Abstract: The present invention relates to a radiation detector (100) comprising: i) a substrate (110); ii) a sensor, which is coupled to the substrate, the sensor comprising a first array (120) of sensor pixels, a second array (130) of signal read-out elements, and an electronic circuitry which is configured to provide image data based on signals received from the signal read-out elements; iii) a transducer, which is coupled to the substrate and to the sensor, the transducer comprising a third array (140) of subpixels, wherein at least two subpixels are assigned to one sensor pixel; wherein the second array of signal read-out elements and the third array of subpixels correspond to each other; wherein each of the subpixels comprises a radiation conversion material.

Abstract: A method for detecting a position of an energy beam comprises mapping a first density modulated x-ray signal with a plurality of locations on an energy beam target, thereby generating a model of a background x-ray intensity. The method further comprises forming an x-ray signal time series using subsequent intensity modulated x-ray signals, each resulting from scanning the energy beam along the energy beam target in one of a plurality of directions at one of a plurality of speeds, and determining the position of the energy beam based upon a received x-ray signal strength based on the x-ray signal time series and the model of the background x-ray intensity.

Abstract: An imaging region including a plurality of detection elements each including a conversion element configured to convert radiation into an electric signal, a first signal line, and a signal processing circuit configured to process a signal output via the first signal line, wherein the plurality of detection elements include a first detection element and a second detection element which are connected to the first signal line, a sensitivity of the first detection element to radiation is set to be different from a sensitivity of the second detection element to radiation, and the signal processing circuit generates information related to irradiation of radiation to the imaging region based on signals from the first detection element and the second detection element which are connected to the first signal line.

Abstract: In a detecting device, infrared light is emitted by a first source in a detection target space; second light of a wavelength different from the infrared light is emitted by a second source in a direction different from a direction of the infrared light being emitted by the first source. A reflecting section provided in the direction of the second light being emitted reflects the second light. A light receiver receives infrared light emitted by the first source and reflected by the object, and receives infrared light radiating from the object as a result of the object being irradiated with the infrared light emitted by the first source and being irradiated with the second light emitted by the second source and reflected by the reflecting section. A detector detects the object based on the infrared light received by the light receiver.

Abstract: Improved techniques for quantification of detected gases are provided. In one example, a method includes receiving infrared radiation from a scene at a sensor array comprising first and second sets of infrared sensors associated with first and second wavelength ranges of the infrared radiation, respectively. The method also includes capturing first and second images by the first and second sets of infrared sensors, respectively. The method also includes detecting a background object in the first image. The method also includes tracking the background object to identify the background object in the second image. The method also includes updating a radiometric scene map with first and second radiometric values associated with the first and second images and correlated to a location of the background object in the scene. The method also includes performing gas quantification using the radiometric scene map. Additional systems and methods are also provided.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a radiation detector comprising: a substrate of an intrinsic semiconductor; a semiconductor single crystal in a recess in the substrate, the semiconductor single crystal having a different composition from the intrinsic semiconductor; a first electrical contact in electrical contact with the semiconductor single crystal; a second electrical contact on or in the substrate, and surrounding the first electrical contact or the semiconductor single crystal, wherein the second electrical contact is electrically isolated from the semiconductor single crystal; wherein the radiation detector is configured to absorb radiation particles incident on the semiconductor single crystal and to generate charge carriers.

Abstract: The present invention provides a plasma generating system that includes: a waveguide; a plasma cavity coupled to the waveguide and configured to generate a plasma therewithin by use of microwave energy; a hollow cylinder protruding from a wall of the waveguide and having a bottom cap that has an aperture; a detection unit for receiving the light emitted by the plasma through the aperture and configured to measure intensities of the light in an ultraviolet (UV) range and an infrared (IR) range; and a controller for controlling the detection unit.

Abstract: A pixel for an image sensor includes a resistive microbolometer sensor portion, a visible image sensor portion, and an output path. The resistive microbolometer sensor portion outputs a signal corresponding to an infrared (IR) image sensed by the resistive microbolometer sensor portion. The resistive microbolometer sensor portion uses no bias current. The visible image sensor portion outputs a signal corresponding to a visible image sensed by the visible image sensor portion. The output path is shared by the resistive microbolometer sensor portion and the visible image sensor portion, and may be controlled to selectively output the signal corresponding to the IR image, the signal corresponding to the visible image, or a fused image based on the IR image and the visible image. The resistive microbolometer sensor portion may sense a near infrared image or a longwave infrared image.

Abstract: A method is provided for determining the dose rate {dot over (H)} of nuclear radiation field, namely a gamma radiation field, with a radiation detection system (RDS), comprising a scintillator, a photodetector, an amplifier and a pulse measurement electronics. The pulse measurement electronics includes a sampling analog to digital converter, where the nuclear radiation deposes at least some of its energy in the scintillator, thereby producing excited states in the scintillation material, with the excited states decaying thereafter under emission of photons with a decay time ?. Photons are absorbed by the photodetector under emission of electrons, those electrons forming a current pulse, said current pulse being amplified so that the resulting current signal can be processed further in order to determine the charge of the pulse measured.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, and systems provide improved identification of selected biohazard and/or biohazard signatures from complex in vivo or in vitro samples and include deep UV native fluorescence spectroscopic analysis for multiple locations of a sample wherein classification results for individual locations are combined and spatially correlated to provide a positive or negative conclusion of biohazard signature presence (e.g., for signatures for viruses, bacteria, and diseases including SARS-CoV-2 and its variants and COVID-19 and its variants). Improvements include one or more of reduced sample processing time (minutes to fractions of a minute), reduced sampling cost (dollars to fractions of a dollar), high conclusion reliability (rivaling real time RT-PCR). Some embodiments may incorporate a stage or scanning mirror system to provide movement of a sample relative to an excitation exposure location. Some embodiments may incorporate Raman or phosphorescence spectroscopic analysis as well as imaging systems.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are disclosed for highly accurate remote measurement of sea surface skin temperature. Thermal band 8 to 14 micron images of the surface of the ocean taken by a downward looking infrared camera are processed to determine the optimum segments of the image to utilize. The influence of contaminating reflection of the downwelling flux from the sky and other error sources are removed and from the data and/or otherwise corrected for making sea surface temperature accuracy within several tenths of a degree possible.

Abstract: Systems for detecting a presence of a microbolometer are provided. The systems may also discriminate a type of the microbolometer. The systems may comprise analog filtering and processing or digital filtering and processing. In some examples, both analog and digital filtering may be used. For example, a system may comprises a photodiode, an analog to digital converter (ADC) having a frequency sampling rate of at least two times an expected frequency range of known microbolometers and a processor. The ADC may receive an amplified output from the photodiode and produce a sampled sequence using the frequency sampling rate. The processor converts the sampled sequence into a frequency profile, examines the frequency profile to identity at least a fundamental frequency and determines whether a microbolometer is detected in a line of sight of the photodiode based on the fundamental frequency.

Abstract: A thermal monitoring system includes thermal monitoring devices that generate sensor data including thermal images depicting monitored elements (e.g. of an electrical switchgear system). The sensor data for all monitoring devices installed at a local deployment is collected by a gateway device, and relevant data from multiple local deployments is further aggregated by a cloud management system for further analysis. New event triggering rules determining how the thermal monitoring devices filter or record the sensor data are generated based on the aggregated data during a continuous learning process. The system detects patterns in the sensor data for the monitoring devices and/or local deployments as a whole and tracks deviations from these patterns, improving the accuracy of the event detection over time.

Abstract: A radiation image capturing apparatus including a sensor substrate including a flexible base material and a plurality of pixels accumulating electric charges generated in accordance with radiation, a flexible first cable of which one end is electrically connected to the sensor substrate, and a flexible first circuit substrate that is electrically connected to the other end of the first cable and in which a first circuit unit driven in a case of reading out the electric charges accumulated in the plurality of pixels is mounted is provided.

Abstract: The detection system according to the present invention has a detection chip, a light source, and a detection unit. The detection chip has a housing that has an opening at an upper portion, and a reaction field for trapping a substance to be detected, the reaction field being arranged on an inner surface of the side walls included in the housing. The light source irradiates the detection chip with light from the outside such that evanescent light or surface plasmon resonance is generated under the reaction field. The detection unit detects light which is emitted from the detection chip when the light source irradiates the detection chip with light, and the amount of which changes depending on the amount of the substance to be detected trapped in the reaction field.

Abstract: Multiple tagged neutrons are emitted from an associated particle imaging neutron generator. The tagged neutrons penetrate a target material and interact with the target material nucleus—which emits nucleus-specific gamma rays. A gamma ray detector detects all gamma rays—including the nucleus-specific gamma rays. An alpha-gamma timing spectrum is constructed for all detected gamma rays. For a specific energy level (MeV) corresponding with the target material nucleus, a peak in the alpha gamma timing spectrum indicates the presence of the target material. Based on the peaking time of the gamma rays (due to tagged neutrons interaction with the target material nucleus) in the alpha-gamma timing spectrum for the specific energy level, the distance from the neutron generator to the target material can be calculated. The nucleus-specific gamma ray spectrum data can be effectively collimated by programming the system to detect the gamma rays in a time window corresponding to the peaking time.

Abstract: A system, apparatus and method of improved measurement of the SPF factor of sunscreen compositions. In one embodiment, a method of measuring the protection of a sunscreen composition includes exposing skin to a known intensity of light, measuring the amount of remitted light from the skin, applying sunscreen to the skin, exposing the skin to which the sunscreen has been applied the known intensity of emitted light of the spectrum of light from which the sunscreen is intended to protect the skin, measuring the amount of light remitted from the skin, and calculating a UltraViolet-A Protection Factor (UVA-PF) of the sunscreen by comparing the amount of light remitted from the skin with the sunscreen to the amount of light remitted from the skin without the sunscreen.

Abstract: Techniques are disclosed for systems and methods to provide a radiation detector module for a radiation detector. A radiation detector module includes a metallic and/or metalized enclosure, a radiation sensor disposed within the enclosure, readout electronics configured to provide radiation detection event signals corresponding to incident ionizing radiation in the radiation sensor, and a cap including an internal interface configured to couple to the readout electronics and an external interface configured to couple to a radiation detector, where the cap is configured to hermetically seal the radiation sensor within the enclosure. The cap may be implemented as an edge plated printed circuit board (PCB) including a slot configured to mate with a planar edge of an open surface of the enclosure, where the slot is soldered to the planar edge of the enclosure to hermetically seal the radiation sensor within the enclosure.

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses an infrared sensor structure, comprises a cantilever switch array, the cantilever switch array comprises cantilever switches, and each cantilever switch comprises a cantilever beam and a switch corresponding to the cantilever beam, vertical heights from the cantilever beams to the switches in different cantilever switches are different from each other, when the cantilever beams are deformed towards the switches and connect to the switches, the switches turn on; wherein, deformations of different cantilever beams produced by absorbing infrared signal are different from each other, the intensity of the infrared signal can be quantified by number of the switches on, so as to realize detection of the infrared signal. The manufacturing of the infrared sensor structure in the present disclosure can be compatible with the existing semiconductor CMOS process.

Abstract: A transmission type color calibration chart includes a transparent substrate and a color bar group formed on the transparent substrate, wherein the color bar group is constituted by color bars of a plurality of colors containing at least a first color and a second color arranged in a pattern in no particular order, coordinate points of the first color are within a region encompassed by the four points (0.351, 0.649), (0.547, 0.453), (0.380, 0.506) and (0.433, 0.464) on an xy chromaticity diagram, coordinate points of the second color are within a region encompassed by the four points (0.125, 0.489), (0.112, 0.229), (0.270, 0.407) and (0.224, 0.242) on an xy chromaticity diagram, and the transmission spectrum of the first color's color bar and the transmission spectrum of the second color's color bar have peak tops that are respectively separated.