Abstract: A method of producing a desired surface on an optical material including producing a plurality of elements of the optical material such that each element has an upper and a lower surface, arranging the plurality of elements such that adjacent elements are separated by an interstitial material having a hardness different from the optical material being processed, processing the surfaces of the elements and removing the interstitial material.

Abstract: An apparatus and method are disclosed for plastically deforming and closing an very open, non-cylindrical shell (28) having axially extending lips (20c, 20t) spaced sufficiently far apart to permit a wound spool of strip material to pass laterally between such lips, the apparatus including a pair of closure jaws (670,676) having concave cylindrical surfaces for contacting the exterior surface of such a shell between such lips, the concave surfaces having a curvature corresponding to the desired final cylindrical shape for such a shell; a pivotable arm (608-612) for placing the closure jaws in an open configuration about such a shell and a linkage (614-674) operatively connected to the pivotable arm for closing the closure jaws about such a shell to move such lips into close proximity and form such shell into a cylindrical shape between such lips and thereafter for opening the jaws without contacting the closed shell as the jaws open.

Abstract: The invention relates to a lathe and grinder apparatus for turning and/or grinding works and for any like machining thereof requiring spindles to be used, which comprises two dual-spindle units (T1, T2), that may be even more than two in number, arranged in a side by side parallel relation, and interfaced by means of manipulators (R1, R2, R.sub.3), which are for feeding works to the first dual-spindle unit, for delivering the machined works from the final dual-spindle unit, and for transferring the workpieces, may be in a modified direction thereof, from a dual-spindle unit to the successive one, so as to allow the various work surfaces to be machined.

Abstract: A table-top masonry saw comprising a high-speed rotary circular blade is provided with a dust removal kit for withdrawing masonry dust created by the circular blade from the region of the saw to a vacuum source. The kit includes a curtain draped over a frame member at an operator's side of the saw blade and a funnel disposed to the rear of the saw blade opposite the operator's side. The funnel includes an exhaust duct which is connected to a vacuum source.

Abstract: In superfinishing a Gothic-arch-shaped groove of a nut by using a superfinishing stone attached to the tip end of an oscillation arm while oscillating the superfinishing stone about the oscillation axis and, at the same time, moving the superfinishing stone in the longitudinal direction of the Gothic-arch groove, the oscillation axis is inclined by a predetermined angle with respect to the longitudinal direction of the Gothic-arch groove. The shape of the cross section of the Gothic-arch groove orthogonal to the oscillation axis is regarded as a single circular arc and, thus, both flanks of the Gothic-arch groove can be superfinished simultaneously.

Abstract: A device is provided for finely working exterior circumferential faces of self-tensioning piston rings which are combined into a packet. The device includes a cylindrical sleeve having an interior wall surface against which the circumferential faces of the rings lie under their own tension. Two discs are disposed between which the rings are arranged in the sleeve with a slight axial spacing. The packet of rings is rotatable relative to the sleeve and movable back and forth within the sleeve, with at least one of the discs being pivotal about the longitudinal axis of the sleeve. A mechanism is provided for pivoting the one disc about a pivot angle that is variable and arrestable for subjecting the rings to a tilting movement with the sleeve.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for texturing a substrate for use in a magnetic recording disc. A texturing pad used in the invention has inner and outer coaxial regions, with the outer region being more compressible. When the pad and a substrate are rotated about parallel, offset axes, and pressed against one another in the presence of a particle slurry, the inner, less compressible region of the pad produces a deeper-groove texturing on an inner annular surface region of the disc.

Abstract: A concrete saw mounted on a wheeled housing for making a substantially linear cut in the surface of a masonry slab is provided with a dust removal apparatus. The dust removal apparatus includes a blade guard partially surrounding the circular blade mounted for rotation on the side of the wheeled housing and a pivotally mounted funnel mounted on the blade guard. The funnel is telescopically mounted on a portion of the blade guard and extends between the blade guard and the slab being cut. A bottom edge of the funnel is provided with a rounded bearing surface so that it rides on the surface of the slab. A vacuum machine is connected to an exhaust duct of the funnel so that concrete dust generated during the making of a cut is continuously exhausted through the funnel and a flexible hose to the vacuum machine as a cut is being made.

Abstract: An apparatus and method is described for automatically folding airbags a plurality of times in stages of predetermined width. Both longitudinal and lateral folds may be accomplished. A plurality of inward and outward folding bars are automatically positioned relative to the airbag and transferred to interleaving positions to fold the airbag.

Abstract: A continuous web of paper is subdivided into a series of discrete webs of finite length, and successive discrete webs of the series are provided with looped sections in zig-zag formation. Successive discrete webs of the series are moved forwardly and away from the next-following webs of the series while advancing toward a stacking station to thus establish between successive discrete webs gaps of predetermined width. The making of gaps involves advancing the discrete webs with the upper reaches of three parallel foraminous endless belt conveyors which attract the webs and move them toward the stacking station. The median belt conveyor is accelerated when it is approached by the trailing end of a discrete web and then advances the trailing end at a speed exceeding the speed of the other conveyors and of the leader of the next-following discrete web.

Abstract: An iron-based cutting tool, useful for machining aluminum-based workpieces at surface speeds at or in excess of 1000 sfm, is fabricated by (i) removing surface impurities from the surface of the cutting tool which will be exposed to crater wear during such machining, the removal being by sputtering or ion bombardment using the surface as a target thereby resulting in a cleansed activated surface; and (ii) depositing a single-phase crystal film of sputtered silicon carbide onto the cleansed activated surface.The activation of the surface in step (i) is carried out by causing ionized argon to be accelerated against the surface maintained at about zero bias and the depositing of step (ii) is carried out to cause silicon carbide to be condensed onto the activated surface as a result of being dislodged from a silicon carbide target maintained at about zero bias for at least 300 minutes.

Abstract: A precision clamp scissors sharpening system which consists of a fittably adjustable clamping device attached by means of a support bar to a spring-loaded pin level and adjustable bar to a sliding bar on top of a housing unit wherein is situated a means for regulating the velocity of the rotation of a circular sharpening disc which performs the function of sharpening scissor and/or other blade edges held in the clamp device by means of adjustable pieces which set the blade edge at a degree setting desired by the user and which clamp device may be extended for use with large circular sharpening discs or replaced with one designed for the sharpening of cuticle nippers and/or the inside parts of other blades.

Abstract: A polishing apparatus for polishing optical components and mechanical parts requiring a high surface precision, such as lenses and mirrors, by pressing a running tape to such component.

Abstract: A carton folding apparatus which is characterized by multiple folder/gluer modules, including a feed module for receiving and delivering unfolded cartons, prefold/fold, fold and final fold modules for effecting specified folding and gluing operations, a delivery module for completing the folding operations and further including a stacker unit for receiving and stacking the folded and glued cartons. Each of the folder/gluer modules is capable of being removed from the apparatus line and is characterized by separate, independently driven upper and lower belt feed mechanisms for driving the cartons through that module.

Abstract: In the production of (cigarette) packs of the hinge-lid type, supplying a sufficient amount of material to the packaging machine presents a particular problem. In an advantageous solution, blanks (20) for producing the packs are severed from a continuous web of material (24) with punchings for delimiting the blanks (20) and further processed within the packaging machine. For the efficient production of (individual) blanks from the continuous web of material (24), the latter is fed to a blank station (26), in which preferably two respective blanks (20a, 20b) lying next to one another are severed by shearing from the following web of material (24) and from one another by means of severing rams (29). The two blanks (20a, 20b) so formed and individually separated are then fed to a folding turret (40), specifically appropriately with an intermediate conveyor in the form of a rotating blank turret (43) being interposed.

Abstract: A welding and die cutting device for an apparatus for automatically forming bags on demand from an elongated web of film is selectively switchable between a first operating mode in which the formed bags are provided with unitary handles and a second operating mode in which the formed bags are fully closed and no handles are formed thereon. A first one of a pair of reciprocatable mobile holders carries a welding counter-plate to which is mounted a horizontal blade for transverse cutting and separation of formed bags from the web. A plurality of substantially vertical blades for longitudinally cutting the web to form handles on a bag being formed are carried on and depend outwardly from a bladeholder that is interposed between the first mobile holder and the counter-plate. The bladeholder is slidably and elastically linked to the first mobile holder for movement therewith and relative thereto.

Abstract: In a method of roughening the surface of an organic electrophotographic photosensitive member by bringing an abrasive material into slidable contact with said surface, an abrasive material in the form of a film is moved in the direction intersecting the direction of a rotating shaft of said photosensitive member, with the vibration thereof at the part coming into slidable contact with said photosensitive member, thereby roughening the surface of said photosensitive member.

Abstract: In a lens grinder including work spindle unit having a rotatable work spindle to mount a lens to be ground and a curve generator tool spindle unit having a rotatable curve generator tool spindle to mount an optical functional surface grinding stone to grind optical surface of the lens, a fillet tool spindle unit having a fillet tool spindle to mount a lens periphery grinding stone to grind the lens periphery and fillet, is provided such that the lens can be ground on optical surface, outer periphery and edge, all without remounting the lens so that accurate centering of the lens can be obtained.

Abstract: A scissors sharpening apparatus includes a motor driven sharpening member having an abrasive surface. A magnetic guide is arranged to position the scissors blade at a fixed angle relative to the principle plane of the abrasive surface in such a manner that the magnet of the guide has the axis of its poles oriented nominally perpendicular to the flat face of the blade and nominally parallel to the principle plane of the abrasive surface.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus produce a stack of overlapping, U-folded- or zig-zag-folded individual material sheets, in particular of absorbent paper, that mesh with one another. The stack is formed by two roller systems or roller sets, one for each of two material webs. Each system includes a stacking roller (8, 9) in a stacking station. The two stacking rollers cooperate in the stack formation. Each set of rollers includes at least one cutting roller (11) with a cutting knife (12) for each material web, a transport roller (13), and a pulling and guide roller (14). All rollers are arranged and driven in a machine frame. Each stacking roller (8,9) has at least one crimping- and folding-edge (16,20,21) and at least one tiltable suction gripper flap. At least one suction element (23) is part of the suction gripper flap and at least one further suction element (24) is arranged behind the suction gripper flap or behind the crimping- and folding-edge as viewed in the sheet travel direction.