Abstract: Processes for converting vinyl alcohol polymers to poly(keto-esters) and the novel products obtained therefrom are disclosed. The process involves reacting a vinyl alcohol polymer, such as PVA or EVOH, with an organic peroxyacid oxidizing agent in an inert liquid medium at a temperature from -20.degree. C. to 150.degree. C. to convert the secondary hydroxyl groups of the vinyl alcohol polymer to carbonyl and oxycarbonyl groups. In another aspect of the invention, the vinyl alcohol copolymer is first reacted with an oxidizing agent capable of converting the secondary hydroxyl groups to carbonyl but not to oxycarbonyl and then subsequently oxidized using a peroxyacid to form oxycarbonyl. The poly(keto-esters) comprised of carbonyl units, oxycarbonyl units, hydroxyl-containing units and units which are primarily hydrocarbons in nature are photodegradable and biodegradable.

Abstract: Anisotropic solutions are prepared from poly[2,2'-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzidine terephthalamide] or poly[2,2'-bis(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)benzidine terephthalamide] in amide solvents containing certain chlorides in specified amount. Crystalline fibers are prepared from the polymers.

Abstract: Stable emulsions and dispersions of both the water-in-oil and oil-in-water types are prepared by subjecting mixtures of the two phases to shear stress in the presence of nitrile group-containing copolymers capable of forming hydrogels containing at least 90% by weight of water at room temperature.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a protective coating composition for electrical or electronic circuits containing a curable polyvinyl acetal polymer and a non-ionic corrosion inhibitor such as an azole. The invention also relates to a method of protectively coating electrical or electronic circuits.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for preparing aqueous blends of compatible polyesters and acrylic polymers that avoids the need for surfactants. The polyesters contain at least 12 mol % of a sulfomonomer. The aqueous blends are useful in coatings and ink applications.

Abstract: Disclosed in this invention is a thermoplastic resin composition comprising a thermoplastic resin, a conductive inorganic filler and/or a non-conductive inorganic filler, and an adduct of an ethylene oxide with a saponified product of a copolymer of ethylene and a vinyl ester of a saturated carboxylic acid. The adduct of an alkylene oxide with a saponified product of a copolymer of ethylene and a vinyl ester of a carboxylic acid is an additive having excellent compatibility with the thermoplastic resin and useful for improving dispersibility of the inorganic filler.

Abstract: Corrugating adhesives and premixes containing polyvinyl alcohol reacted with ketone-aldehyde resins are provided which exhibit stable viscosities and excellent adhesive properties. The premix formulations include PVA reacted with a selected resin, preferably in the absence of starch or borax, in order to yield pourable compositions which retain a stable viscosity over extended storage periods at ambient temperature. The premixes can be added to adhesive formulations including starch, alkali and borax to give corrugating adhesives which resist premature gelation and have good wet tack and adhesive properties.

Abstract: Aqueous synthetic resin formulations containingA) from 3 to 75% by weight of one or more synthetic resins,B) one or more organic compounds having two or more hydrazide groups,C) from 0 to 10% by weight, based on the synthetic resin A, of benzophenone or acetophenone or of one or more acetophenone or benzophenone derivatives which are not monoethylenically unsaturated or of a mixture of these active ingredients,D) effective amounts of emulsifiers or protective colloids or of a mixture of these active ingredients,E) not less than 5% by weight of water andF) from 0 to 85% by weight of finely divided fillers, with the proviso that the total amount of the monomers d polymerized in the one or more synthetic resins A and of component C is from 0.05 to 10% by weight, based on the one or more synthetic resins A, and the ratio of the number of moles of hydrazide groups of component B and the number of moles of the aldehyde and keto groups of the monomers c polymerized in the one or more synthetic resins A is from 0.

Abstract: Aqueous dispersions of ethylene/.alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated carboxylic acid interpolymers (e.g., random ethylene/acrylic acid interpolymers) are formed using a mixture of bases at a concentration of at least about 0.2 equivalents of base per mole of .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated carboxylic acid. The dispersions have at least about 10 weight percent dispersed solids and not more than about 1 weight percent of the initial polymer in non-dispersed form. Preferred bases for use in forming the dispersions are ammonium hydroxide and/or alkali metal hydroxides. A mixture of ammonium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide is especially preferred for forming the dispersions with ethylene/acrylic acid interpolymers at an ammonium hydroxide:acrylic acid molar ratio of about 1:1 and a potassium hydroxide:acrylic acid molar ratio in the range of about 0.6-0.8:1. The dispersions are particularly useful in forming thin coatings of adhesive on substrates, such as paper and metal foil, using conventional techniques.

Abstract: Vinyl ester or polyester resins containing polymerizable, vaporizable, ethylenically unsaturated monomers and an emission suppressing amount of ceresin wax is improved with the addition of a drying oil such as corn oil and an epoxidized drying oil such as epoxidized soybean oil. The improvement is in secondary adhesion. The compositions are useful in the preparation of coating and laminates.

Abstract: Novel dipropargyl ether of alpha, alpha'-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-para-diisopropylbenzene is useful in preparing resins having desirable properties as laminates and the like.

Abstract: An aqueous, air-dry, emulsion protective coating composition, pigmented or unpigmented, and exhibiting excellent chalk adhesion without the need for external adhesion promoters, where the protective coating composition contains a film forming polymeric binder comprising emulsion copolymerized ethylenically unsaturated monomers including minor amounts of a fatty acid methacrylate or acrylate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing thermoplastic resins having a high surface gloss and excellent impact resistance.A process of the present invention comprises blending the graft polymer (D) having a grafting degree of 60.about.120% which is prepared by polymerizing an aromatic vinyl compound and a vinyl cyanide compund to 10.about.40% by weight of rubber latex (B) having 0.20.about.0.35.mu. of an average particle diameter, agglomerated by the shearing force, and the graft polymer (C) having a grafting degree of 25.about.45% which is prepred by polymerizing an aromatic vinyl compound and a vinyl cyanide compound to 40.about.80% by weight of rubber latex (A) having 0.25.about.0.40.mu. of an average particle diameter, agglomerated by the acidulation or made by the emulsion polymerization. In the said thermoplastic resins, the weight ratio of the latex (A) to the latex (B) is from 90/10 to 50/50.

Abstract: Water-in oil emulsions of water-soluble polymers, i.e. polyacrylamides, are stabilized against repeated freeze-thaw cycles by incorporating specific polymeric surfactants while maintaining the total amount of the primary surfactant at less than about 2 percent.

Abstract: An aqueous primer composition containing a polyvinyl alcohol-stabilized aqueous phenolic resin dispersion, a latex of a halogenated polyolefin, and a metal oxide. The phenolic resin dispersion is prepared by mixing (a) a pre-formed, solid substantially water-insoluble, phenolic resin; (b) water; (c) an organic coupling solvent; and (d) polyvinyl alcohol, at a temperature and for a period of time sufficient to form a dispersion of said phenolic resin in water. The aqueous primer composition substantially reduces the utilization of organic solvents, is resistant to pre-bake conditions, and provides for a robust adhesive bond which is flexible and resistant to adverse environments.

Abstract: A process is described for the preparation of a crosslinkable paint binder by working up a solution of a fluorine-containing copolymer composed of copolymerized units of a perfluoroolefin, a vinyl ester of a short-chain, saponifiable carboxylic acid and a vinyl ester of a strongly branched carboxylic acid which resists saponification. In this process, the bulk of the solvent and the residual monomers are first removed by distillation, the residual highly viscous copolymer is then dissolved in a mixture of alkanol and another solvent which is also capable of dissolving the saponified copolymer to form a homogeneous solution, and the alkaline saponification is subsequently carried out. If desired, the solvent is removed and exchanged for a paint solvent and this solution is finally filtered. A mild saponification is achieved in this manner.

Abstract: A radical-curing polyvinyl alcohol derivative is disclosed, which is obtained by reacting an anion-modified polyvinyl alcohol prepared by saponification of a copolymer comprising vinyl acetate and an unsaturated carboxylic acid and/or a derivative thereof with a glycidyl-containing vinyl compound in water or in a mixed solvent of water and a lower alcohol under acidic conditions, and which is useful as an image-forming material which is curable upon light irradiation and developable with water.

Abstract: A butadiene heteropolymer latex is prepared by emulsion polymerizing appropriate monomers in the presence of polyvinyl alcohol and a stabilizing solvent. The butadiene heteropolymer can be a butadiene copolymer or terpolymer prepared from butadiene monomers and comonomers such as .alpha.-haloacrylonitrile and acrylic acid. The butadiene heteropolymer latices can be prepared without problems of coagulation and can be utilized effectively in adhesive compositions without the use of volatile solvents. Adhesive bonds prepared from the butadiene heteropolymer latices also avoid the side effect problems associated with polymers prepared utilizing conventional surfactant-based emulsion polymerization techniques.

Abstract: The ionomer salt of low molecular weight copolymer reaction product of a copolymer acid of an .alpha.-olefin and an unsaturated carboxylic acid, and at least one amino acid compound, and a cation containing material. The unsaturated carboxylic acid is preferably an .alpha.,.beta.-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid. The present invention includes a method of preparing the ionomer. The ionomer has excellent compatibility with other polymers, particularly polyamides. The ionomer is useful in a method to flush water from pigments.

Abstract: Provided are compositions comprising a saponified product of an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer having an ethylene content of 20 to 80 mol % and a saponification degree of vinyl acetate component of at least 95 mol %, said composition containing 20 to 200 ppm as converted to alkali metal of an alkali metal acetate, 30 to 250 ppm of acetic acid, and 5 to 500 ppm as converted to phosphate ion of phosphoric acid or an alkali metal hydrogenphosphate, and having a content ratio of acetic acid/alkali metal acetate of 0.1 to 1 and the flow characteristic that the extrusion rate does not substantially increase for at least 10 hours in the relationship between the heating time and the extrusion rate with a capillary rheometer (Koka Flow Tester) at at least one temperature 10.degree. to 80.degree. C. above the melting point.