Abstract: Lubricating compositions are provided which comprise a major amount of oil of lubricating viscosity and an effective amount of dichlorophenyl esters of hydrocarbyl dicarboxylic acids. The lubricating compositions have improved load-bearing properties. Also provided are novel dichlorophenyl esters of malonic and lower alkyl substituted malonic acid.

Abstract: Lactone oxazoline reaction products of hydrocarbon substituted lactone carboxylic acids, for example, polybutyl lactone carboxylic acid, with 2,2-disubstituted-2-amino-1-alkanols, such as tris-(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (THAM), and their derivatives are useful additives in oleaginous compositions, such as sludge dispersants for lubricating oil, or anti-rust agents for gasoline.

Abstract: Process is provided for removal of chloroprenes as impurities from ethylene dichloride streams formed in the production of vinyl chloride by the thermal cracking of ethylene dichloride. The ethylene dichloride stream is subjected to distillation in a distillation zone to which free chlorine gas is introduced, thereby chlorinating the chloroprenes contained therein and forming higher boiling chlorocarbons as reaction products. The higher boiling chlorocarbons, together with ethylene dichloride, may be removed as bottoms and passed to a second distillation zone for separation of ethylene dichloride from the higher boiling impurities, thereby producing a substantially pure ethylene dichloride which may be recycled to the cracking step.

Abstract: In a mixture of isomers of a disubstituted benzene such as dichlorobenzene, the meta-disubstituted isomer is preferentially reacted with an alkylating or acylating agent, e.g., an alkyl halide, by contacting the mixture with the agent in the presence of a Friedel-Craft catalyst at a temperature of less than about 60.degree. C.The resulting alkylated or acylated meta-isomer can be readily separated from the reaction mixture by simple distillation.

Abstract: A method and sequence of process steps is described for effecting the conversion of lower alcohols comprising methanol, ethanol, and propanol to primarily olefin boiling range component under conditions to significantly extract reaction heat and selectively control the restructuring of the alcohol feed through the production of ethers and particularly olefins.

Abstract: In the production of ethylfluoride by reacting ethylene with hydrofluoric acid, the addition of a very minor amount of a heavier olefin such as a C.sub.3 and/or C.sub.4 olefin greatly improves conversion and selectivity of the reaction. The product ethylfluoride can be recovered by liquid-liquid extraction.

Abstract: The viscosity index and pour point of oil compositions are improved by the addition of certain low molecular weight, substantially acyclic polymers of cyclopentene.

Abstract: Improved hydrofluorination process with minimum polymer and heavy oil formation comprising carrying out the hydrofluorination of olefins with HF in a paraffinic diluent followed by low pressure and low temperature fractional distillation. In a preferred embodiment, normal butane or normal pentane is used as a diluent in the hydrofluorination, and the entire process of hydrofluorination and recovery is carried out at temperatures below about 80.degree. F (26.7.degree. C).

Abstract: Process for the selective production of para-xylene by methylation of toluene in the presence of a catalyst comprising the crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite ZSM-23.

Abstract: Alkylatable aromatic hydrocarbons are alkylated with olefins and alkylhalides under anhydrous alkylating conditions in the presence of certain metallic cation exchanged synthetic hectorite-type catalysts in which the metallic cation has a Pauling electronegativity greater than 1.0 and in which the central octahedral layer contains one or more divalent metals which have an ionic radius not greater than 0.75 A. In a specific embodiment, 1-dodecene is reacted with benzene by contacting the dodecene and benzene under anhydrous alkylating conditions in the liquid phase at the boiling point of the mixture with a catalyst comprising a metallic cation such as Al.sup.3+, In.sup.3+, and Cr.sup.3+ exchanged onto the surface of a synthetic nickeliferous hectorite.

Abstract: Alkyl, cycloalkyl or aralkyl halides may be alkylated by treatment with an olefin in the presence of a catalyst comprising a free-radical generating compound such as an organic peroxide and also in the presence of a promoter comprising hydrogen chloride, said alkylation reaction being effected at temperatures at least as high as the decomposition temperature of the free-radical generating compound, to prepare alkylated halide-containing compounds.

Abstract: Geminal dihalides are prepared by reacting a non-enolizable aldehyde and/or ketone with phosgene or thionyl chloride in the presence of an organyl-phosphorus compound of 3-valent and/or 5-valent phosphorus.

Abstract: Oligomers of hexafluoropropene are prepared by oligomerization of hexafluoropropene in an organic solvent in the presence of a halide compound and a crown ether. The selectivity to the dimer or trimer may vary depending on the kind of solvent. For example, the oligomerization of hexafluoropropene in acetonitrile or methylene chloride in the vicinity of room temperature gives the dimer thereof at high selectivity. Use of N,N-dimethylformamide favors the formation of the trimer at high selectivity.

Abstract: In the oxychlorination of a hydrocarbon, the ratio of hydrocarbon feed to hydrogen chloride feed is maintained within set limits in response to changes in the concentration of aqueous hydrogen chloride recovered from the oxychlorination effluent. The concentration of aqueous hydrogen chloride recovered from the effluent may be determined either by conductivity and/or density.

Abstract: Novel, highly fluorinated hydrocarbons derived from the fluorination of alkyladamantanes, may be produced by known means, as for example by the process comprising contacting an alkyladamantane hydrocarbon, in vapor phase, with a fluoride of a transition metal (e.g., CoF.sub.3, MnF.sub.3, AgF.sub.2) at 200.degree.-400.degree. C. The preferred adamantane hydrocarbons contain in the range of 11-30 (more preferred 12 to 14) carbon atoms and contain methyl and/or ethyl groups.

Abstract: Copolymers of ethylene and hexafluoropropene (HFP) containing between about 15 mol percent and 50 mol percent HFP comprising low to intermediate molecular weight oils of high viscosity. The copolymers are prepared in the presence of a free radical initiator at autogenous pressure at a temperature ranging from 20.degree. C. to 80.degree. C.

Abstract: The catalyst consists essentially of a calcium fluoride matrix and a thermally stable copper-containing phase as produced by coprecipitation of calcium fluoride and copper fluoride and/or calcium hydroxide and copper oxide, in presence of alkali metal or ammonium ion. The coprecipitate is thoroughly dried and heated at elevated temperature; followed, if the coprecipitate is in the form of hydroxide and/or oxide, by conversion of such hydroxide and oxide to fluoride.The preferred alkali metal ion is potassium.The most active and stable catalysts show by X-ray diffraction a pattern including lines characteristic of calcium fluoride and additional lines indicative of a face-centered cubic unit cell having unit dimension of about 8.1-8.4 A.The catalyst operates at about 200.degree.-550.degree. C. depending to some extent on the substrate.

Abstract: Lubricating oil additives having both dispersant and viscosity-index improving properties are prepared by reacting terpolymers of ethylene, a C.sub.3 to C.sub.8 alpha-olefin, and a non-conjugated diene with maleic anhydride and certain alkane polyols.

Abstract: Lubricating oil additives having both dispersant and viscosity-index improving properties are prepared by reacting a block copolymer with maleic anhydride and an alkane polyol. The block copolymer has the general configuration A-B wherein A is a monoalkenyl arene block and B is a selectively hydrogenated conjugated diene block having between 75 and 98 percent hydrogenated double bonds.

Abstract: A stabilized methylene chloride composition consisting essentially of methylene chloride and stabilizing amounts of mixed amylenes, propylene oxide, butylene oxide and tertiary butylamine.