Abstract: A toner for developing an electrostatic image excellent in fixing property and particularly in light transmissibility and coloring property and satisfying high image quality and high reliability, and a process for producing the same, as well as a developer for an electrostatic image and a process for forming an image are provided. The toner for developing an electrostatic image contains at least a resin component and colorant particles, and the colorant particles exhibit a dispersion state inside the toner observed by a transmission electron microscope. The dispersion state satisfies two conditions, where (1) the colorant particles have a dispersion average particle diameter of 100 nm or less, and (2) the colorant particles have a content of coarse particles of a diameter of 400 nm or more 5% by number or less of the total of the colorant particles.

Abstract: An image forming method, comprising steps of: forming a toner image on an organic electrophotographic photoreceptor having a siloxane based resin layer as a protective layer with a developer carried on a developing sleeve, wherein a distance Dsd (&mgr;m) between the organic electrophotographic photoreceptor and the developing sleeve and a thickness t (&mgr;m) of the protective layer of the organic electrophotographic photoreceptor satisfy formula (1): 35t+400<Dsd  (1)

Abstract: A polarization reversion pattern is formed in ferroelectrics in accordance with image information. An image is obtained by surface charges corresponding to the polarization reversion pattern. The ferroelectrics are composed of an inorganic ferroelectric oxide such as LiNbxTa1-xO3(0≦x≦1).

Abstract: A receiver material, especially a receiver sheet, for electrophotographic thermoplastic toner particles provides toner images of photographic quality and high gloss in both the toned and untoned areas of the sheet. The paper support of the receiver material is protected against moisture damage by a thermoplastic hold-out layer on which is formed a thermoplastic toner receiving layer that is adhesively compatible with the toner and with the hold-out layer. The receiver material, including support, hold-out layer and toner receiving layer, has a volume resistivity of 1.0×108 to 1.0×1013 ohm-cm and can be electrostatically charged by back-side charging to receive toner by electrostatic transfer.

Abstract: A polymerized toner of a core-shell structure that colored polymer particles containing a colorant are covered with a polymer layer, wherein the polymerized toner has features that (1) the content of tetrahydrofuran-insoluble matter is 60 to 95 wt. %, and (2) the weight average molecular weight of tetrahydrofuran-soluble matter as determined by gel permeation chromatography is 50,000 to 400,000, and a production process thereof.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor including an electroconductive substrate; a charge generation layer overlying the substrate; a charge transport layer formed overlying the substrate and including a charge transport material, a polycarbonate resin, an antioxidant having the following formula (1): and a sulfur-containing compound having an alkyl group having from 6 to 30 carbon atoms; and a protective layer comprising a binder resin and a filler dispersed in the binder resin and formed as a top layer.

Abstract: The present invention provides a toner comprising a binding resin, a colorant, and an ester based wax having an iodine value of not more than 25 and a saponification value of 30 to 300 (for example, at least one selected from the group consisting of meadowfoam oil and derivatives thereof and jojoba oil and derivatives thereof) and a method for producing the same. The present invention also provides a toner comprising silica fine powder containing a component having a polydimethyl siloxane skeleton extracted by an organic solvent at a content of not more than 2.5 wt %, and a method for producing the same. This stabilizes the chargeability and flowability of the toner during long period use, and reduces the filming on a photoconductive member or a transfer medium, Moreover, toner that provides good fixability, anti-offset properties, waste toner recycle properties, and transfer efficiency can be obtained with good reproducibility.

Abstract: Toner used for electrophotography includes a polylactic acid type biodegradable resin and a terpene-phenol copolymer. The molar concentration of one of the L-lactic acid units and D-lactic acid units in a lactic acid component of the polylactic acid type biodegradable resin is in the range between about 75 mol % and about 98 mol %.

Abstract: A toner containing resin, colorant, and a potassium sorbate, or a potassium tartrate charge enhancing additive.

Abstract: A carrier containing a core, and a polymer coating containing an inorganic polymer, an organic polymer and an optional further polymer, or polymers.

Abstract: A carrier comprised of a core and thereover a polymer, and which polymer contains dispersed therein a mixture of an inorganic polymer, and an organic metallic polymer.

Abstract: A process for forming an image uses a transfer fixing process that can maintain high image quality for a long period of time. The process contains the steps of: transferring a toner image formed on the image bearing member to an intermediate transfer member; simultaneously transferring and fixing the toner image on the intermediate transfer member to a recording medium; the process containing a cleaning step of supplying and removing a cleaning material to the intermediate transfer member, so as to clean a surface of the intermediate transfer member, the cleaning material containing at least powder of a thermoplastic resin having a volume average particle diameter of about from 1 to 50 &mgr;m, and the cleaning material having a storage modulus of about from 1×103 to 1×105 Pa at a temperature, at which the cleaning material has a loss modulus of 1×104 Pa.

Abstract: An image formation process which forms a toner image by the nonmagnetic one-component developing system by bringing an electrically conducting brush impressed with a voltage into contact with a photosensitive material to effect the uniform charging, and forming an electrostatic latent image on the photosensitive material by the exposure to the image-bearing light, wherein the toner that is used as a circularity of from 0.92 to 0.98. The nonmagnetic one-component developing system minimizes irregular electric charging that stems from the use of the electrically conducting brush. This action is obtained even in full-color developing system which effects development many times.

Abstract: A toner for developing an electrostatic image, a developer for developing an electrostatic image, a process for producing them, and a process for forming an image that provide excellent developing and transferring performance and also provide excellent performance stability, as well as high image quality and reliability are provided. The problem can be solved by a toner for developing an electrostatic image having a particle size distribution index on a small particle side GSDpS in number distribution of a particle diameter of about 1.27 or less, GSDpS is D50p/D16p, D50p represents a particle diameter providing, a particle diameter accumulation in number distribution of 50%, and D16p represents a particle diameter providing a particle diameter accumulation in number distribution of 16% from a small diameter side.

Abstract: A toner contains a coloring agent and a binder including a wax and an ethyl polysaccharide, which has D-glucose units linked together by a linkage of 1,2-, 1,3-, 1,4-, or 1,6-glycosidic bond with an &agr; configuration, or by a linkage of 1,2-, 1,3-, 1,4- or 1,6-glycosidic bond with a &bgr; configuration, with at least one alcohol hydroxyl group in each D-glucose unit being ethyl-etherified. A one-component developer for electrophotography is prepared using the toner, and a two-component developer is prepared by the combination of the toner and a carrier.

Abstract: A process comprising coalescing a plurality of latex encapsulated colorants and wherein each of said encapsulated colorants are generated by miniemulsion polymerization.

Abstract: A porous photosensitive body is provided which is excellent for mass production and lower in production costs and is capable of obtaining a good degree of image-formation and of increasing its productivity and reliability. The porous photosensitive body is provided with a drum used for forming a photosensitive body constructed by stacking, in order, an insulating layer, a photo-conductive layer and a translucent conductive layer on an inner circumferential face of a surface electrode which is composed, of a metal jointless cylinder drum having a large number of fine holes which are aligned at equal intervals both in a circumferential direction and in a direction of an axial line of the cylindrical drum and are opened on inner and outer circumferential faces of the metal jointless cylinder and wherein the insulating layer is provided with a through hole communicating with each of the fine holes.

Abstract: A charge transport layer for a photoreceptor includes at least a bisphenol A-phthallic acid dichloride ester copolymer polycarbonate binder and at least one charge transport material. The charge transport layer exhibits excellent wear resistance, excellent electrical performance, and delivers superior print quality.

Abstract: A carrier for an image developer for electrophotography, including a core material, and a coating layer covering the core material and containing a binder and a powder having an average particle diameter of D &mgr;m and a specific resistance of at least 1012 &OHgr;·cm. The coating layer has a thickness of h &mgr;m. The ratio D/h is greater than 1:1 but less than 5:1.

Abstract: At least three differently colored toners, designed for use together in forming a color image in an image developing device, have substantially the same melt flow index value. By substantially matching the melt flow index values of at least three toners of a set of toners, it has been found that the resultant color image has an overall excellent image quality, i.e., an excellent overall gloss level without any gloss banding.