Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing cycloalkanol and/or cycloalkanone with favorable selectivity coefficient by oxidizing cycloalkane with favorable degree of conversion. In the present invention, cycloalkane is oxidized with oxygen in the presence of a catalyst such that gold is supported on ceric oxide. Said oxidation is preferably performed in the presence of a free-radical initiator and the free-radical initiator is preferably 2,2?-azobis(isobutyronitrile).

Abstract: A gemini surfactant represented by the formula: wherein: each Rf independently represents perfluorobutyl or perfluoropropyl; each R1 independently represents alkyl having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms; L1 and L2 represent alkylene having from 2 to 18 carbon atoms; each R represents alkyl having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms; Z represents an organic divalent linking group; and nXm? represents an anion or anions having a charge m, wherein m and n are independently 1 or 2, and wherein the product of n and m is 2. Aqueous compositions containing the gemini surfactant are also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention provides compounds of formula I: which are inhibitors of ?-secretase and hence useful in the treatment or prevention of Alzheimer's disease.

Abstract: Methanol is produced from bacterially oxidized waste methane by reaction with Pd+2, Cu+2, air, and molten phthalic anhydride in an entrained oxidizer generating half ester of methyl phthalate which is reaction distilled to produce methanol and recycle phthalic anhydride containing the Pd+2, Cu+2 phthalate catalyst.

Abstract: Fischer-Tropsch process for the conversion of carbon monoxide and hydrogen to C5+ hydrocarbon mixtures in which process use is made of Fischer-Tropsch catalyst particles and fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) catalyst particles. The FCC catalyst can be a fresh FCC catalyst, or an equilibrium catalysts (E-cat).

Abstract: A process of producing propylene chlorohydrin using a reactor having a one-way flow reaction area and a circulating flow reaction area which are connected in series. In this process, a propylene-containing gas is supplied to an aqueous solution of chlorine in the one-way flow reaction area to carry out at least part of a propylene chlorohydrin forming reaction so as to form a reaction mixture fluid containing propylene chlorohydrin and propylene and/or chlorine. The above reaction mixture fluid discharged from this reaction area is supplied to the circulating flow reaction area as at least part of a make-up medium, a propylene-containing gas and/or chlorine are/is supplied as required to continue the reaction in the circulating flow reaction area so as to obtain a reaction solution having a desired content of propylene chlorohydrin, and part of the reaction solution is extracted.

Abstract: A device having a plurality of chambers for carrying out a solid-catalyzed reaction includes a common evaporation unit for evaporating liquid starting materials. The evaporation unit is in thermally conductive contact with a plurality of chambers. An area of the evaporation unit in which the evaporation substantially takes place is at least partially surrounded by the plurality of chambers.

Abstract: A process for producing methanol is described in which a hydrocarbon is steam reformed in a reforming zone, and during the reforming stage, of a cyclic steam reformer having a reforming stage and a regeneration stage, the steam reforming being conducted under conditions effective to produce a first effluent stream containing synthesis gas. Fuel and an oxygen-containing gas are combusted in the regeneration stage of the reformer so as to reheat the reforming zone to a temperature sufficient for the reforming stage and generate a flue gas. At least part of the first effluent stream is contacted with a methanol synthesis catalyst under conditions effective to convert synthesis gas to methanol and form a methanol-containing stream and a tail gas stream comprising unreacted carbon monoxide and hydrogen. At least part of the tail gas stream is recycled as fuel for the regeneration stage of the cyclic steam reformer.

Abstract: The invention concerns organosilicon compounds, their method of preparation and their use as coupling agents for deposition, at the surface of a solid support, an organized self-assembled monolayer. The invention also concerns a method for obtaining solid supports whereof the surface is modified by an organized self-assembled monolayer comprising a system of said organosilicon compounds, and the use of said solid supports for biomolecular synthesis or immobilization.

Abstract: Hydrocarbons are prepared, liquid at the reaction temperature, by feeding synthesis gas into three-phase turbulent reactors in which the solid phase, consisting of the catalyst in the form of particles, is kept in suspension in the liquid phase by the rising synthesis gas. The reaction product is separated/filtered in continuous from the catalyst dispersed therein by means of at least one filtration device consisting of a hydrocyclone over which there is a first hollow metal element in which a second hollow element is situated, coaxial with the first, made of a material having a porous structure, with an average pore diameter ranging from 0.002 to 0.1 micrometers, suitable for micro/ultrafiltration.

Abstract: Methanol is synthesized from pre-heated methanol synthesis gas in one or more adiabatic synthesis stages with cooling of the resultant gas after each stage. Further methanol synthesis is then effected on the resultant partially reacted synthesis gas in a bed of synthesis catalyst cooled by means of a coolant flowing co-currently through tubes disposed in the catalyst bed. After cooling methanol is separated from the unreacted gas. Part of the unreacted gas is combined with make-up gas and used as the coolant fed to the aforesaid tubes, thus producing the pre-heated synthesis gas to be fed to the adiabatic synthesis stages.

Abstract: Process for converting synthesis gas to higher hydrocarbons, at an elevated temperature and pressure. The process comprises continuously introducing a synthesis gas feed stream comprising 0.1 to 50% by volume of carbon dioxide into a continuous stirred reactor system comprising a reactor vessel containing a suspension of a solid particulate Fischer-Tropsch catalyst suspended in a liquid medium, wherein the solid particulate Fischer-Tropsch catalyst is stable in the presence of carbon dioxide.

Abstract: A method for the synthesis of cyclobuta aromatic compounds by cyclizing two ortho dibromoalkyl substituents is described. Using a mediator, such as nickel metal, and continuous removal of product from contact with the mediator, high product yields are achieved. A method for bromination of ortho alkyl substituents of aromatic compounds is also described.

Abstract: Biphenylcarboxamide compounds of formula (I) methods for preparing such compounds, pharmaceutical compositions comprising said compounds as well as the use of said compounds as a medicine for the treatment of hyperlipidemia, obesity and type II diabetes.

Abstract: Provided is a method of inhibiting the formation of coke in an ethylene dichloride to vinyl chloride monomer pyrolysis cracker. The coke formation, which occurs during an ethylene dichloride pyrolysis reaction, is inhibited by contacting a heat-transfer surface of the cracker and a boron compound. The amount of coke generated when a coke formation-inhibiting material is used is 50% or less of that when a coke formation-inhibiting material is not used. In this case, however, the ethylene chloride conversion and the selectivity to a vinyl chloride monomer during the pyrolysis reaction are not affected. Accordingly, the efficiency of the pyrolysis cracker can be maximized.

Abstract: A process for catalytically reacting a fluid reactant mixture in a multi-tubular reactor system to form a fluid product, whereby the reactant mixture is led through at least one reactor tube containing a fixed bed of solid particulate catalyst and surrounded by a heat-exchange fluid, and whereby an upstream portion of the reactor tube is dedicated to pre-heating the reactant mixture and/or a downstream portion of the reactor tube is dedicated to post-cooling the product, characterized in that the upstream portion and/or downstream portion of the reactor tube contains a heat-exchanging essentially rod-shaped insert, the insert having a length of from 1 to 20%, preferably 1 to 5%, of the total length of the reactor tube.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of 2-chloro-1,1,1,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane is disclosed which involves (a) contacting a mixture comprising hydrogen fluoride, chlorine, and at least one starting material selected from the group consisting of halopropenes of the formula CX3CCI?CX2 and halopropanes of the formula the CX3CCIYCX3, wherein each X is independently F or Cl, and Y is H, Cl or F (provided that the number of X and Y which are F totals no more than six) with a chlorofluorination catalyst in a reaction zone to produce a product mixture comprising CF3CCIFCF3, HCI, HF. and underfluorinated halogenated hydrocarbon intermediates. The process is characterized by said chlorofluorination catalyst comprising at least one chromium-containing component selected from (i) a crystalline alpha-chromium oxide where at least 0.

Abstract: A process for converting natural gas to an olefin includes heating the gas to a selected range of temperature to convert a fraction of the gas stream to reactive hydrocarbons, primarily ethylene or acetylene, and reacting with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst to produce the olefin, usually ethylene. A portion of the incoming natural gas may be used to heat the remainder of the natural gas to the selected range of temperature. Hydrogen resulting from the reactions may be used to make electricity in a fuel cell. Alternatively, hydrogen may be burned to heat the natural gas to the selected range of temperature.

Abstract: Hydrocarbons are prepared, which are liquid at the reaction temperature, by feeding synthesis gas into three-phase turbulent reactors in which the solid phase, consisting of the catalyst in the form of particles, is kept in suspension in the liquid phase by the rising synthesis gas. The reaction product is extracted in continuous, together with the catalyst dispersed therein, and sent to a separation section which comprises a primary filtration unit and a micro/ultra-filtration unit.

Abstract: A gas-agitated multiphase reactor system that is effective for enabling maximum reactor productivity or minimizing reactor volume comprising at least two stages with or without recycle, wherein inlet gas superficial velocity is at least 20 cm/sec at Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, yielding a total syngas conversion of greater than about 90%, while syngas conversion in each reactor is less than 60%. More specifically, the total reactor volume is held to a minimum such that minimum reactor volume is less than 0.02 cubic meters total reactor volume/(kg C5+/hr production).