Abstract: An inspection apparatus includes a light source that emits light, an optical amplifier that amplifies input light and outputs the amplified light, an optical system (an objective lens, an imaging optical system, and a scanning optical system) that irradiates a semiconductor device with the light from the light source and guides light from the semiconductor device to the optical amplifier, and a photodetector that detects the light output from the optical amplifier, and the optical amplifier amplifies the input light so that saturation does not occur.

Abstract: This disclosure describes circuits and techniques for determining inductance on an electrical line. In some examples, a method comprises charging a capacitor in time steps to a voltage level; counting a number of the time steps to the voltage level, wherein the number of the time steps defines a coarse measurement inductance of the electrical line; measuring a charging rate associated with charging the capacitor within a measurement window that is defined at the voltage level, wherein the charging rate associated with charging the capacitor within the measurement window defines a fine measurement of the inductance of the electrical line; and outputting an indication of the number of time steps and an indication of the charging rate associated with charging the capacitor within the measurement window.

Abstract: Systems and method for a multi-array magnetic sensing component, which can include a circuit base platform; a set of magnetic sensors arranged on the circuit base platform; and a circuit system comprising intermediary circuit components, signal input, and a signal output, the signal input being an electrical oscillator signal input and being directable to each magnetic sensor in the set of magnetic sensors, the signal output including magnetic field measurements from the set of magnetic sensors, wherein each magnetic field measurement is individually selectable, the circuit system being configured to turn on or off subsets of the set of magnetic sensors, and the intermediary circuit components including a mixer.

Abstract: A device includes a function circuit that operates based on power provided by a first positive supply voltage and a first negative supply voltage, a monitoring circuit that operates based on power provided by a second positive supply voltage and a second negative supply voltage and that generates a first monitor signal based on monitoring an operation of the function circuit, and an output circuit that generates a second monitor signal based on monitoring the first positive supply voltage, generates a third monitor signal based on monitoring the second positive supply voltage, and generates an output signal that is output through one or more output pins, based on the first monitor signal, the second monitor signal, and the third monitor signal.

Abstract: Disclosed is a sensing system to evaluate and monitor the status of a material forming part of a refractory furnace, integrating an antenna and a grating structure that might be part of the furnace. The system is operative to identify flaws and measure the erosion profile and thickness of different materials, including refractory materials of an industrial furnace, using radiofrequency signals. The system is designed to integrate the antenna with a grating adjacent to an external furnace wall to improve the overall performance of the sensing system as compared to that of the antenna alone during an inspection of the furnace, even in regions of difficult access. Furthermore, the system comprises a mechanism to physically attach the antenna to the furnace grating or to modify the grating configuration around the antenna to improve the system performance for better estimating the remaining operational life and maintenance plan of the furnace.

Abstract: Systems and methods for improving output stability of an RFPA. The systems may obtain an initial radio frequency signal to be amplified by the RFPA. The systems may also generate a compensated radio frequency signal by performing, based on a preset compensation rule and a set of compensation parameters, a gain compensation operation for the initial radio frequency signal. The set of compensation parameters may include a supply voltage of the RFPA and a transistor junction temperature of the RFPA. The systems may further generate, by performing a non-linear correction operation on the compensated radio frequency signal, a corrected radio frequency signal, which is transmitted to the RFPA.

Abstract: The discharge detector of the present invention includes a filter circuit configured to pass a noise superimposed on the current or voltage in a predetermined frequency range; an amplifier configured to amplify a level of the noise passed through the filter circuit; and a processor configured to detect occurrence of discharge based on the noise level amplified by the amplifier. The processor is set to have a threshold related to the noise level and a determination time to determine whether discharge has occurred. The processor is capable of selectively executing either one of a discharge detection mode or a learning mode. The processor in the learning mode executes the process of sampling the noise at the level of the threshold or more and resetting the value of the setting of the determination time based on a result of the sampling.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a water-detection device (100) for detecting a change in an amount of water (W) with respect to a baseline-condition. The water-detection device is configured to compare signal-quality values to baseline-values. The signal-quality values are indicative of a signal-quality metric that is correlated to the amount of water present in a signal-propagation path (S). The baseline-values are indicative of the signal-quality value obtained from the radio-frequency wireless communication signal at the baseline-condition. The water-detection device is configured to provide a water-detected signal (WD) indicative of a possible change of the amount water in the respective signal-propagation path upon determining that respective signal-quality value has been outside a tolerance-range of the baseline-value for a predetermined amount span, without the need of any dedicated water sensor.

Abstract: A device for measuring a conduit arranged in a submerged or subterraneous environment and surrounded by an insulator layer. The device includes a first electrode; a mounting unit to be arranged on a surface of the conduit to create an enclosure against the surface, the enclosure containing the first electrode and configured to form a dielectric between the first electrode and the environment. A second electrode is configured to be arranged at a distance of the surface and at a distance of the first electrode and is intended to be in contact with the environment. A measurement instrument is configured to determine a value which is representative of an impedance between the first electrode and the second electrode.

Abstract: A method includes determining a current magnetic field strength at a test location above a quantity of material buried at the test location, passing a direct current through a coil of an antenna to induce a magnetic polarity within a range with the determined magnetic field strength, transmitting a test signal with a fundamental frequency from an antenna at the test location, and detecting, at the test location, a reflected wave comprising the test fundamental frequency on the antenna. The method includes varying the test fundamental frequency while retransmitting the test signal and detecting a reflected wave until reflected waves of various test frequencies are detected and identifying from the detected reflected waves a resonant frequency corresponding to a maximum magnitude of the detected reflected waves. The material includes molecules with a resonant atom and at least one atom different than the resonant atom.

Abstract: Sense mirror circuitry receives a voltage signal having values corresponding to a magnitude of a measured current. Responsive to the values falling within a first predefined range, the sense mirror circuitry outputs a current at a first predefined magnitude that corresponds to the first predefined range. Responsive to the values falling within a second predefined range, the sense mirror circuitry outputs a current at a second predefined magnitude different than the first predefined magnitude and that corresponds to the second predefined range.

Abstract: A current sensor assembly includes a housing; a plurality of shields which are accommodated inside the housing and open toward the top of the housing; a plurality of bus bars to which three-phase current is applied and which are arranged spaced apart from each other so as to go past the plurality of shields, respectively; and a current sensor unit which includes a printed circuit board and a plurality of current sensors disposed on the printed circuit board to measure the current applied to the bus bars. The shields, the bus bars, and the current sensor unit are configured to be accommodated inside the housing, and the current sensors are spaced apart from the bus bars and disposed in the inner spaces of the shields.

Abstract: Circuitry for characterising a test impedance of a test load, the test load coupled between a sense node and a first driver node, the circuitry comprising: driver circuitry configured to apply a time-varying test stimulus between the first driver node and a second driver node, the test stimulus varied in step changes at one or more signal events; a reference load coupled between the second driver node and the sense node, the reference load having a programmable impedance; and a first integrator configured to integrate a voltage derived from the sense node to generate a first integrated signal; and measurement circuitry configured to derive one or more characteristics of the test impedance based on the programmable impedance and the first integrated signal.

Abstract: Fluxgate current transducer including a control circuit and a fluxgate device comprising a saturable soft magnetic core surrounded by an excitation coil, the control circuit comprising an excitation coil drive circuit connected to the excitation coil configured to generate an alternating magnetic field to alternatingly saturate the soft magnetic core. The excitation coil comprises a first winding and a second winding connected together at a common point forming an input of the first winding and an output of the second winding, the first winding connected in series to a first switch (S1) and the second winding connected in series to a second switch (S2).

Abstract: A method of using the relaxation rate (R1 and/or R2) of solvent NMR signal to invasively or noninvasively assess whether vaccines and other aqueous-based pharmaceutical products have been frozen during transport and/or storage.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method and an apparatus for optimizing and testing a harness layout of a battery swapping electrical interface. The method includes: obtaining a first distance, a second distance and initial floating data of the battery swapping electrical interface; adjusting the first distance and the second distance to obtain first floating data of the battery swapping electrical interface again; repeatedly inserting or pulling the plug into or out of the socket of the battery swapping electrical interface; obtaining second floating data of the battery swapping electrical interface after repeatedly inserting or pulling the plug into or out of the socket for a preset number of times; and determining the current first distance and second distance as optimal distances if it is judged that the second floating data is in the second index interval.

Abstract: A conductivity meter includes a measurement unit including an electrode arranged as being in contact with sample water and a substrate on which a circuit that processes information outputted from the measurement unit is mounted. The measurement unit and the substrate are connected to each other, with a wall portion being interposed, the wall portion partitioning a space in a housing into a water section and an electric section. The measurement unit is arranged on a first surface of the wall portion on a side of the water section such that the electrode is located in an opening provided in the wall portion. The substrate is arranged on a second surface of the wall portion on a side of the electric section such that an electrode contact that electrically connects a power supply and a circuit to each other is located in the opening.

Abstract: In a method for determining at least one test position for a test measurement to be recorded by means of a magnetic resonance system, a test image is recorded, and at least one test position is selected based on the test image. With methods for the compensation of effects of deviations of gradients actually generated during a readout duration from gradients planned for this readout time duration, the selection of test positions according to the disclosure based on a test image advantageously ensures that the test positions lie in a recording region favorable for the test measurement, e.g. also within an examination object to be examined in the test image. A higher image quality in MR images, which were generated using test measurements carried out at test positions positioned according to the disclosure, can therefore be achieved.

Abstract: An optically pumped atomic beam apparatus based on curved four conductors includes a vacuum chamber; and a magnetic shielding chamber, a beam source device, a curved four-conductor static magnetic field generation structure, a microwave cavity, and a fluorescence collection device are disposed in the vacuum chamber. The curved four-conductor static magnetic field generation structure is composed of the curved four conductors with same shapes and sizes, and the curved four conductors are symmetrically arranged by taking an atomic beam as a center axis; a middle portion of each of the curved four conductors is a straight section, and two end portions of each of the curved four conductors are two curved sections bent towards the atomic beam; and a rectangle is formed by intersecting any plane perpendicular to the atomic beam with the curved four conductors, and a length-width ratio of each rectangle is the same.

Abstract: A current sense circuit may comprise a first circuit node and a second circuit node configured to be coupled to a first terminal and a second terminal of a current sense resistor, respectively; differential amplifier including a first input and a second input which are coupled to the first circuit node and the second circuit node via a first input resistor and a second input resistor; a voltage source, configured to set the voltage at the first input of the differential amplifier; and a controllable current mirror configured to sink or source a first current in its input branch based on one or more outputs of the differential amplifier and to generate a corresponding second current in its output branch. The input branch is coupled to the second input of the differential amplifier. A biasing circuit is coupled to the controllable current mirror.