Abstract: The disclosure relates to a method for calculating surface electric field distribution of nanostructures. The method includes the following steps of: providing a nanostructure sample located on an insulated layer of a substrate; spraying first charged nanoparticles to the insulated surface; blowing vapor to the insulated surface and imaging the first charged nanoparticles via an optical microscope, recording the width w between the first charged nanoparticles and the nanostructure sample, and obtaining the voltage U of the nanostructure sample by an equation.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus are provided for monitoring the currents in a load center, and ultrasonically reporting currents to a data aggregator. The monitoring is performed by branch circuit current monitors which are inductive. The data aggregator receives the current reports from the branch circuit current monitors. The data aggregator manages collisions and transmission medium distortions to ensure reliable receipt of the current reports and stores in a storage location that which it learns about the currents drawn.

Abstract: Aspects of the present disclosure include an anti-counterfeiting pattern that is identifiable by sheet resistance mapping metrology, a method of fabricating such an anti-counterfeiting device, and a method of detecting such an anti-counterfeiting device by imaging the pattern with sheet resistance mapping metrology. This abstract is provided to comply with rules requiring an abstract that will allow a searcher or other reader to quickly ascertain the subject matter of the technical disclosure. It is submitted with the understanding that it will not be used to interpret or limit the scope or meaning of the claims.

Abstract: A method for detecting an electrical leakage includes acquiring a voltage of a source of the electrical leakage detected by a voltage detector of a shoe when a walking user is wearing the shoe on a wet ground, and acquiring electromagnetic field strength between the source of the electrical leakage and the shoe, by a first induced circuit of the shoe. A distance between the shoe and the source of the electrical leakage is acquired and the voltage and distance sent to a mobile device as representing a danger when the voltage of the source of the electrical leakage is greater than the predetermined voltage.

Abstract: A sensor of a status determination device detects a magnitude of a terminal voltage of an auxiliary battery provided separately from a driving battery and a magnitude of a current flowing through the auxiliary battery. The driving battery is an electrical power source for a driving motor of a vehicle, and the auxiliary battery is an electrical power source for auxiliary equipment and has an output voltage lower than that of the driving battery. An internal resistance calculator calculates an internal resistance of the auxiliary battery based on the magnitude of the terminal voltage and the magnitude of the current detected by the sensor in a stable period that is before the auxiliary equipment is started and in which the magnitude of the terminal voltage and the magnitude of the current fall within predetermined fluctuation ranges, and those detected in a period after starting of the auxiliary equipment is detected.

Abstract: In systems, such as sensor systems, an output signal of the system (e.g. output of the sensor corresponding to a sensed characteristic) can be generated and provided. In response to a detected error, the output signal can be adjusted to generate an error indication signal pulse to indicate that an error has been detected. The output signal can then be adjusted to return to a signal level corresponding to the sensed characteristic. In response to the error being resolved, an error resolution signal pulse can be generated.

Abstract: An electrochemical test device for determining a concentration of one or more analytes in a fluid sample is provided. The electrochemical test device comprises a set of electrodes including two or more working electrodes, each working electrode for determining the concentration of a corresponding analyte, and sensing chemistry for each working electrode, wherein the sensing chemistry for a first of the two or more working electrodes comprises a diaphorase, an electron transfer agent, an NAD(P)+-dependent dehydrogenase and a cofactor for the NAD(P)+-dependent dehydrogenase, wherein at least some of the diaphorase for the first working electrode is disposed in a diaphorase-containing layer which extends over the first working electrode and at least a second of the two or more working electrodes.

Abstract: A shock detector having an electrical detector having a set of water immersible electrodes for detecting hazardous water conditions through the determination of the presence of either an electrical current in a body of water, a voltage in the body of water or a voltage gradient in the body of water and then providing an alert to the existence of hazardous electrical conditions in the body of water which in some cases is transmitted to a power source to shut off a power source thereby removing the hazardous water condition.

Abstract: Systems and methods provide a portable, verified voltage source that allows safe testing of separate non-contact voltage measurement systems. A proving unit of the present disclosure provides a known or specified alternating current (AC) voltage output across an insulated wire, which AC voltage may be fixed or may be user-selectable through a suitable user interface. The proving unit may include a visual indicator and/or an audible indicator that provides the user with an indication confirming that the proving unit is supplying an output voltage with the specifications of the proving unit, so the user will know that the proving unit is operating normally and is ready for testing a non-contact voltage measurement system. If the proving unit cannot provide the specified voltage output, the indicator(s) provides a signal to the user that the proving unit is currently non-functional.

Abstract: An environmental stimulus sensor includes a substrate, a p-type material, and a conductive contact. In some aspects the conductive contact couples an electrode to the p-type material for supplying a current through the p-type material. The p-type material includes a nanotile structure for responding to an environmental stimulus by changing resistance.

Abstract: A cold cathode ionization gauge includes multiple cathodes providing different spacings between the cathodes and an anode. The multiple cathodes allow for pressure measurements over wider ranges of pressure. A first cathode with a larger spacing may provide current based on Townsend discharge; whereas, a second cathode having a smaller spacing may provide current based on both Townsend discharge at higher pressures and on Paschen's Law discharge at still higher pressures. A feature on the second cathode may support Paschen's Law discharge. Large resistances between the cathodes and a return to power supply enable control of output profiles to extend the pressure ranges with accurate responses and avoid output minima. Pressure measurements may be made based on currents from respective cathodes dependent on the outputs of the cathodes through the wide pressure range of measurement.

Abstract: A proximity sensor assembly includes a proximity sensor, an insulating layer, and at least one segmented electrode. The proximity sensor is configured to generate an electric field emanating from the proximity sensor assembly. The insulating layer is in overlapping contact with at least one surface of the proximity sensor. A segmented electrode having two or more segments is in overlapping contact with the insulating layer and overlapping the proximity sensor. At least a first segment of the segmented electrode is configured to direct the electric field emanating from the proximity sensor and at least a second segment of the segmented electrode is configured to direct the electric field emanating from the proximity sensor differently than the first segment.

Abstract: A semiconductor device for measuring a voltage of a battery cell, including first and second nodes, and first and second battery voltage measurement units. The first node is configured to receive a first voltage, the first voltage being a voltage of a capacitor that accumulates an electric charge based on the voltage of the battery cell. The first battery voltage measurement unit measures the first voltage through a first path. The second node is configured to receive a second voltage based on the voltage of the battery cell, the second node being different from the first node. The second battery voltage measurement unit measures the second voltage through a second path that is different from the first path.

Abstract: An oil resistance test method for an electronic device is provided. At least one type of resin material is provided on at least a portion of an outer surface of the electronic device. The oil resistance test method includes: setting a test temperature; and immersing the electronic device in a water-soluble cutting oil in an atmosphere of the set test temperature. This cutting oil contains a mineral oil and a surfactant, and exhibits a milky-white appearance when diluted with water. The oil resistance test method further includes: determining, based on an electrical characteristic of the electronic device, whether or not the electronic device has been degraded by the cutting oil; and estimating, based on a total immersion time of the electronic device in the cutting oil until degradation of the electronic device is detected, a life of oil resistance of the electronic device.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a sensor arrangement for the contactless sensing of angles of rotation on a rotating part includes a disk-shaped target, a coil arrangement, and an evaluation and control unit. The disc-shaped target is coupled to the rotating part and includes at least two metal surfaces that influence the inductances in the flat detection coils due to eddy current effects as a function of the degree of overlap. The disc-shaped target can generate at least one piece of information for ascertaining the instantaneous angle of rotation of the rotating part, in connection with the coil arrangement. The coil arrangement has three flat detection coils uniformly distributed on the circumference of a circle. The evaluation and control unit can generate essentially sinusoidal evaluation signals which represent the changes in inductance of the detection coils and can evaluate them for calculating the angle of rotation.

Abstract: Propagating brush discharge testing systems include an initiation electrode, a high-voltage switch, a sensor, and a controller. The initiation electrode has an exposed tip positioned adjacent to a surface of a test article. The high-voltage switch is configured to selectively isolate the initiation electrode from ground potential. The sensor is positioned and configured to detect a propagating brush discharge between the initiation electrode and the test article. The controller is programmed to operate the high-voltage switch to ground the initiation electrode.

Abstract: A method of extracting complex impedance from selected volumes of the material under test (MUT) combined with various embodiments of electrode sensor arrays. Configurations of linear and planar electrode arrays provide measured data of complex impedance of selected volumes, or voxels, of the MUT, which then can be used to extract the impedance of selected sub-volumes or sub-voxels of the MUT through application of circuit theory. The complex impedance characteristics of the sub-voxels may be used to identify variations in the properties of the various sub-voxels of the MUT, or be correlated to physical properties of the MUT using electromagnetic impedance tomography and/or spectroscopy.

Abstract: Moisture detection and ingression monitoring systems and methods of manufacture are provided. The moisture detection structure includes chip edge sealing structures including at least one electrode forming a capacitor structured to detect moisture ingress within an integrated circuit. The at least one electrode and a second electrode of the capacitor is biased to ground and to a moisture detection circuit or vice versa, respectively.

Abstract: Tamper-respondent assemblies and methods of fabrication are provided which include an enclosure, an in-situ-formed tamper-detect sensor, and one or more flexible tamper-detect sensors. The enclosure encloses, at least in part, one or more electronic components to be protected, and the in-situ-formed tamper-detect sensor is formed in place over an inner surface of the enclosure. The flexible tamper-detect sensor(s) is disposed over the in-situ-formed tamper-detect sensor, such that the in-situ-formed tamper-detect sensor is between the inner surface of the enclosure and the flexible tamper-detect sensor(s). Together the in-situ-formed tamper-detect sensor and flexible tamper-detect sensor(s) facilitate defining, at least in part, a secure volume about the one or more electronic components.

Abstract: Moisture detection and ingression monitoring systems and methods of manufacture are provided. The moisture detection structure includes chip edge sealing structures including at least one electrode forming a capacitor structured to detect moisture ingress within an integrated circuit. The at least one electrode and a second electrode of the capacitor is biased to ground and to a moisture detection circuit or vice versa, respectively.