Abstract: A reactive toner that is energy-activated is printed by means of an electrographic device such as a laser printer. The reactive toner is printed onto a substrate. Toner components that cross-link and bond the printed toner permanently onto the substrate, or another substrate through a transfer process, are activated by the application of energy to react after printing. Reaction of the energy-activated components may be inhibited with blocking or protecting agents. The image is permanently bonded onto the substrate when the protection provided by the protecting agents is removed by the application of energy to the printed toner. The toner may comprise energy-activated components, colorants, color enhancing polymeric materials, binder resins, internal and external additives such as waxes and charge control agents.

Abstract: Disclosed is disclosed a process for producing a printed wiring board which comprises the steps of: a) exposing a wiring board having at least one photoconductive layer in which its chargeability is changed by light exposure on at least one surface of a conductive support which comprises an insulating substrate and at least one metal conductive layer provided at least one surface thereof through a resist pattern; b) charging the photoconductive layer to form an electrostatic latent image; c) forming a toner image on the photoconductive layer by toner developing treatment; d) removing a portion of the photoconductive layer to which no toner is attached by dissolution to form a resist image; and e) removing a portion of the metal conductive layer other than a portion where the resist image is formed by etching.

Abstract: An electrophotographic imaging member comprises a substrate, a charge generating layer, and a charge transport layer. The charge transport layer comprises a binder and charge transport molecules, wherein the binder eliminates or minimizes crystallization of the charge transport molecules. Optionally, an electrophotographic imaging member comprises a substrate and a single charge generating and charge transport layer. The single charge generating and charge transport layer comprises a binder, charge generating molecules and charge transport molecules, wherein the binder eliminates or minimizes crystallization of the charge transport molecules. Specific binders are PCZ-800, a PCZ-500, or a PCZ-400 polycarbonate resin.

Abstract: A process comprising forming chlorogallium phthalocyanine (ClGaPc) in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP) to provide a ClGaPc (NMP) Type I; separately dry milling and then wet treating the Type I product to form Type II ClGaPc (NMP); blending the ClGaPc Type II product with hydroxygallium phthalocyanine (HOGaPc) Type V and a resin to form a coating mixture; coating the resulting mixture to form a photoconductive charge generator layer.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor including an electroconductive substrate; a photosensitive layer located overlying the electroconductive substrate and including a resin; and a surface layer including a filler and a binder resin, wherein the surface layer and the photosensitive layer have a continuous structure, and wherein the surface layer satisfies the following relationship: &sgr;≦D/5, wherein D represents an average of maximum thicknesses of the surface layer in units of micrometers in 20 segments of 5 &mgr;m wide when a portion of a cross section of the photoreceptor of 100 &mgr;m wide is divided into the 20 segments, and &sgr; represents a standard deviation of the 20 maximum thicknesses.

Abstract: A magnetic toner with a negative polarity for developing latent electrostatic images is made of toner particles, each toner particle containing a binder resin, a magnetic powder, and a charge control agent, the surface of the magnetic toner satisfying the relationship of 2×10−7≦C/Sw≦10×10−7, provided C≦8×10−3, wherein C is an amount (g/g) of the charge control agent dissolved in a solvent comprising water and methanol, and Sw is a specific surface area (cm2/cm3) of the toner particles determined from a weight-average particle diameter of the toner particles. An image forming apparatus has an electrostatic image bearing member, and a unit for developing the electrostatic image with the above magnetic toner, the unit having a developer holding member provided with a magnet, and a developer container.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electrophotosensitive material comprising an intermediate layer formed between a conductive substrate and a photosensitive layer, and featuring heat treatment conditions for forming the intermediate layer defined such that a ratio A2/A1 between absorbances at two measurement wavelengths determined from a visible absorption spectrum of the intermediate layer is not more than a value of an intersection of a first approximation line and a second approximation line given by a correlation distribution between the absorbance ratio and the residual potential of the photosensitive material, the first approximation line representing little change of the residual potential despite the increase of the ratio A2/A1, the second approximation line representing a proportional increase of the residual potential with increase of the ratio A2/A1. The invention provides the electrophotosensitive material free from the variations of residual potential.

Abstract: A toner composition having a high light transmission when printed on a transparent medium, in addition to being superior in strength and durability is provided. Binder resin particles manufactured through a dispersing polymerization method are colored using at least one kind of dye and are then subjected to a process of injecting an organic finely divided powder and a charge controlling agent and to a process of externally adding a hydrophobic silica and a conductive titanium oxide, thereby making a toner composition having a gel percentage of 2 to 15%.

Abstract: A full color image forming method including the steps of developing an electrostatic latent image formed on an image bearing member with a color toner to form a color toner image thereon; first transferring the color developer including a color toner image onto an endless intermediate transfer material while applying a developing bias thereto; repeating the above-mentioned steps a plurality of times using a plurality of different color developers to form a full color toner image on the intermediate transfer material; and second transferring the full color image onto a receiving material, wherein a weight of each of the color toner images formed on the image bearing member is from about 0.4 mg/cm2 to about 1.5 mg/cm2, and each of the color developers has a charge quantity not less than 15 &mgr;C/g in an absolute value, and wherein the following relationship is satisfied with respect to each of the first color toner transferring steps: 5.4×Q1+90<Vb−V1<5.

Abstract: A negative-charging electrophotographic photosensitive member comprising an aluminum-based substrate and a silicate film and a light-receiving layer in this order. The silicate film has a layer thickness of 0.5 nm to 15 nm and comprises at least aluminum atoms, silicon atoms and oxygen atoms. The light-receiving layer has at least a lower-part charge injection blocking layer formed of a non-single crystal silicon film comprising at least silicon atoms, nitrogen atoms and oxygen atoms, not doped with any impurities, a photoconductive layer formed of a non-single crystal silicon film comprising at least silicon atoms, an upper-part charge injection blocking layer formed of a non-single crystal silicon film comprising at least silicon atoms, carbon atoms and atoms belonging to the Group 13 of the periodic table, and a surface protective layer formed of a non-single crystal silicon film comprising at least silicon atoms and containing carbon atoms.

Abstract: An emulsion aggregation process for the preparation of a magnetite toner, and where the magnetite can function as a negatively charged coagulant to facilitate aggregation of a basic cationic latex, a cationic carbon black dispersion and a cationic wax dispersion.

Abstract: A carrier for an electrophotographic developer which has a flowability index F1, represented by formula (1), of 63 to 75 sec/(50·cm3) and a flowability index F2, represented by formula (2), of 30 to 100 Oe·g/cm3: F1=AD×FR  (1) F2=AD×Hc  (2) wherein AD is an apparent density (g/cm3); FR is a flow rate (sec/50 g); and Hc is a coercive force (Oe).

Abstract: An image forming apparatus and a process for forming an image is provided whereby problems in an image such as interference fringes can be eliminated even at a higher resolution to improve image quality. An image forming apparatus of this invention has a configuration wherein an electrostatic latent image is formed by exposing an electrophotographic photoreceptor having a photosensitive layer 18 formed via a undercoating layer 16 on a conductive support 110 with the maximum surface roughness defined by the equation: (0.0006x+0.34) &mgr;m≦Rmax≦2.5 &mgr;m wherein x=a resolution; visualizing the latent image with a toner to give a visualized image; and transferring the visualized image to a transfer medium.

Abstract: A method of proportions of toner particles of different colors to be used in a mixture for toning an electrostatic image, the method comprising: determining a desired color for viewing; determining an illumination under which the desired color is to be viewed; determining a target color for printing which results in the desired color being perceived under the illumination; determining a plurality of sets each consisting of only two available candidate toner particles and optionally black and/or transparent color particles; computing a mixture of toner particles of a set of candidate color to particles only from said plurality of sets that best matches target color, according to a predetermined criteria; and mixing the colored toner particles to form a toner for printing.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member exhibiting good potential characteristic and image forming characteristic fee from difficulties, such as lower image density, black spots and fog or interference fringes in halftone images, over wide temperature and humidity environment condition, is provided by inserting a specific intermediate layer between a support and a photosensitive layer. The intermediate layer comprises at at least 0.5 &mgr;m-thick layer of aggregated particles having a composition represented by formula (1) below: Al2O3.nH2O  (1), wherein n is a number of at least 0 representing a degree of hydration.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor is disclosed. The photoreceptor has an interlayer between an electroconductive substrate and a photosensitive layer wherein the interlayer contains a particle and has a light absorbance of not more than 0.25 per micrometer of thickness at a wavelength of 1,000 nm. An image forming apparatus and a processing cartridge employing the photoreceptor are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method of preparing toner for developing an electrostatic image is disclosed. The method comprises process for adhering by fusing resin particles onto surface of colored particles (core particles) containing a resin particle and a colorant by salting-out/fusion-adhering to form the resin layer (shell).

Abstract: An emulsion aggregation process for the preparation of a magnetite toner, and where the magnetite can function as a coagulant.

Abstract: A toner includes a resin, colorant, and a silicate component bound to the toner. The silicate component can be a water-soluble cationic complex of at least one of tetraalkylammonium and tetraalkylphosphonium. A method for making the toner includes the surface treatment of the toner with a water-soluble silicate.

Abstract: A toner exhibiting good balance of low-temperature fixability, an anti-offset characteristic and a developing performance in continuous image formation is formed of at least a binder resin, a colorant and a wax. The toner exhibits a dielectric loss tangent showing a maximum of 6.0×10−2 to 10.0×10−2 in a temperature range of 90 to 125° C. The toner provides a DSC curve showing at least one heat-absorption peak or shoulder in a temperature range of 85 to 140° C. on temperature increase according to differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The binder resin comprises a hybrid resin having a vinyl polymer unit and a polyester unit.