Abstract: A mean distribution of viewer looking time for a group of individuals each viewing a dynamic audio and visual video program measures the mean attention span corresponding to each distinct audio and video component of the overall program. The video program is recorded in measured sequential scenes, with each scene corresponding to a selected audio or visual signal and being comprised of distinct visual areas of interest. Eye point of gaze data is recorded for the duration of the program for each individual viewer in the group. A compiled eye point of gaze data file is compared with a scene by scene data file to produce a third data file showing a mean distribution of viewer looking time for each selected audio and visual signal.

Abstract: A stereoscopic microscope including a stereoscopic optical system for observing an object under examination, an index projected on the object, a light-receiving unit for receiving an image of the index reflected by the object, an image variable magnification unit for changing the size of the reflected image on the light-receiving unit, a variable magnification detection unit for detecting the magnification set by the image variable magnification unit, and an operation unit for calculating a curved shape of the object from data from the detection unit and data from the light-receiving unit.

Abstract: An improved operating microscope includes a beamsplitter for splitting a portion of the visible image of the object, and an image enhancement device for performing image enhancement techniques on the split portion of the visible image. The enhanced visible image is then combined in real time with the unenhanced visible image so that a surgeon using the operating microscope sees the combined image. The combination provides automatic correlation of the enhanced image with the visible image. The present invention may be retrofit to existing microscopes, which in a preferred embodiment are binocular stereoscopic operating microscopes.

Abstract: An improved pair of eyeglasses for use by a wearer including a frame member having lens rim portions and a nose bridge portion for connecting the lens rim portions together, with lens members adapted to be fitted within the lens rim portions and securing means with the frame membr for securing the frame member with the wearer when in use by the wearer. The improved pair of eyeglasses further includes a protector member mounted adjacent the nose bridge portion for protecting the nose of the wearer from harmful environmental effects, with the protector member being movable between a first position substantially covering the nose of the wearer and a second position wherein the protector member is substantially stowed adjacent the nose bridge portion, as is desired by the wearer.

Abstract: A filter holder which clips on to an ophthalmic trial refraction frame or clip on to a person's spectacles with a clip on attachment is disclosed comprising a knob which rotates a shaft and a gear. The gear engages a ring with teeth in it. This ring is attached to a plate which has a channel cut through it, a pin to locate the position of the variable neutral density filter and a locking disc which holds the filter against the plate. On the back of the filter holder is a disc with an aperture mounted off the axis of symmetry of the filter holder so that the aperture is aligned with the channel in the edge of the plate. The patient sights through the aperture, the channel and the variable neutral density filter. By turning the knob, the neutral density filter rotates and the density in log units can be read on a scale on the front of the body of the filter holder.

Abstract: A photokeratometric device for attachment to a photoslit lamp microscope having a light source therein comprises a keratometric pattern plate having an opening in the center thereof and a mount for supporting the plate for reproducing through the microscope an image of the cornea of a patient being examined with the keratometric pattern superimposed thereon.

Abstract: The front assembly of an eyeglass frame comprises two rim members. Each of these is adapted to hold a respective lens. The two rim members are joined together by a bridge member. Each rim member comprises at least one part made from a shape memory alloy and a main part made from a neutral material.

Abstract: A device and method for preloading a force against two counter-reciprocating (116 and 118) members has a rocker arm (136) having a fulcrum (114) and a predetermined force constantly applied against said rocker arm at approximately said fulcrum (114). Said rocker arm (136) bears against a contact surface (148 and 150) on each counter-reciprocating member. The rocker arm (136) is positioned so that, as said members counter-reciprocate, said rocker arm (136) maintains its contact with each of said contact surfaces (148 and 150) and transfers at least a portion of said predetermined force to each of said contact surfaces (148 and 150) throughout said counter-reciprocation of said members.

Abstract: A product whereby diffraction patterns and holograms directly onto surfaces of metal material, such as aluminum. Products include household aluminum foil with embossed holograms, and aluminum beverage cans with an embossed hologram on its outside.

Abstract: In a dynamic optometer, a variation in the direction of a subject's eye, namely, in the direction of gaze is measured by a direction detector to tilt a bi-axial rocking mirror according to the output of the detector, and an actual image of an eyeball formed by a pair of concave spherical mirrors is reflected to an optical system by the rocking mirror varying the direction of incidence. A second actual image which is formed immediately before a light source by the optical system is stably fixated in one direction, so that the eye is irradiated with light constantly from the front side in spite of eye movements. Accordingly, the refractive power can be measured, unaffected by the movement of an eyeball.

Abstract: Eyeglass frames fabricated from shape-memory alloys which have optimized elastic properties, which exhibit a combination of shape-memory and optimized elastic properties, which utilize the shape-memory property of these alloys in fastening elements or which utilize the flexibility and fatigue resistance of the martensite state of the alloys as a hinge element.

Abstract: Apparatus for measuring curvature of an object automatically is so composed to guide two radiation beams reflected by the object to a linear image sensor, and determine the curvature of the object from the signals obtained from the linear image sensor, in response to the distance of two radiation beams on the sensor. The apparatus is further provided with an image rotator between means for generating two radiation beams and the object.

Abstract: There is disclosed a high performance lens usable in the ultraviolet region of the spectrum. It is a lens of triplet form modified by the addition of double-Gaussshells with a strong field flattening lens near the fast end.

Abstract: An eyeglass frame comprises a variable length member made up of two parts adapted to be inserted one inside the other to a variable distance. At least one shape memory alloy ring or sleeve member is mounted on one of these two parts. The ring or sleeve member is adapted to immobilize the two parts relative to each other at ambient temperature.

Abstract: A system for examining the color vision response of a human being utilizes substantially identical multicolor LEDs to function as reference and comparison color light sources. In one embodiment, the colors emitted by the LEDs are controlled by respectively associated voltage dividers. The voltage divider which cooperates with an LED to produce a reference color, is provided with a switching arrangement whereby one of a plurality of reference color compositions can be selected. The comparison color light is controlled by a voltage divider which is substantially continuously adjustable.

Abstract: A hyperacuity testing instrument is adapted to evaluate visual function by selectively changing the relative position of two spots or points of light that function as visual stimuli for observation by a patient. The instrument includes a laser that emits a single beam of light that is split into two beams when it passes through a bi-prism. The beams of light are visually shown as two spots on a display screen for recorded perception by a patient. A rotary adjustment selectively varies the rotational positions of the spots relative to each other whereas a linear adjustment selectively varies the separation gap between the spots. The recorded data enables a surgeon to determine whether corrective surgery to remove an ocular media opacity will, in fact, improve vision, i.e., the test procedure "penetrates" the opacity to assess visual function at the retinal-neural level.

Abstract: An ophthalmic measuring apparatus has an ultrasonic detector for measuring the length of a predetermined region of an eye to be examined, a device provided with a center axis coaxial with the center axis of the vibrator of the ultrasonic detector and projecting an index mark onto the cornea of the eye to be examined, and an imaging optical system for forming the corneal reflection image of the index mark on a predetermined image plane to measure the shape of the cornea.

Abstract: A removable and replaceable halogen light bulb unit for use in a slit lamp to examine the human eye. The unit includes a circular, disc-shaped base member to which a halogen bulb is mounted by support members. The unit further includes a reflector mounted between the base member and filament of the halogen bulb to reflect back into the slit lamp nearly all of the light which would otherwise pass upwardly and out of the slit lamp through the air holes.

Abstract: The exchangeable lens eyeglasses of the present invention include a frame including a front preferably formed as a one-piece molded plastic part having a pair of spaced rims each having an upper end and a lower end with a bridge interconnecting the rims. The bridge defines an opening. The eyeglasses further include a pair of lenses with each lens supported by a corresponding rim. Each rim has an abutment surface disposed on one side of its lens and a support rib extending on the other side of its lens and cooperating with the abutment surface to seat that lens. The support rib is discontinuous between the lower end the upper end of its rim adjacent the bridge. The eyeglasses further include a retainer preferably formed as a one-piece molded plastic part which is releasably held by the front and has a component received in the opening. The retainer overlaps both lenses and cooperates with the abutment surface of the rims to capture the lenses.

Abstract: An optical system particularly for a laser beam printer comprising a semiconductor laser, a collimating lens, a cylindrical lens having curvature in the sub-scanning cross section, a deflector and anamorphic scanning lens system concentrating the light on a scanning plane. The anamorphic scanning lens system may have one to four lenses but has one lens with a convex toric surface facing the scanning plane. The anamorphic scanning lens system has stronger power in the sub-scanning cross section than in the main scanning cross section.