Abstract: A sensor element includes a porous leading-end protective layer disposed around an outer periphery of an element base in a predetermined range from an end portion on a side where a sensing part is disposed, the protective layer includes: a first layer disposed on two main surfaces of the element base; a second layer disposed to cover the end portion and four side surfaces of the element base including the two main surfaces on which the first layer is disposed; and a layer disposed to cover the second layer, the second layer has a porosity of 30% to 70% and a thickness of 6 to 30 times a thickness of the first layer, and the third layer has a porosity of 10% to 40% and a thickness of 2 to 15 times the thickness of the first layer.

Abstract: The current disclosure relates to methods and systems for detecting a target molecule in a sample by using identification molecules linked to assay molecules, wherein the assay molecules bind the target, and where the identification molecules are isolated from the sample and run through a nanopore sensor for detecting the target molecule.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a body portion that defines a reservoir and a set of substantially flexible capillaries. The set of substantially flexible capillaries are fixedly coupled to the body portion and in fluid communication with the reservoir. A connector is configured to be coupled to the body portion to be in fluid communication with the reservoir and the set of substantially flexible capillaries. The connector is further configured to be coupled to a vacuum source. The apparatus is arranged such that at least a part of the body portion is electrically conductive. Methods for separating and detecting an analyte from a biological sample with the apparatus are also provided. For example, methods for separating and detecting one or more proteins from a cellular lysate or a purified protein are also provided.

Abstract: A sub adjustment pump cell pumps out oxygen from a measurement gas introduced into a sub adjustment chamber to the extent that H2O and CO2 contained in the measurement gas are not decomposed, a first pump cell pumps out oxygen from a first chamber so that substantially all of H2O and CO2 contained in the measurement gas introduced from the sub adjustment chamber into the first chamber are decomposed, concentrations of H2O and CO2 are identified from a pump-in current when H2 and CO generated by decomposition are oxidized in the second chamber and the third chamber, and a concentration of oxygen contained in the measurement gas is identified based on a magnitude of a current flowing between a sub adjustment inner electrode and an outer electrode at the time when the sub adjustment pump cell pumps out oxygen from the sub adjustment chamber.

Abstract: A method for sensing an analyte utilizing a sensor, the sensor including a reference electrode and a working electrode including an analyte-specific enzyme and a redox mediator, where the method includes: providing the working electrode to the analyte; accumulating charge derived from the analyte reacting with the analyte-specific enzyme and the redox mediator; measuring a potential drift of the working electrode relative to the reference electrode over a period of time, and correlating a rate of the potential drift to a concentration of the analyte.

Abstract: An apparatus for large batch chemical reactions using microwave energy includes a chamber defined by an outer wall, and a vessel disposed inside the chamber, the vessel defined by an inner wall, the inner wall being separated from the outer wall by a gap. The vessel is configured to receive and hold a load. The apparatus further includes a first applicator and a second applicator configured to emit the microwave energy at the load, wherein points at which microwave energy emitted by the first applicator and the second applicator enter the load are spaced at a distance from each other that is longer than a penetration depth of the microwave energy into the load such that no electromagnetic intercoupling occurs between the first applicator and the second applicator upon emission of the microwave energy.

Abstract: A gas sensor includes an element body, an adjustment pump cell, a preliminary pump cell, a measurement electrode, a reference electrode, a specific gas concentration detection device. The element body provides a measurement-object gas flow section to allow a measurement-object gas to be introduced into and flow through the measurement-object gas flow section. The adjustment pump cell adjusts an oxygen concentration of an oxygen concentration adjustment chamber in the measurement-object gas flow section. The preliminary pump cell pumps oxygen into a preliminary chamber to prevent the measurement-object gas in a low-oxygen atmosphere from reaching the oxygen concentration adjustment chamber, the preliminary chamber being provided upstream of the oxygen concentration adjustment chamber in the measurement-object gas flow section.

Abstract: A method for preparing a microbattery includes: placing a micromachined thin metal-based interdigital electrode into a nickel sulfate and ammonium sulfate solution with a certain concentration; rapidly constructing a three-dimensional porous structure on the surface of the interdigital microelectrode by a bubble-templated electrodeposition method; then, mixing 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene and manganese acetate with a certain constructing concentration; a manganese dioxide/3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene polymer thin film by a cyclic voltammetry deposition method; combining an obtained interdigital microelectrode cathode with a zinc interdigital anode; and then, coating the surface of the assembled electrode with a manganese sulfate/zinc sulfate/xanthan gum gel electrolyte, and conducting packaging to obtain the microbattery.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an electrode for electrolysis which includes a metal base layer, and a coating layer containing a ruthenium oxide, a cerium oxide, and a nickel oxide, wherein the coating layer is formed on at least one surface of the base layer. The electrode for electrolysis of the present disclosure is characterized by exhibiting excellent durability and improved overvoltage.

Abstract: A method of operating a finishing system includes providing a plurality of stations along a frame in a process direction, each station configured to receive and treat a load. A latent coating material is suspended in a liquid provided in an immersion station. A power supply generates electrical charge to the frame and the liquid. A hoist moves along the process direction and into register with the immersion station, the hoist including an electrically conductive lifting chain and an electrically conductive sprocket meshed with the lifting chain. The power supply and the sprocket are electrically communicated through the hoist. The load is connected to the lifting chain and immersed in the liquid. A path of conduction is established between the sprocket and the load solely through the lifting chain. Electrophoretic deposition of the coating material onto the load is driven through the electrical charge generated by the power supply.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an analyte sensor comprising a substrate, at least one first electrode, at least one second electrode and at least one protective layer covering the at least one second electrode. The present invention further relates to a process for manufacturing the inventive analyte sensor as well as to an analyte sensor system comprising an analyte sensor according to the present invention and an electronics unit. The analyte sensor according to the present invention may mainly be used for conducting analyte measurements in a body fluid of a user.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to an analyte sensor comprising a substrate, at least one working electrode, at least one second electrode and a membrane, wherein the membrane is located on top of the second electrode, and the second electrode has at least one first silver layer and at least one second silver layer which at least partially overlap with one another and have different compositions. The sensor includes at least one exposed area of the first silver layer disposed on the exterior of the sensor to provide for direct contact with body fluid when implanted. The disclosure further relates to a process for manufacturing an analyte sensor.

Abstract: A cathode electrode for a gas diffusion electrolytic flow cell that produces a carbon dioxide reduction product by reducing carbon dioxide, wherein the cathode electrode comprises a catalyst layer having a metal complex catalyst, a carbon material and an alkali metal salt, and a gas diffusion layer disposed on the catalyst layer.

Abstract: An apparatus including an integrated reference electrode and a fluid dispenser is described. The reference electrode includes a body and a tip. The fluid dispenser at least partially surrounds the tip of the reference electrode and includes an inlet, a chamber, and an outlet. The fluid dispenser is configured to receive a fluid sample from the inlet to the chamber and form a droplet of the fluid sample through the outlet so that the droplet is in fluidic contact with the tip of the reference electrode and associated with a known potential determined by the reference electrode.

Abstract: A cell lysis system (1) comprises a driver apparatus (2) and a cell lysis device (3) which are releasably attachable to one another. The cell lysis device (3) comprises an ultrasonic transducer (12) and a sonication chamber (11). The driver apparatus (2) drives the ultrasonic transducer (12) to output ultrasonic waves to lyse cells in a sample container (22) which is carried by the cell lysis device (3).

Abstract: The disclosure relates to an analyte sensor comprising a substrate, at least one working electrode, at least one second electrode and a membrane, wherein the membrane is located on top of the second electrode, and the second electrode has at least one first silver layer and at least one second silver layer which partially overlap with one another and have the same composition. The first and second silver layers intersect with one another to form a + or a T shape design. The sensor includes at least one exposed area of the first silver layer disposed on the exterior of the sensor to provide for direct contact with body fluid when implanted. The disclosure further relates to a process for manufacturing an analyte sensor.

Abstract: A sensor element (100) including: a detection element portion (300) provided with at least one cell (130, 140) having a solid electrolyte (105, 109) and a pair of electrodes (104, 106, 108, 110) disposed on the solid electrolyte; a measurement chamber (107c) faced by one of the electrodes; and a diffusion resistance portion (115) through which a gas to be measured is introduced from outside into the measurement chamber. A porous protection layer (21) is in direct contact with the diffusion resistance portion and covers the diffusion resistance portion. The porous protection layer contains ceramic particles which serve as a backbone, and has pores formed in gaps between the ceramic particles. A diameter ratio R represented by (an average diameter D1 (nm) of the pores/a particle diameter D2 (nm) at which an accumulated number of the ceramic particles accounts for 50%) is not greater than 100.

Abstract: The gene transfection system includes an acoustothermal module and a signal generating module; the acoustothermal module includes a piezoelectric substrate, an acoustothermal chip arranged on the piezoelectric substrate and N sound-absorbing vessels arranged on the acoustothermal chip and used for cultivating recipient cells, and N is an integer greater than or equal to 1; the signal generating module is used to output basic frequency signals; the acoustothermal chip is used to convert the basic frequency signal to an acoustic wave signal, establish a temperature gradient field with the acoustic wave signal, and control the temperature of the recipient cell in the sound-absorbing vessels with the temperature gradient field, so that the pores are opened on the membranes of the recipient cell, and the nucleic acids or other substances can go into the cells through these pores.

Abstract: A sensing platform for continuous water resource monitoring by electrochemical detection and solution parameter correction is provided. The sensing platform employs a solid-state electrolyte three-electrode cell, creating a high ionic strength environment within the solid-state electrolyte membrane, which is in ion exchange equilibria with the sampled solution. This device may be used as a standalone sensor in environments where the water parameters (pH temperature, and ionic strength) are controlled, or in concert with compensation sensors where water parameters are not controlled.

Abstract: Processes are described for the direct or indirect electrochemical alkaliation of an alkali metal deficient electrochemically active material. The processes include an electrolysis step either during the alkaliation of the alkali metal deficient electrochemically active material on an electrode current collector (direct) or during the regeneration of a reducing agent used for the alkaliation of the electrochemically active material (indirect).