Abstract: Processes for converting a hydrocarbon reactant into an alcohol compound and/or a carbonyl compound are disclosed in which the hydrocarbon reactant and either a supported chromium (VI) catalyst or a supported chromium (II) catalyst are contacted, optionally with UV-visible light irradiation, followed by exposure to an oxidizing atmosphere and then hydrolysis to form a reaction product containing the alcohol compound and/or the carbonyl compound. The presence of oxygen significant increases the amount of alcohol/carbonyl product formed, as well as the formation of oxygenated dimers and trimers of certain hydrocarbon reactants.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for the co-production of 1,1-difluoroethane and vinyl chloride, including: (a) vaporizing dichloroethane and hydrogen fluoride, and delivering the vaporized dichloroethane and hydrogen fluoride into a reactor for a catalytic reaction under the action of a catalyst to obtain a reaction product; (b) delivering the reaction product into a first rectifying tower for separation to obtain an overhead product from the first rectifying tower and a bottom product from the first rectifying tower; (c) delivering the overhead product from the first rectifying tower into a second rectifying tower for separation to obtain hydrogen chloride and a bottom product from the second rectifying tower; (d) delivering the bottom product from the second rectifying tower into a purifying tower for purification to obtain an overhead product from the purifying tower; (e) simultaneously delivering the overhead product from the purifying tower and a saturated organic solvent into a third rectifying

Abstract: Provided is a methanation catalyst processing method capable of suppressing degradation of a catalyst performance. A methanation catalyst processing method of the present disclosure includes oxidizing nickel through a heat treatment of a methanation catalyst by supplying an oxygen gas containing oxygen to a reactor, the reactor housing the methanation catalyst containing the nickel as a catalyst component. In the oxidizing, the oxygen gas is supplied to the reactor such that the oxygen is supplied to 1 g of the methanation catalyst at a supply rate in a range of from 0.0213 mmol-O2/sec·g-cat. to 0.0638 mmol-O2/sec·g-cat., and a time period of the heat treatment of the methanation catalyst by supplying the oxygen gas to the reactor is set to 30 minutes or more.

Abstract: A process for process for preparing 6-isopropenyl-3-methyl-9-decenyl acetate of the following formula (3), wherein Ac represents an acetyl group, the process comprising steps of: preparing a nucleophilic reagent, 5-isopropenyl-2-methyl-8-nonenyl compound, of the following general formula (1): wherein M1 represents Li, MgZ1, ZnZ1, Cu, CuZ1, or CuLiZ1, wherein Z1 represents a halogen atom or a 5-isopropenyl-2-methyl-8-nonenyl group, from a 5-isopropenyl-2-methyl-8-nonenyl halide compound of the following general formula (4): wherein X1 represents a halogen atom; subjecting the nucleophilic reagent (1), 5-isopropenyl-2-methyl-8-nonenyl compound, to an addition reaction with at least one electrophilic reagent selected from the group consisting of formaldehyde, paraformaldehyde, and 1,3,5-trioxane, followed by a hydrolysis reaction to form 6-isopropenyl-3-methyl-9-decenol of the following formula (2); and acetylating 6-isopropenyl-3-methyl-9-decenol (2) to form 6-isopropenyl-3-methyl-9-decenyl acetate (3).

Abstract: Integrated processes are disclosed for the catalytic conversion of carbohydrate to ethylene glycol and/or propylene glycol using a homogeneous, tungsten-containing retro-aldol catalyst. In these processes, the carbohydrate is subjected to retro-aldol conversion and hydrogenation to provide a reaction product containing ethylene glycol and/or propylene glycol, other reaction process including organic acids, itols and tungsten species. Ethylene glycol and propylene glycol are separated from the reaction product for purification, and at least a portion of the remaining fraction is subjected to ion exclusion chromatography to provide an eluant containing tungsten species and a subsequent eluant containing organic acids and a substantially reduced concentration of tungsten species. At least a portion of the eluant containing tungsten species can be recycled for reuse directly or with intervening unit operations to enhance the catalytic activity of the tungsten species.

Abstract: The joint use of a C3 to C6 alkene compound comprising a sole double bond and of at least one molecular sieve for limiting or preventing the isomerization of trans-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene to cis-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene, and/or for limiting or preventing the degradation of trans-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene. Also, a method for heating or cooling a fluid or a body, to a method for producing electricity and to a heat transfer installation.

Abstract: The method and plant (1) for conversing solid recovered fuel pellets (117) made from municipal solid waste (103) allow the transformation of the municipal solid waste (103) into hydrogen with a high yield instead of landfilling or incinerating the municipal solid waste (103). The hydrogen rich product gas stream (601) can be used as feedstock for chemical reactions or for storing energy in a releasable manner.

Abstract: The invention provides a continuous preparation method of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, comprising the following steps: carrying out liquid-phase catalytic telomerization reaction on ethylene and carbon tetrachloride serving as initial raw materials in the presence of a composite catalyst to obtain a reaction product; performing two-stage membrane separation and purification on the reaction product, and then sequentially performing a primary high-temperature cracking reaction, a gas-phase chlorination reaction, a secondary high-temperature cracking reaction, a primary gas-phase catalytic fluorination reaction and a secondary gas-phase catalytic fluorination reaction to obtain a reaction product; condensing and rectifying the secondary gas-phase catalytic fluorination reaction product to obtain the 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene product.

Abstract: A process for producing syngas and olefins includes the steps of feeding a catalytic partial oxidation (CPO) reactant mixture having oxygen, first hydrocarbons, and optionally steam to a CPO reaction zone having a CPO catalyst such that at least a portion of the CPO reactant mixture reacts, via an exothermic CPO reaction, to produce syngas having hydrogen (H2), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), water, and unreacted first hydrocarbons. The syngas is characterized by a molar ratio M defined as (H2?CO2)/(CO+CO2). The method further includes feeding a cracking zone feed having second hydrocarbons to a cracking zone such that at least a portion of the second hydrocarbons undergoes an endothermic cracking reaction to produce a cracking zone product stream having olefins, hydrogen, and unreacted second hydrocarbons; and cooling the CPO reaction zone by heating the cracking zone while cooling the CPO reaction zone via heat transfer between the CPO reaction zone and the cracking zone.

Abstract: A hydrofluoroolefin compound is represented by the following general formula (I): where RF1 is a hydrogen atom or CH3, and (iii) RF1 is a linear or branched perfluorinated alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms and optionally including one or more catenated heteroatoms; and RF2 is a fluorine atom or a linear or branched perfluorinated alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms and optionally including one or more catenated heteroatoms; with the proviso that when RF2 is a fluorine atom, then RF1 includes at least 2 carbon atoms; or (iv) RF1 and RF2 are bonded together to form a ring structure having 4 to 8 carbon atoms and optionally including one or more catenated heteroatoms.

Abstract: The present invention addresses the problem of providing a novel compound which readily dissolves in liquid epoxy resins and which can be a hardener for epoxy resins to give cured objects excellent in terms of heat resistance and chemical resistance. Provided as a means for solving the problem is a polyacyloxymethyl-4,4?-acyloxybiphenyl compound represented by formula (1).

Abstract: Catalyst systems are provided, along with corresponding methods, for single stage conversion of synthesis gas to fuel boiling range products with increased selectivity for either naphtha production (C5-C9) or distillate production (C10-C20). The increased selectivity for naphtha production or distillate production is provided in conjunction with a reduced selectivity for higher boiling range components (C21+).

Abstract: The invention relates to the production of (meth)acrylic esters according to a process by direct esterification, and in particular to the purification of a crude reaction mixture comprising a C4-C12 (meth)acrylic ester using a dividing wall column employed in a particular configuration. The dividing wall column is equipped with a separating wall creating separation zones in the column, the wall not being joined to the upper dome of the column in the top part and being joined to the bottom of the column in the bottom part. The process according to the invention guarantees a product of very high purity, independently of the back-cracking reactions of the heavy by-products liable to arise during the purification of the product sought.

Abstract: The invention provides a reaction system for preparing butyraldehyde by propylene carbonylation, comprising: a reactor; a side wall of the reactor is sequentially provided with a catalyst inlet, a propylene inlet and a synthesis gas inlet from top to bottom; the bottom of the reactor is provided with a solvent inlet; two micro-interface generators are arranged inside of the reactor from top to bottom, and the micro-interface generator located at a top end is connected to the propylene inlet to break the propylene gas into micron-scale micro-bubbles; the micro-interface generator located at a bottom is connected to the synthesis gas inlet for breaking the synthesis gas into micron-scale micro-bubbles; the outlets of the two micro-interface generators are opposite, and the outlets are connected with a gas distributor for evenly distributing raw materials.

Abstract: Methods for producing alcohols by deriving carbon dioxide from air or another dilute source, and supplying water, which is converted to hydrogen and oxygen, with subsequent conversion of the carbon dioxide and hydrogen into alcohols is disclosed. The method includes, but is not limited to including, a direct air capture system carbon dioxide, a water electrolysis unit powered by electricity, a hydrogenation reactor to convert carbon dioxide and hydrogen gases into alcohols, and a distillation system to separate alcohols or a single constituent alcohol from other hydrogenation products. Optionally, these methods may include systems capture water from air, if water or hydrogen is not available on-site, and the distillation system may use propylene glycol as an extraction solvent. This process can be used for on-site production of feedstock alcohols such as ethanol at high purity, and many other applications.

Abstract: A process for converting a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide gases to a composition comprising alcohols and liquid hydrocarbons by means of a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction, said process comprising contacting a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide gases, preferably in the form of synthesis gas mixture, with a supported Co—Mn Fischer-Tropsch synthesis catalyst, wherein: the support material of the supported Co—Mn Fischer-Tropsch synthesis catalyst comprises a material selected from titania, zinc oxide, zirconia, and ceria; the supported synthesis catalyst comprises at least 2.5 wt % of manganese, on an elemental basis, based on the total weight of the supported synthesis catalyst; the weight ratio of manganese to cobalt, on an elemental basis, is 0.2 or greater; the molar ratio of hydrogen to carbon monoxide is at least 1; and, the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction is conducted at a pressure in the range of from 1.0 to 10.0 MPa absolute.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for producing methanol from a synthesis gas is provided. The method includes (i) producing, in a partial oxidation chamber, the synthesis gas having a stoichiometric number of less than 1.8 by performing a partial oxidation process with a hydrocarbon stream and an oxygen stream, (ii) passing, in a water-gas shift reactor, the synthesis gas over a water-gas shift catalyst to convert at least a portion of carbon monoxide and water into hydrogen and carbon dioxide, (iii) producing a dry, shifted synthesis gas by separating liquid condensate from shifted synthesis gas, (iv) combining, in a recycle compressor, the dry, shifted synthesis gas with a recycle synthesis gas comprised of unreacted synthesis gas and a hydrogen rich product to form a mixed synthesis gas stream, and (v) converting, in a cooled methanol synthesis reactor, at least a portion of the mixed synthesis gas stream into methanol.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for neutralizing a composition A comprising 1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene, 1,1-dichloro-1,3,3-trifluoropropane and one or more acid compound(s) of formula HX with X?F or Cl; said process comprising the step a) of bringing said composition A into contact with a solution B under conditions capable of limiting the formation of 1-chloro-1,3,3-trifluoropropene.

Abstract: A method for producing hydrogen by thermochemical splitting of water includes injecting one or more feed streams of water into a reaction chamber. The method further includes using a molten salt heated by a subterranean heat source to carry out the thermochemical splitting of water to form hydrogen and oxygen in the reaction chamber. The formed products are subsequently removed from the reaction chamber. Hydrogen formed in the reaction chamber may be used in a downstream process to generate hydrocarbons.

Abstract: The present invention includes a method for converting renewable energy source electricity and a hydrocarbon feedstock into a liquid fuel by providing a source of renewable electrical energy in communication with a synthesis gas generation unit and an air separation unit. Oxygen from the air separation unit and a hydrocarbon feedstock is provided to the synthesis gas generation unit, thereby causing partial oxidation reactions in the synthesis gas generation unit in a process that converts the hydrocarbon feedstock into synthesis gas. The synthesis gas is then converted into a liquid fuel.