Abstract: A system for the rapid dewatering of sludge in large quantities makes use of a filter plate of design and construction capable of supporting heavy mechanized mobile equipment and without damage to the filter media. The filter plate features a monolithic plate of granular filter material used as the filtering medium in sludge beds for dewatering or reducing residual solids or sludge of potable water treatment systems. The filter material is made structurally rugged and with a smooth hard surface for the retention of sludge solids. The filter material is supported upon a substructure of aggregate providing approximately 40% internal voids for the gravity flow or drainage of filtrate and the back flow of chemicals and gases used in the rapid water reduction process. The assemblage is constructed of such strength as to allow for use of heavy handling equipment such as front end loaders in the removal of the dried sludge or cake upon the completion of the rapid water reduction process.

Abstract: In the automatic installation for liquid chromatography according to the invention, the container of product to be fractionated is associated to a measuring container and is provided, as are the containers of eluents, with low level detector means; feed valves are interposed between said containers and the injection pump whereas output valves are interposed between the outlet from the column and the collector containers; a control unit comprises a safety device connected to the low level detectors to control the stoppage of the pump whenever necessary, and a control device receiving the signals from detection means connected to the output of the column and controlling the measuring container and said valves to perform successive cycles of chromatography each one including the steps of injecting a quantity of product, admitting at least one eluent and collecting the or each corresponding fraction.

Abstract: A process for separating an extract component from a raffinate component contained in a feed mixture. A unidirectional fluid flow system is maintained through a series of separating units through which the components travel at different rates. A component concentration distribution is established within the system of units and divided into specific zones. Feed and displacement fluid are passed into the inlets of two of the units and extract and raffinate are taken as the entire streams from outlets of two of the units all at appropriate points on the component concentration distribution. Other inlets and outlets of the various units lying in the same zone are interconnected. At the appropriate times the inlets and outlets are shifted so as to simulate movement of the units in a direction co-current with the fluid flow and thereby enable the inlets and outlets to continually lie in the appropriate zones. Zones may be combined as zone pairs, each such pair thereupon being considered a single continuous zone.

Abstract: The liquid chromatographic column (LCC) in liquid chromatography apparatus (LCA) is connected to another fluid flow member, e.g., an injection valve and/or a detector, via a column retainer that comprises a collet with split, tapered distal end that threads into a collet nut having an internal tapered lumen to cause the collet split end to compress about the outside of the liquid chromatographic column so that the retainer assembly may hold the column without damage to it in connected position with the other fluid flow member. The column retainer may include a retainer nut that serves to hold the retainer assembly onto the fluid flow member by threading into a female opening in it.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a fractionation process of a mixture by elution chromatography.It is characterized in that the collected eluent is purified, restored to supercritical state and recycled in the head of the column.It concerns a cracking process of mixtures by elution chromatography with liquid in the supercritical state and an installation for its operation.

Abstract: A fuel-processing assembly for a fuel system has a housing, a fuel-entry port and a fuel-exit port, and a passageway within the housing through which fuel can flow from the entry port to the exit port. A heater is provided for heating the fuel. A spring is coiled around the heater to cause the fuel to flow spirally around the heater to induce turbulence into the flow of fuel and promote contact between fuel and the heater. A separator is provided for separating fuel from water entrained in the fuel. A by-pass aperture adjacent the separator allows fuel to flow around the separator if the flow of fuel through the separator becomes impeded.

Abstract: A solute focusing method is applied to the on-column injection of a liquid sample in gas chromatography so that relatively large sample sizes can be used without causing intolerable column flooding. The injection zone of the column is kept originally at a temperature below the solvent boiling point but the temperature in the adjacent downstream zone is kept higher than the solvent boiling point so that the solvent will evaporate and flow downstream, leaving the solute molecules concentrated within a relatively limited length along the column.

Abstract: An apparatus for the separation of theophylline and caffeine contained in body fluids is provided. A macroreticular styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer resin activated by a protic solvent is utilized. The body fluid is eluted with water in an isocratic manner to afford a theophylline sample uncontaminated with caffeine. Such samples are useful in immunoassay procedures for the measurement of theophylline.

Abstract: A column for use in DNA synthesis. The column is transparent and is disposable to allow access to the resin beads within the column. The column includes end caps which are engageable with a housing and a screw to secure the column in the housing.

Abstract: The invention consists of improved apparatus and a kit packaged improved apparatus and methods for use of such apparatus such kits especially adapted for isolating and identifying and quantitatively measuring the MB iso-enzyme of creatine phosphokinase in fresh human blood serum and apparatus including combinations of racks, glass receptacles and other equipment for making various quantitative and qualitative blood and blood serum tests.

Abstract: An apparatus useful in identifying a solute includes a microbore separation column having unusually large particle packing making up the bed thereof. In addition, the microbore column is excessively long compared to conventional columns. Preferably, the column is thermally stabilized.

Abstract: This invention provides an industrially advantageous method of regenerating a large quantity of contaminated gels by treating a contaminated gel which has become less active in separation performance with an aqueous solution of a metallic salt or ammonium salt of thiocyanic acid, nitric acid, or hydrogen iodide having a concentration of from 30 weight % to saturation, at a temperature between 50.degree. and 120.degree. C., thereby effectively removing contaminants in the interstices among the gel particles or contaminants on the active points.

Abstract: An unheated septumless on-column injector with two internal flow paths is provided. A syringe means is positioned adjacent and communicates in vapor-tight relationship with the inlet ends of the two internal flow paths. The first internal flow path accepts and guides a needle from said syringe means onto the column of a gas chromatograph to permit injection onto the column. The second internal flow path allows the syringe means to either be loaded from or purged into an attached, sealed container. The needle of the syringe means is movable between the first and second paths by external manipulation. In particular embodiments, carrier gas is provided to sweep the sample into the low diameter column and cooling means is provided to ensure that the point of injection of the liquid onto the chromatographic column is maintained at a temperature below the boiling point of the most volatile component of the liquid sample.

Abstract: Filter element for a pressure filter container, composed of a central tube surrounded by a plurality of support tubes for supporting a filter web. The support tubes can be closed or perforated. The space between the central tube and support tubes, as well as the interior in the case of perforated support tubes, serve as flow canal for the filtrate. The use of plastic tubing provides a simple and cost-favorable filter element.

Abstract: A liquid-phase preparative chromatographic apparatus comprising a column in the form of a cylindrical tube equipped at its lower section with a cap; a filling device to be connected by means of a compression nozzle and comprising a cylinder for actuating a non-porous solid body that compresses the stationary phase with which the column is filled by means of the compression nozzle; an injection head to be fastened onto the column after it is filled and comprising a lower wall and an injection unit having a diameter smaller than the injection head and equipped with several lateral solute supply ports, the head comprising on its upper surface a central solvent supply port and means enabling the solvent to flow around the injection unit; a pump connected to the injection head and comprising four pistons activated by cams or rods disposed at 90.degree.

Abstract: A gas chromatographic apparatus having at least two gas separation columns arranged in parallel to each other, the outlet of the first gas separation column being connected to a gas sensor through a column switch valve, and the outlet of the second gas separation column being connected to the column switch valve through a gas detection time-controlling pipe, where when the first gas separation column is communicated with the gas sensor, the outlet of the second gas separation column is made open to the atmosphere by the column switch valve, or when the second gas separation column is communicated with the gas sensor, the outlet of the first gas separation column is made open to the atmosphere by the column switch valve, or the apparatus having a first gas separation column whose inlet is connected to the switch valve and at least two second columns whose inlets are connected to the outlet of the first gas separation column, whose outlets are connected to the gas sensor and which are arranged in parallel to ea

Abstract: For separating material mixtures, in particular of thermoplastic plastics mixed with solids, the plasticized material to be separated is fed into the interior (23) of a hollow cylindrical filter body (7). The filtered material is conveyed via ducts (39, 41, 43) to the outside of the filter body (7). The remaining residue is fed by scrapers (19) on a rotatably driven scraper shaft (17) to an outlet provided with a holding-back device (47). The filter body (7) is composed of a single tubular material piece with a smooth inner surface and an outer surface ribbed in the circumferential direction. The filter openings (37) are worked into the bottoms of circumferential grooves (33) formed in the outer surface between the circumferential webs (35) by laser beam or electron beam processing methods. The elastically pretensioned scrapers (19) are supported via the webs (35) at the interior of a housing (9).

Abstract: A conduit system for transporting municipal or industrial wastes economically and efficiently is shown. The conduit system comprises a conduit which is located within a body of water and which has a thin, flexible wall adapted to maintain the contents of the conduit in pressure equilibrium with the body of water in which the conduit is situated. By maintaining pressure equilibrium or a slightly higher pressure within the conduit, it is possible to make substantial savings in materials of construction; and by locating the conduit within a body of water, substantially less cost is incurred for right of way. The thin, flexible wall of the conduit maintains the pressure equilibrium whether the conduit is ballasted to the bottom of the body of water or supported at an intermediate location by buoys. Liquids or liquids with entrained solids are transported through the conduit by flow augmentation means positioned at intervals along the length of the conduit.

Abstract: A blood purification apparatus includes an extracorporeal circulation system, a blood purifier provided in the system for purifying blood by dialysis or filtration through a semipermeable membrane, a circulation blood volume measuring instrument for measuring changes in a circulating blood volume within a patient's body, a control section comprising a memory for storing a program for a pattern of changes in the circulating blood volume during blood purification, the program being matched to the condition of a patient, and a regulator connected to the extracorporeal circulation system and the control section, for controlling the circulating blood volume, the regulator being controlled by the control section on the basis of the circulating blood volume measured during blood purification and the programmed amount. In this apparatus, optimum blood purification is carried out while maintaining the circulating blood volume at a prescribed level.

Abstract: The invention describes a means for separating isotopes of hydrogen which is based on the principle of gas chromatography and is suitable for separating large amounts of hydrogen as is necessary for fusion experiments. The substantially higher throughput in comparison to that of other analysis devices based on gas chromatography is rendered feasible by the fact that the packings of the separation columns and the collectors for absorbing the separate species contain inert additives which ensure even distribution of the gas flow.