Abstract: A color analyzer for determining the exposure time required for printing color photographs by an enlarger comprising a measuring unit having three photoelectric cells. The analyzer is further provided with a control unit being electrically connected to the measuring unit and having an electric circuit for determining the exposure time. According to the present invention, the characteristic values of the color components, blue, green and red are measured by a respective photoelectric cell for a test print as electric signals generated by the cells at voltages of S.sub.BO, S.sub.GO, and S.sub.RO at the associated exposure time t.sub.o. These values are stored in a memory and the exposure time t of an arbitrary picture is determined with the aid of measured signals S.sub.B, S.sub.G and S.sub.R for the components blue, green, and red. This determination is computed by way of the formula:t=3t.sub.o /[(S.sub.B /S.sub.BO)+(S.sub.G /S.sub.GO)+(S.sub.R /S.sub.RO)].

Abstract: Improvements on a DC plasma jet generator for emission spectrochemical analysis wherein two anode blocks and one cathode block are positioned in an inverted Y shape, and each of the anode blocks has a cylinder, a piston, an an anode received by a recess in the end of the piston. Each anode can be secured in the recess at the end of the piston in the corresponding anode block by magnetic force. Each of the anode and cathode blocks is pivotable so that the associated electrode attached to each block can be fixed upright with the free end thereof directed upward. This means that the electrodes can be replaced easily as well as speedily by remote control using manipulators.

Abstract: The image of an object is focused on a pair of photoelectric transducer arrays through a focusing lens, a beam splitter, and cylindrical lenses, the photoelectric transducer arrays having longitudinal axes extending substantially perpendicularly to each other. A scanning unit operates to move object images one-dimensionally over the photoelectric transducer arrays at an angle to the longitudinal axes thereof. A control unit is responsive to detected signals from the photoelectric transducer arrays and generates a scanning signal for the scanning unit for determining a two-dimensional position of the object with respect to the photoelectric transducer arrays. The beam splitter and the cylindrical lenses may be dispensed with, and the photoelectric transducer arrays may be replaced with a matrix of four photoelectric transducers.

Abstract: A mask inspection apparatus is arranged to compare a measured data signal obtained by optically measuring a photomask with a design data signal representing an integrated circuit pattern so as to inspect defects of the photomask on which the integrated circuit pattern is drawn. To inspect the pattern area and its peripheral area of the mask in one step, a reference signal generator in the mask inspection apparatus is arranged to generate a reference signal containing a predetermined additional data signal representing the peripheral area of the integrated circuit pattern, in addition to the design data signal representing the integrated circuit pattern. The reference signal is compared with the measured data signal of the pattern area and its peripheral area.

Abstract: A system for measuring fluorescence-suppressed Raman Scattering using intensity-modulated laser excitation, electro-optic demodulation of the emitted and scattered light, and a means to adjust the phase of optical transmission of the demodulator relative to the laser modulation.

Abstract: A slit changing device for a monochrometer comprises a slit disc forming a plurality of pairs of slits each having different widths, a pulse motor for rotating the slit disc, a control circuit for activating the pulse motor, so that any pair of the pairs of slits can be selected, and a keyboard operated to enter target slit information into the control circuit. The coupling between the slit disc and the pulse motor is slipless and backlashless. The control circuit comprises a present slit pulse counter for storing the pulse number of a presently selected slit pair and a target pulse counter for storing the pulse number of a target slit pair.

Abstract: A device for measuring an extremely diminished intensity of light by superposing a plurality of streaking images of the light beams caused by fluorescence occurring in a phosphor layer where secondary electrons are incident thereon in single photon units. A streaking image is formed by secondary electrons generated within a streaking tube through which electrons generated in a photoelectric layer therein are accelerated to the phosphor layer therein when passing through a micro-channel-plate therein. The superposed streaking images with enhanced brightness are then picked up by a television camera.

Abstract: Disclosed is an element characteristic measuring apparatus provided with a first illuminating system for uniformly illuminating the whole area of an element, a second illuminating system for providing an imaging illumination to a part area of the element, and an output detector for detecting the output of the illuminated element.

Abstract: Apparatus for identifying multiparametric properties of particles, comprising:a non-divergent quadric reflector,a transparent capillary tube passing through the focus of said reflector,at least one means of irradiating the focus,a mask obstructing the non-reflected scattered rays,a photosensitive cell receiving the reflected scattered rays,and means of processing the signals.An application to the monitoring of latex particle size distribution is described.

Abstract: The present process makes use of at least two pairs of supplementary marks used for evaluating the relative dimensional distortions of the mask and the wafer, apart from three pairs of alignment marks respectively inscribed on a mask and a wafer disposed in parallel and in proximity relationship. Each pair of marks comprises a Fresnel zone lens and a broken line forming a grating with a constant spacing. Following alignment with the aid of the alignment marks, the supplementary marks are used for determining the amplitude of the distortions. The source - mask distance is adjusted to compensate the linear distortions and the positioning of the mask is adjusted to compensate the non-linear distortions.

Abstract: A pair of time to voltage converters consisting of a converter for measuring the pulse shape of an exciting light and a converter for measuring the luminous shape are simultaneously activated by a start pulse so that the measurement of the pulse shape of the exciting light and the measurement of the luminous shape can be carried out in parallel in order to reduce the measurement time and to measure the luminous lifetime of the sample with a high accuracy.

Abstract: Apparatus for detecting multiple spectral bands, individually or concurrently, using linear detector arrays (30, 36). The system employs a beamsplitter (12) to divide the optical source (10) into two or more optical beams (24, 32), which beams are directed at the linear detector arrays (30, 36). Filter trays (38, 40) are positioned in the focal planes of the optical beams (24, 32) so that the beams pass through the filter trays prior to impinging upon the detector arrays (30, 36). Multiple filters (42, 44, 46, 48, 50, 52) are placed on the filter trays (38, 40). Linear actuators (62, 64) positioned adjacent the filter trays (38, 40) translate the trays across the focal planes of the optical beams (24, 32) so that individual filters are positioned in the path of beams, such that those frequencies of the beams that fall within the spectral ranges of the individual bandpass filter through which it passes may be detected by the detector arrays for further examination and analysis.

Abstract: A method for measuring the color difference between a sample dye and a standard dye by testing the color properties of both dyes, which comprises measuring the distribution curve of absorbance of individual components of the dye; determining the relationship between the color difference of dye solution and the color difference of dyeings with respect to the standard dye and representative samples arbitrarily selected plural lots of dyes; and predicting the color difference of dyeings from the color difference of solution between the standard dye and the sample dye.

Abstract: An atomic spectroscopy surface burner, includes a housing having at least one channel for carrying fuel and at least one separate channel for carrying oxidant formed therein, the housing having an upper surface with two elongated slots formed therein, each of the slots being in communication with a respective one of the channels for delivering fuel and oxidant separately to the surface, and means for delivering a nebulized sample to the surface through one of the channels.

Abstract: Contents of elements in metals, e.g. aluminum in steel, which are present as a total quantity in an elemental/dissolved form and in a non-elemental or separated form, are determined by sparking the surface of the metal under an inert atmosphere. The spectral signal is simultaneously measured as a function of time, and a signal is obtained which initially exhibits an intensity peak, from which the non-elemental or separated element content can be concluded, and the signal then stabilizes at a stationary value from which the total content (C.sub.t) of element can be concluded. The elemental/dissolved proportion (C.sub.s) can be concluded from the total area (P.sub.1) below the peak, from the area (P.sub.2) under the stationary intensity measured over a time (t.sub.2 -t.sub.1) and from the total content (C.sub.t).

Abstract: A laser Raman microprobe separates a laser beam reflected by a sample and a Raman scattered light generated by the sample by a filter which transmits or reflects a light in a predetermined wavelength region including a wavelength region of the reflected laser beam and applies only the Raman scattered light separated by the filter to a single-monochromator for spectroanalysis. A high sensitivity analysis is attained by the single-monochromator.

Abstract: A fluid sample cell for the spectroscopic analysis of a sample includes a fluid-tight sample compartment defined by a radiant energy transmissive top, a side wall, and a bottom having a reflective surface. The bottom is heat conductive and comprises an external surface which defines a hollow well adapted to receive a hot plate. A fluid sample cell is also provided wherein a side wall of a sample compartment defines an entry port and an exit port such that, when the cell is in a substantially vertical position, one of the ports is located above and one below the compartment. A fluid sample cell is also provided wherein a side wall of the sample compartment is provided with a pocket for collecting impurities when the cell is in a substantially vertical position, wherein the pocket is disposed above and/or below the sample compartment.

Abstract: A radiation beam, having passed through the mixture containing the component whose spectral composition contains at least one characteristic spectral line of the component, is caused to pass alternately along two channels one of which comprises a definite amount of the gaseous component and the other of which serves as reference. The second channel over which the radiation beam travels is limited to a diaphragm having a radiation transmission substantially equal to that of the first channel in the absence of said component in the mixture. The output beam from the two channels is directed towards a detector for detecting the variation of intensity of the beam through a filter for selecting said characteristic radiation.

Abstract: A heat shield for a sample introduction tube for a plasma jet device is disclosed, comprising a hollow cylindrical member disposed around the sample introduction tube, the hollow cylindrical member is provided with a reflective exterior and heat dissipating fins.

Abstract: An improved apparatus and method for monitoring the characteristics of materials by their fluorescence are described. A unique design is employed in which common fields of view are provided for the optical paths for the illuminating light and the emitted fluorescence. In a preferred form they are coaxial. This permits the apparatus to be contained within a probe which may be inserted directly in a vessel containing the material to be analyzed. The device is specifically designed to withstand sterilization with steam, to operate aseptically within biological processes, and to maintain a high stability and sensitivity over extended periods of time.