Abstract: In order to produce a wire electrode having a core consisting of a copper/zinc alloy and to produce a specific sheath layer, the sheath layer is coated onto the core at a temperature at which no diffusion occurs. The wire electrode is subsequently heated at a heating speed higher than 10° C. per second, briefly annealed at temperatures above 500° C. and subsequently cooled again very rapidly at cooling speeds higher than 10° C. per second.

Abstract: Magnetic recording medium includes at least two layers having different magnetic anisotropy constants formed on a substrate and the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy of the second magnetic film of those magnetic films, far from the substrate surface, made equal to or larger than that of the first magnetic film near to the substrate surface, thus improving the magnetic isolation of the first magnetic film near to the substrate surface.

Abstract: Composite film structures exhibit a predetermined finished color tone comprised of a transparent film layer which exhibits a color deficiency as compared to the finished color tone, and a pigment which is visually associated with, and satisfies the color deficiency of, the film layer. Most preferably, the pigment is provided as a homogenous dispersion in a transparent color-matching layer positioned adjacent to the film layer. Thus, when the film and color-matching layers are viewed collectively as a unit, the perceived color tone will be that of the finished predetermined color tone. That is, the color-matching layer provides visually an additive effect on the perceived color of the composite film structure.

Abstract: A magnetic recording disk has a magnetic recording layer that includes a ferromagnetic host layer and a ferromagnetic overlay deposited directly on the host layer with an effective overlay thickness in the range of 1-40 Angstroms. The ferromagnetic material used in the overlay contains Co, Fe and/or Ni and has a magnetic moment significantly greater than that of the material in the ferromagnetic host layer. The ferromagnetic overlays improve the thermal stability of superparamagnetic grains contained within the host layers by magnetically coupling the grains through bridging. The enhanced thermal stability of the media allows for the use of thinner ferromagnetic host layers, and leads to lower remanent magnetization-thickness product (Mrt) values and higher recording densities.

Abstract: Described are articles having a polyanhydride photochromic coating. The coatings exhibit a Fischer microhardness of from 50 to 130 Newtons per mm2 and desirable photochromic properties, i.e., the formation of darker activated colors and faster rates of photochromic activation and fade when irradiated with ultraviolet light. Also described are polyanhydride photochromic articles.

Abstract: The present invention provides a magnetic recording media incorporating Zn containing layers in close proximity to a magnetic layer to provide media having increased coercivity and lower noise. The Zn containing layer can be incorporated in a rotating, translating or stationary recording media to operate in conjunction with magnetic transducing heads for recording and reading of magnetic data, as well as other applications. The magnetic recording medium of the invention preferably includes a Co or Co alloy film magnetic layer, underlayer structures to promote epitaxial crystalline structure in the magnetic layer, and a Zn containing layer to promote isolation between the magnetic grains. The medium can further include seed layers, underlayers, intermediate layers, and overlayers. The process of manufacture includes promoting diffusion of Zn to the magnetic layer grain boundaries.

Abstract: High areal density magnetic recording media exhibiting high magnetic performance, e.g., narrow PW50, and high OW, and high SNR, are formed with a NiAlRu seedlayer. Embodiments of the present invention include sputter depositing a NiAlRu seedlayer on a non-magnetic substrate and sequentially depositing thereon a Cr or Cr alloy underlayer, e.g., CrMo, CrMn, CrV or CrW, a magnetic layer, e.g., a Co—Cr-containing magnetic alloy layer, and a protective overcoat, e.g., a carbon-containing protective overcoat.

Abstract: The thin film magnetic disk of the present invention includes a non-metallic substrate having a seed layer deposited on the substrate, an underlayer deposited upon the seed layer composed of a chromium alloy having a relatively high oxygen concentration portion of from 2,000 ppm to 20,000 ppm and preferably approximately 4,000 ppm to 12,000 ppm, followed by a relatively low oxygen concentration portion of from 0-2,000 ppm, and preferably from 500 ppm to 1,500 ppm and a magnetic layer that is deposited upon the underlayer. The underlayer total thickness is in the range of from approximately 250 Å to approximately 700 Å with a preferred thickness of approximately 450 Å, wherein approximately half of the underlayer thickness is the high oxygen concentration portion and half is the low oxygen concentration portion.

Abstract: A sealing film and a method of sealing the film to glass is disclosed. The film comprises a layer of ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH) or a laminate comprising an outermost ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH) layer for adhering to a glass surface, particularly the rim of a glass container, using heat and pressure. The laminate may include in addition to the EVOH layer an adhesive layer, polymeric layer, optional adhesive layer and stock layer. The film has excellent adhesive properties, is food safe and is suitable as a sealing material.

Abstract: An aluminum alloy containing (in wt. %): 0.2-0.5 Fe; 0.7-1.2 Si; 1.2-1.6 Mn; up to 0.3 Mg; up to 0.5 Cu; up to 0.2 Zn; up to 0.1 Ti is used to make the fins of heat exchangers particularly car radiators. The finstock has high post braze strength and thermal conductivity, and has a sufficiently electronegative potential as to be capable of acting as a sacrificial anode for the heat exchanger tubes. By virtue of the absence of Sn, In, and Cr, these heat exchangers can be scrapped and melted for re-use.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium includes a non-magnetic substrate, an inorganic compound layer that is formed on the substrate and which contains a crystalline first oxide and a second oxide, and a magnetic layer that is formed on the inorganic compound layer. The crystalline first oxide comprises at least one oxide selected from cobalt oxide, chromium oxide, iron oxide and nickel oxide. The second oxide comprises at least one oxide selected from silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, titanium oxide, tantalum oxide and zinc oxide. The second oxide is present at a grain boundary of crystal grains of said first oxide. According to the present invention, magnetic recording media low in noise and diminished in thermal fluctuation and thermal decay can be obtained by making fine the crystal grains of a magnetic layer and controlling the dispersion of the grain size. Thus, magnetic recording apparatuses can be realized which can perform an ultrahigh density magnetic recording of higher than 20 Gb/in2.

Abstract: Provided are a CoPt-base sputtering target which can produce a magnetic recording medium having a recording layer with uniform film characteristics and excellent recording and reproducing characteristics, a method of making this sputtering target, a magnetic recording film, and a CoPt-base magnetic recording medium. The CoPt-base sputtering target contains Co as the principal component, Pt as an indispensable element, and at least one element selected from the group consisting of the 4a group elements, 5a group elements, 6a group elements, B and C, and the target has a structure in which the maximum inscribed circle diameter of a phase consisting of a Pt simple substance is substantially not more than 500 &mgr;m and in which the thickness of a diffusion layer at the boundary of the Pt phase is substantially not more than 50 &mgr;m. By using this target, it is possible to obtain a magnetic recording film which is used in a hard disk, etc.

Abstract: A method for marking the defective side of a magnetic disk comprises the step of applying a set of laser pulses to the defective side to form a mark that is visible to the naked eye. Thus, disk drive manufacturers can readily see whether one side of the disk is defective, and if so, which side of the disk is defective. Thus, the disk drive manufacturer can assemble a disk drive so as to use the functional side of the disk. The laser marks are formed on the disk without generating particulate contamination.

Abstract: A perpendicular magnetic recording medium having an excellent thermal stability of the recorded signal and S/N and a low medium noise, and capable of easily forming a perpendicular magnetic recording layer is provided. The perpendicular magnetic recording medium has, at least, a perpendicular magnetic recording layer having a hexagonal closest packing (hcp) structure of which c-axis is perpendicular to a surface of the perpendicular magnetic recording layer, on a non-magnetic base, wherein the perpendicular magnetic recording layer has a saturation magnetization Ms of not more than 400 emu/cc, and a lattice constant c of the hexagonal closest packing structure is not more than 4.07 Å.

Abstract: A magnetic recording disk is patterned into discrete magnetic and nonmagnetic regions with the magnetic regions serving as the magnetic recording data bits. The magnetic recording layer comprises two ferromagnetic films separated by a nonferromagnetic spacer film. The spacer film material composition and thickness is selected such that the first and second ferromagnetic films are antiferromagnetically coupled across the spacer film. After this magnetic recording layer has been formed on the disk substrate, ions are irradiated onto it through a patterned mask. The ions disrupt the spacer film and thereby destroy the antiferromagnetic coupling between the two ferromagnetic films. As a result, in the regions of the magnetic recording layer that are ion-irradiated the first and second ferromagnetic films are essentially ferromagnetically coupled so that the magnetic moments from the ferromagnetic films are parallel and produce a magnetic moment that is essentially the sum of the moments from the two films.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium includes a substrate, an underlayer provided on the substrate, a Co alloy magnetic film formed through the underlayer, and a protective film for protecting the magnetic film, wherein the underlayer has a two-layer structure of an lower underlayer contacted with the substrate and an upper underlayer contacted with the Co alloy magnetic film, the upper underlayer is a Co—Crx—My alloy film having a hexagonal close-packed structure, where 25 atomic %≦x+y≦50 atomic %, 0.5 atomic %≦y, nonmagnetic element M is one selected from the group of elements B, Si, Ge, C, Al, P, Ti, V, Nb, Zr, Hf, Mn, Rh, Os, Ir, Re, Pd, Pt, Mo, Ta, W, Ag and Au. Thereby the medium can be increased in its coercive force and can be improved in its thermal stability characteristics.

Abstract: A magnetic recording disk has a magnetic recording layer formed on a special multilayered “host” layer. The host layer is a “synthetic antiferromagnetically”, i.e., at least two ferromagnetic films that are exchange-coupled antiferromagnetically (AF) to one another across a nonferromagnetic spacer film so that their magnetic moments are oriented antiparallel. The magnetic recording layer has a different composition from the top ferromagnetic film in the host layer and is ferromagnetically coupled to the top ferromagnetic film of the host layer. The magnetic volume V of the composite structure (magnetic recording layer and host layer) that determines the thermal stability will be approximately the sum of the volumes of the grains in the magnetic recording layer and the AF-coupled ferromagnetic films of the host layer.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium having a high reliability of durability against frictional motion can be ensured even in a severe rubbing test, while a low noise characteristic important for achievement of high-density recording is kept. A first underlayer made of an alloy containing Co or Ni as a main component and containing Cr and Zr simultaneously is formed over a base, a second underlayer having a rough surface is formed on the first underlayer, a third underlayer made of an alloy containing Ni as a main component and containing Cr and Zr simultaneously is formed over the second underlayer, a fourth underlayer as a film for controlling crystalline orientation is formed on the third underlayer, a magnetic layer made of an alloy containing cobalt a main component is formed over the fourth underlayer, and a protective film containing carbon as a main component is formed on the magnetic layer.

Abstract: A laminated magnetic recording medium for data storage uses a magnetic recording layer having at least two antiferromagnetically-coupled (AFC) layers spaced apart by a nonferromagnetic spacer layer. Each AFC layer is formed as two ferromagnetic films antiferromagnetically coupled together across an antiferromagnetically coupling film that has a composition and thickness to induce antiferromagnetic coupling of the second film to the first film. The magnetic moments of the two antiferromagnetically-coupled films in each AFC layer are oriented antiparallel, and thus the net remanent magnetization-thickness product (Mrt) of each AFC layer is the difference in the Mrt values of the two ferromagnetic films. The nonferromagnetic spacer layer between neighboring AFC layers has a composition and thickness to prevent any antiferromagnetic coupling of the ferromagnetic films of one AFC layer with the ferromagnetic films of the neighboring AFC layer.

Abstract: Fire retardant cellulosic material comprises from 0.4 to 2.0% by weight of tin and from 0.4 to 8.0% by weight of boron based on the weight of the cellulosic material. The fire retardant material is prepared in a two-stage or a one-stage process. The two-stage process comprises impregnation of the material with an alkaline solution of an alkali metal stannate or stannite, followed by impregnation with an aqueous solution of boric acid and drying. The one-stage process comprises impregnation of the material with a stable aqueous colloidal suspension of hydrous tin oxide stabilized with an alkali metal salt of boric acid having a pH in the range of from 4 to 8, followed by drying.