracked naphtha is then hydrotreated at low to mild severities and then catalytically reformed (hydroformed) to produce high octane gasoline.

Abstract: Normal paraffins are isolated from a feedstock mixture of normal and non-normal paraffins in the vapor phase at superatmospheric pressure using an adsorption system comprising at least four fixed adsorption beds containing a 5 Angstrom molecular sieve adsorbent, each of which cyclically undergoes the stages of (a) adsorption-fill, (b) adsorption, (c) void space purging, and (d) purge desorption. The improvement of the present process comprises recycling in the vapor phase in combination with feedstock the mixture of isoparaffins and normal paraffins purged from one bed of the system during stage (c) to another bed of the system undergoing stage (b). In conventional practice the void space contained hydrocarbons purged from each bed during stage (c) was cooled, separated from the purging gas, pumped to a holding tank in the liquid phase and thereafter reheated to form the vapor phase before being admixed with fresh feedstock for further treatment.

Abstract: Kerogen-containing shale is crushed and comminuted to a fineness sufficient to free kerogen and any sulphides present in said shale. To enable the shale to be finely-divided more readily, the crushed shale is subjected to a leaching treatment prior to final comminution thereof.

Abstract: A petroleum refinery vacuum residuum stream is subjected to hydrogen donor diluent cracking, the liquid cracking effluent is hydrodesulfurized, the hydrodesulfurizer effluent is fractionated, and the fractionator bottoms stream is fed to a delayed coker where premium type delayed coke is produced. The gas oil boiling range fraction from the fractionator is utilized as the donor diluent in the cracking step.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel electric insulating oil compositions and a process for preparing the same. The electric insulating compositions of the invention comprise distillates within a boiling range in terms of normal pressure between 265.degree. C. and 360.degree. C. obtained by processing a hydrocarbon mixture from cracking of petroleum hydrocarbons at a temperature of 700.degree. C. or higher principally composed of components with a boiling range between 75.degree. C. and 198.degree. C., said components mainly containing monocyclic aromatics and comprising aromatic olefins of said boiling range, in liquid phase in the presence of an acid catalyst under such conditions that the reaction temperature is from 0.degree. C. to 200.degree. C., the liquid residence time is from 0.1 hour to 5 hours and the concentration of aromatic olefins in the reaction system is 10% by weight or below.

Abstract: A fractionation process wherein a fractionation column is maintained at a subatmospheric pressure through the use of a steam-jet ejector. Water drawn off the overhead receiver of the fractionation column is vaporized by indirect heat exchange to form the moderate pressure steam charged to the ejector. The effluent of the ejector is passed through a condenser, and the resultant condensate is recycled to the overhead receiver by admixture with the overhead vapor stream of the fractionation column. The disposal of hydrocarbon-contaminated aqueous overhead liquid is thereby minimized.

Abstract: Bitumen is separated from tar sands by contacting the tar sands with a small amount of liquid, heating the liquid treated tar sands to expand the liquid as a vapor thereby reducing the density of the bitumen and separating the bitumen from the remainder of the tar sands on the basis of density.

Abstract: In a reactant-fluid catalyst suspension system, an arrangement of apparatus is provided contiguous with a riser discharge which centrifugally initially separates the suspension into a solids phase and a gasiform material phase prior to discharge from the riser. The catalyst may be further stripped if desired in equipment above and about the riser discharge. The arrangement contributes substantially to the efficiency and economics of the separation of catalyst from gasiform products including products of hydrocarbon conversion and combustion products of catalyst regeneration.

Abstract: Fractionated heavy reformate containing ethyltoluenes and propylbenzenes is selectively hydrodealkylated and transalkylated to produce ethylbenzene-lean xylenes, benzene and C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 paraffins in the presence of a catalyst comprising a tungsten/molybdenum component of WO.sub.3 and MoO.sub.3 and an acidic component of 60 (wt)% of mordenite and 40 (wt)% of catalytically active alumina.

Abstract: The pour point of a high-pour-point shale oil is lowered by mixing it with a low-pour-point whole shale oil. Both the method and the resulting composition are claimed.

Abstract: It has been found that tank-type air flotation cells are more efficient, when treating hot water process middlings containing in excess of about 3% bitumen, than trough-type air flotation cells. Also, it has been found that the trough-type cells are more efficient than the tank-type cells when treating middlings containing less than about 3% bitumen. Thus a secondary recovery circuit is proposed wherein the middlings are first treated in one or more tank-type cells in series and the underflow from the last tank-type cell is treated in one or more banks of trough-type cells.

Abstract: An electrical insulating oil having both high positive and high negative direct current breakdown voltage values is prepared by catalytically reforming a petroleum naphtha or similar feedstock and then fractionating or otherwise treating the reformed material to produce a highly aromatic oil which boils in the range between about 400.degree. and about 700.degree. F., contains less than about 1.0 weight percent of polar compounds, and includes less than about 2.5 weight percent of aromatic compounds having four or more condensed aromatic rings per molecule. This aromatic oil may be blended with up to about 75 volume percent, based on the total blend, of a low aromatic petroleum fraction which has been hydrogen treated, solvent extracted or acid treated to reduce its aromatics content to a level less than about 20% by weight. The aromatic oil or blend may be hydrogen treated or contacted with an adsorbent to improve further its stability and other properties.

Abstract: An energy efficient process for the separation of two close boiling point components contained in a multi-component feed stream. The feed stream is distilled in a first column to produce a relatively light fraction containing substantially all the more volatile close boiling point component, along with part of the less volatile close boiling point component and a bottoms product. The relatively light overhead fraction from the first column is fed to a second column to produce an overhead product, consisting substantially of the more volatile close boiling point component and a bottoms product consisting substantially of the less volatile boiling point component. The bottoms product from the first column is fed to a third column to produce an overhead vapor consisting substantially of the less volatile close boiling point component, which overhead vapor is passed to the second column to supply part of the reboiling energy requirements for said column.

Abstract: A process for visbreaking a heavy petroleum fraction wherein the effluent of the visbreaking heater is quenched by admixture with an overhead liquid produced by condensation of the overhead vapors of a secondary flash zone. The visbreaker effluent is then passed into a rectified flash zone, with the bottoms liquid of the rectified flash zone forming the feed stream to the secondary flash zone.