Abstract: The invention concerns a current detector (10) suited to measure a current circulating in an electrical conductor (12), the current detector (10) including: a probe (14) including: a converter (18) suited to convert the magnetic field induced by the current to be measured in the conductor (12) into a voltage, wherein the converter (18) is a magnetostrictive, piezoelectric composite material, and a circuit (16) for detecting the voltage converted by the converter (18).

Abstract: A sensor includes two magnetic sensors detecting a magnetic field around an object, and outputting at least one of a magnetic field signal and a temperature signal, an optical system emitting the excitation light to the two magnetic sensors, and a processor calculating a difference between a magnetic fields corresponding to the magnetic field signal detected by the two magnetic sensors, wherein each of the magnetic sensors includes an element disposed around the object and having color centers, an antenna radiating a microwave magnetic field to the element, an optical sensor detecting an intensity of a fluorescence generated by the element, and outputting an intensity signal, and a controller calculating at least one of a magnetic field and temperature around the measurement object, and output at least one of a magnetic field signal indicating the calculated magnetic field and a temperature signal indicating the calculated temperature to the processor.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a first printed circuit board (PCB), the first PCB including a first interface, and a corrosion sensor assembly. The corrosion sensor assembly including a second interface arranged to be coupled to the first interface. The corrosion sensor assembly further including a signal trace field and a plurality of components, where the signal trace field and the plurality of components are arranged to provide an indication of whether the apparatus is in an environment that is corrosive.

Abstract: A magnetographic camera may be based on an optically pumped magnetometer (OPM). The magnetographic camera may measure a spatial distribution of magnetic field produced by a sample that may be stationary in time or may dynamically vary with time. The magnetographic camera may include a magnetic field detector housing containing a vapor cell. The magnetographic camera may include a laser light source to illuminate the vapor cell causing a magnetic field image of a sample to be generated. The magnetographic camera may include an optical detector to encode and store the magnetic field image of the sample that is spatially encoded as a distribution of light.

Abstract: A method may comprise measuring, by a conductivity or resistance measuring device, the conductivity or resistance of a surface of a substrate; comparing, by the conductivity or resistance measuring device, the measured conductivity or resistance to a reference value; and/or determining, by the conductivity or resistance measuring device, a presence or an absence of an antimicrobial system on the surface. The antimicrobial system may comprise a first coating, wherein the first coating may comprise an antimicrobial compound, wherein the antimicrobial compound may comprise a first end and a second end opposite the first end with a hydrocarbon chain therebetween, wherein the antimicrobial compound may comprise a cationic functional group on the first end and a silane group on the second end.

Abstract: A laser diagnostic device may include a beamsplitter to split one or more input pulses into one or more fundamental pulses and one or more perturbing pulses, one or more beam-combining optics to combine the fundamental and perturbing pulses at a detection plane, a detector including a solid-state material at the detection plane, and a controller. The controller may receive a detector signal from the detector is indicative of nonlinear absorption in the solid-state medium of the fundamental pulses that is perturbed by the perturbing pulses. The controller may further extract a temporal electric field waveform of the one or more input pulses from the detector signal and provide as an output at least one of the temporal electric field waveform, a spectrum, or a spectral phase of the one or more input pulses.

Abstract: A time-multiplexed dual atomic magnetometer includes first and second vapor cells such that an external magnetic field induces Larmor precession of atoms within the vapor cells. The magnetometer includes first and second polarimeters for measuring first and second polarizations of first and second probe beams that propagate through the first and second vapor cells, respectively. The magnetometer includes a controller that gates the probe beams such that (i) the first probe beam propagates through the first vapor cell during a first measurement stage, (ii) the second probe beam does not propagate through the second vapor cell during the first measurement stage, (iii) the second probe beam propagates through the second vapor cell during a second measurement stage that begins when the first measurement stage ends, and (iv) the first probe beam does not propagate through the first vapor cell during the second measurement stage.

Abstract: A method for ascertaining the wear of a contact tube during a robot-assisted welding method on a workpiece using a welding torch with a consumable welding wire includes the steps of measuring a welding current, measuring a welding voltage, dividing the welding current so measured by the welding voltage so measured to calculate a conductance value and comparing the conductance value with at least one defined conductance threshold value or dividing the welding voltage so measured by the welding current so measured to calculate a resistance value and comparing the resistance value with at least one defined resistance threshold value, and issuing a warning when at least one of the conductance value equals the at least one defined conductance threshold value and the resistance value equals the at least one defined resistance threshold value.

Abstract: Position sensors, including linear position sensors, that utilize magnetic field(s) are disclosed. Disclosed sensors include flux emitters and sensor assemblies. The sensor assemblies include flux collectors that interact with magnetic fields from flux emitters and with a magnetism sensing device. Flux emitters have arrangements of magnets that when combined with the sensor assembly can provide a constantly increasing or a constantly decreasing signal across a range of relative movement.

Abstract: An apparatus for identifying a fault in the windings of a distribution transformer, a transformer, and an associated method, said device comprising: a first Rogowski current sensor at a high-voltage incoming current terminal, and a second Rogowski current sensor in tandem at a low-voltage outgoing current terminal and at a low-voltage incoming current terminal; a first conductor of the low-voltage outgoing current terminal, passed through in one direction through the second sensor, and a second conductor of the low-voltage incoming current terminal, passed through in the opposite direction through the second sensor; the first and second sensors generate output signals indicating the primary current and the secondary current; both signals are integrated, generating output signals proportional to the primary current and the secondary current, obtaining a transformation ratio, which is compared with a threshold, and sending a fault signal if said threshold is exceeded.

Abstract: A state detection apparatus includes a communication circuit that transmits information to an external apparatus, a control circuit that operates the communication circuit at a first timing, a battery that supplies electric power to the communication and control circuits, and a first explosion-proof barrier connected between a contact circuit and the control circuit. The control circuit applies a test signal, generated based on voltage from the battery, to the contact circuit at a second timing arriving at shorter intervals than the first timing, acquires a detection signal indicating current flow in the contact circuit due to test signal application, and regardless of the first timing, operates the communication circuit when the detection signal is acquired to transmit to the external apparatus that the state of a device connected to the contact circuit is abnormal.

Abstract: A method of using the transverse relaxation time (T2) of solvent NMR signal to detect filling errors of an alum-containing product in real-time and in-line during manufacturing, for example during a fill-finish unit operation. This method can be used for quality control in vaccine manufacturing to ensure the delivery of the correct concentration of alum-containing product to the product container such as a vial or pre-filled syringe.

Abstract: A measurement system is proposed for building a magnetic field map of an object. The system comprising: a light source arrangement for emitting a plurality of light beams, a respective light beam being configured to travel in the measurement system along a respective optical path; a plurality of measurement sensors sharing a first magneto-optical layer comprising at least a first Faraday material layer and a first light reflector for reflecting the plurality of light beams travelled through the first Faraday material layer in a first direction back to the first Faraday material layer in a second, opposite direction; one or more reference sensors; and one or more light detectors.

Abstract: A chemical bond evaluation method capable of directly evaluating the presence or absence of a chemical bond between silica and a silane coupling agent includes performing multidimensional solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis on a rubber composition comprising a rubber component, a silica, and a silane coupling agent; and evaluating the presence or absence of a chemical bond between silica and the silane coupling agent in the rubber composition containing a rubber component, the silica, and the silane coupling agent.

Abstract: A voltage potential measurement arrangement for measuring a voltage potential on a conductor in an encapsulated power switching device includes at least a portion of the conductor surrounded by a field control component, in particular a field control electrode, having a measuring electrode for capacitive coupling to the conductor. The measuring electrode is disposed outside of the field control component and the field control component is penetrated by at least one aperture at the height of the measuring electrode. A corresponding encapsulated power switching device is also provided.

Abstract: A controllable bias field Bbias is applied to a single total-field OPM to maintain signal lock when an observable magnetic field Bmeas enters the OPM's dead zone. One or more electromagnetic (EM) coils are placed in proximity to the single OPM. Based on either a calibration of the field or a measured signal strength, a current command is calculated and applied to the one or more coils to produce the bias field Bbias to lift the observable magnetic field Bmeas out of the dead zone. The bias level is updated at a rate sufficient to maintain signal lock without interfering with the operation of the OPM. This allows a single OPM to sense the observable magnetic field Bmeas in all directions without having to either re-orient the OPM or to use multiple orthogonally positioned OPMs.

Abstract: An absolute thickness distribution cannot be accurately calculated with a conventional technique. A sensor device is provided that includes a plurality of magnetic sensors arranged to face an outer circumference surface of a pipeline and ultrasonic sensors arranged to face the outer circumference surface and measure a thickness of the pipeline in a measurement region in which the plurality of magnetic sensors measure a magnetic field, the ultrasonic sensors being less than the plurality of magnetic sensors.

Abstract: An integrated circuit package and method of fabrication are described. The integrated circuit package includes a lead frame having a first surface and a second opposing surface and a semiconductor die having a first, active surface in which circuitry is disposed and a second opposing surface attached to the first surface of the lead frame. A magnet attached to the second surface of the lead frame has a non-contiguous central region and at least one channel extending laterally from the central region. An overmold material forms an enclosure surrounding the magnet, semiconductor die, and a portion of the lead frame.

Abstract: According to various embodiments, a direct magnetic gradiometer having intrinsic subtraction of rotation signals from two oppositely polarized atomic ensembles within a single multi-pass cell is disclosed. The gradiometer includes three convex spherical mirrors aligned in a V-shape geometry. The three convex spherical mirrors include a front mirror and two back mirrors. The gradiometer further includes a probe laser beam. The laser beam is configured to be initially focused at a near-zero angle into a hole at a center of the front mirror such that the laser beam expands at the back mirrors and nearly overlaps with itself while undergoing multiple reflections between the front and back mirrors. The laser beam is further configured to be refocused to the front mirror at different spots in a number equal to half of total beam passes before exiting.

Abstract: The present invention provides method for processing spin magnetometry data of a sample, said data generated with a point defects-based spin magnetometer, and for providing information on the presence and properties of a particular compound in the sample, wherein said method comprises: (1) Subjecting the sample to a spin magnetometry measurement with the point defects-based spin magnetometer to generate a string or an array of the spin measurement results of said sample, said string or an array of the spin measurement results is an input for an external memory; and (2) Applying a deep-learning method on said spin measurement results in the external memory to output a single bit whose value is ‘0’ or ‘1’, or an array of bits, or an array of integers, or an array of complex numbers, wherein said single bit, or said array of bits, or said array of integers, or said array of complex numbers corresponds to an estimated frequency and/or an amplitude of the input, thereby providing information on the presence and p