Abstract: The output of coke ovens is increased if the brick constituting the wall between the flues and the coking chamber has a thermal conductivity matched to the rate at which the coke accepts heat. Magnesite has been found to have appropriate thermal conductivity. This material at the lower end of the coking range, namely 1200.degree. C, is impractical due to the fact that it develops cracks and flakes off. However at the higher end of the desired coking range, namely 1300.degree.-1400.degree. C, these difficulties do not appear, and the use of the material leads to increased output of the furnace. More particularly according to the invention firebrick is used which has a thermal conductivity of 2.0-6.0kcal/mh.degree. C and is composed of 20-45% SiC, 23-57% Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 with the remainder consisting of SiO.sub.2 and traces of other oxides.

Abstract: This invention provides improved high fired direct bonded basic magnesite-chrome refractory shapes, such as brick, characterized by the presence of chromium enriched spinel structures distributed in the matrix and bonding the individual periclase crystals. The shapes are thermally stable and resistant to slag penetration and erosion and enjoy improved service life in industrial furnace linings. Also provided is a method of making the improved refractory shapes which comprises forming a mixture of (1) from about 40% to about 75% by weight high purity magnesite, (2) from about 25% to about 60% by weight chrome ore and (3) from about 0.5% to about 10% by weight chromic oxide powder; pressing the mixture into a refractory shape; and firing the refractory shape to a temperature of at least 1700.degree. C.

Abstract: This invention pertains to improved shrinkage compensating portland cement concrete and mortar compositions comprising essentially an expansive portland cement, mineral aggregate, from about 5 to about 25 percent based on cement weight of a styrene-butadiene-1,3 copolymer having a styrene to butadiene weight ratio of about 30:70 to 70:30, water and certain minor amounts of nonionic and anionic surfactants, and a foam depressant. When properly restrained by either external restraints or internal restraints in the form of ordinary reinforcement or fibers of various lengths, these compositions possess improved mechanical and physical properties such as compressive and flexural strengths and unexpectedly enhanced freeze-thaw resistance. Such compositions are particularly suited for use in the construction of crack-free structures.

Abstract: A modified clay paper coating composition comprising a montmorillonite clay having at least partially hydrolyzed aluminum chloride bonded thereto is made by treating montmorillonite clay with a non-aqueous solution of anhydrous aluminum chloride following by hydrolyzing with hot water. A paper substrate coated with this composition exhibits improved image light fastness when employed in a pressure-sensitive duplication system.

Abstract: A mixture consisting essentially of fly ash, lime stack dust and aggregate which through pozzolanic reactions produces a hard, strong, durable mass capable of supporting surfacing.

Abstract: A liquid phase alkylation process for production of alkylate useful as motor fuel, wherein low molecular weight isoparaffin hydrocarbons are alkylated with olefin hydrocarbons in the presence of a catalyst, comprising a mixture of a major portion of sulfuric acid (H.sub.2 SO.sub.4) with a minor portion of trifluoromethane sulfonic acid (CF.sub.3 SO.sub.3 H) which may contain about 0-3 weight percent water and about 0-10 weight percent acid oils.

Abstract: The strength of a reaction sintered silicon nitride body is substantially increased by impregnating the surface of the body with finely divided alumina and then firing the body in a nitrogen atmosphere to a temperature in excess of 1200.degree. C, the reaction being carried out under an appreciable partial pressure of SiO.

Abstract: A molding composition, made of earth products, which is particularly suitable for producing urns and frames for mausoleum niches and other decorative articles. In its dry state the molding composition is made of about 11/2 parts by volume standard casting plaster, 1 part by volume Portland cement and 7/8 part by volume sand. Preferably about 0.5-2 parts by volume fiberglass fibers are also added to the molding composition. The dry composition is mixed with about 11/2 parts by volume of water, enough to produce a standard 7 inch slump, and placed in a mold having the shape of the decorative article to be produced where it is allowed to set.

Abstract: Hydraulic cements having higher (about 5%) iron-oxide content and lower (43-57%) than the usual calcium-oxide content of Portland cements are disclosed. These high iron-oxide cements have normal setting times, but high early strengths that develop without resorting to fine grinding or steam curing. The cements can be produced with considerably less expenditure of energy than required for conventional Portland cements due to lower burning temperatures and reduction in the amount of calcium-oxide which requires the greatest energy input for preparation of the cements.

Abstract: Finely divided inorganic pigments having improved wetting characteristics and which may be rapidly dispersed in an aqueous medium, and methods for preparing same, are disclosed. The improved pigments comprise blends or mixtures of inorganic pigment particulates, such as calcium silicate, hydrated silica, aluminum hydrates and sodium alumino silicates, etc. and a soluble deliquescent salt, such as the sulfates, nitrates and chlorides of aluminum and other metals. The pigments are produced by dry blending mixtures of the inorganic pigment and the soluble deliquescent salt. Conventional soaking periods on the order of 12 to 24 hours are reduced to less than 2 hours by the use of the improved pigments of the invention.

Abstract: A cement composition is provided containing portland cement; calcium sulfate hemihydrate; urea; one or more retarders selected from the group consisting of a water soluble salt of a lignosulfonic acid, a low molecular weight hydroxypolycarboxylic acid and sodium, potassium, and lithium salts thereof, and an alkaline hexametaphosphate; and as optional ingredients, calcium chloride and/or a condensation product of mononaphthalene sulfonic acid and formaldehyde; said ingredients being present in amounts effective to provide a cement which will set within a desired period of time at temperatures below about 80.degree. F down to below freezing, e.g. 32.degree. F, to provide a monolithic mass having adequate strength and which also has a sufficient pumping time, i.e. setting time, at higher temperatures, i.e. above about 80.degree. F, so that it can be transported, i.e. pumped at such elevated temperatures without permaturely setting up.

Abstract: The invention disclosed is for an improved foamed mastic composition comprising a magnesia cement, building articles coated therewith in light porous foamed form having improved fire resistant and sound insulating properties, and a method of preparing such articles and composition.The foamed mastic composition prepared by the present invention is pumpable and sprayable, and upon setting or drying provides a highly porous, firmly-bonded coating upon metallic building members.

Abstract: Methods of using aqueous hydraulic cement compositions containing sulfonated copolymers of styrene-maleic anhydride as flow-property-improving and turbulence-inducing additives are disclosed.

Abstract: The invention refers to a process for the preparation of a hydrofobous building material containing a ballast material and a binder added or formed in connection with the manufacture. At least part of the ballast material is or is made water-repellant and is admixed with the rest of the ingredients of the building material, the amount of water-repellant ballast material and the grain size thereof being adapted so that the water-repellant characteristics of the building material is brought to an acceptable level while maintaining a sufficient wet vapor diffusion ability.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for calcining powdered material for cement manufacture by making good use of the sensible heat and fluidity of preheated material in the burning process and utilizing the material as a catalyst for diffusing and vaporizing fuel, thereby producing reducing gases, and then bringing the reducing gases into contact with the combustion gases from a kiln for stepwise combustion so that the cement material is decarbonated and the nitrogen oxide contents of the exhaust gases from the kiln are decreased.

Abstract: A resilient material such as rubber is pulverized into particles. The particles are then coated with dry cement. In one embodiment of the invention the coating may be accomplished by heating the particles until their outer surfaces become viscid and the mixing the particles with cement so that when the cement contacts the viscid outer surfaces, it will adhere thereto, enveloping the particles with a layer of cement. In another embodiment, the cement may be heated and then brought into contact with the particles. The outer surfaces of the particles will become adhesive and the cement will adhere thereto. In a further embodiment, the particles may be coated with a plastic film. The plastic coated particles are then coated with cement as described. Alternatively the plastic coated particles may be mixed with the cement before the plastic has set. The cement will adhere to the still unset plastic coating. In each of the embodiments, the cement will be permanently bonded to the particles.

Abstract: Mature zirconia ceramic compositions stabilized in the monoclinic and tetragonal structure with 0.1-5% ZnO and as little as 0.5% of a primary stabilizer selected from MgO, Y.sub.2 O.sub.3 or combinations thereof. Compacted ceramic compositions are fired and matured at temperatures below the volatilization point of ZnO and in the range of 2750.degree.-2950.degree. F.Zirconia is conventionally batched with magnesia, yttria or mixtures thereof, with or without other known stabilizers including ceria and calcia, together with up to about 5% ZnO and then compacted and sintered at a temperature which retains at least 0.1% ZnO in the fired body. Conventional cooling is prescribed. Subsequent thermal cycling of the fired body between 400.degree. and 2500.degree. F. reveals a stable body with no degradation in strength. Magnesia stabilized compositions show no signs of early destabilization on thermal cycling and may even show increasing room temperature strength as cycling progresses.

Abstract: A process for making magnesia wherein a sludge of magnesium hydroxide is simultaneously dewatered and compacted to give a cake of magnesium hydroxide containing at least 67.5% by weight of solids and having a green bulk density of at least 1.15 grams/cc and wherein the cake thereby obtained is converted by a suitable heat treatment into magnesium oxide.Refractory products produced from the magnesia of the invention are also described.

Abstract: A method is disclosed wherein high purity fused silica is produced from a liquid flowable form of a silica slurry or sol and the refractoriness of the fused silica is enhanced by homogeneously doping the silica with elemental silicon.

Abstract: A formable matrix used as structural material and having an admixture of reinforcing non-metallic fibers to control deterioration and improve flexural strength. The fibers are fabricated with a cross section which provides a maximum ratio of surface to cross-sectional areas and increased frictional forces between fiber and matrix when the fiber is stressed. The disclosed embodiment of the fibers has a cross-sectional shape with a plurality of arms extending radially from the center, preferably with lobes formed at their outer ends.