Abstract: Disclosed is a method of making high temperature fiber including incorporating an inorganic atom into a polymer precursor fiber to form a modified polymer precursor fiber and converting the modified polymer precursor fiber to a high temperature fiber having a bonded inorganic atom.

Abstract: According to one or more embodiments of the present invention, a mirrored apparatus includes a substrate with a non-metal inorganic material that is non-diamond turnable. The mirrored apparatus further includes a finish layer arranged on the surface of the substrate. The finish layer has a polished surface opposite the substrate. The mirrored apparatus also includes a reflective layer arranged on the polished surface of the finish layer.

Abstract: The disclosure provides bistable systems for the controlled release of corrosion inhibitors, as well as related methods. The systems and methods can release corrosion inhibitors in response to pH conditions. The systems include a bistable dome and a cationic hydrogel.

Abstract: A method of repairing a well is provided. The method includes injecting a brine solution into the well, injecting carbon dioxide into the well, and reacting the brine solution in the reservoir rock with the carbon dioxide to form calcite such that calcite precipitates into the desired flow path between a cold well and a hot well to effectively repair short circuits within the EGS reservoir.

Abstract: A method for realizing balanced displacement of crude oil by injection and production optimization coordinated chemical flooding which comprises the following steps: determining the median size and elastic modulus of viscoelastic particles according to the average permeability of the reservoir; optimizing the concentration ratio of the total concentration of the chemical agent; the physical parameters of each layer are counted, and the hierarchical system is combined according to the entropy weight algorithm and the cluster analysis method based on the gravity center method; the optimal section slug volume ratio of the single well injected with two slugs under the heterogeneity of the permeability of the strata is calculated; and the objective function is established by combining the coefficient of variation of remaining oil saturation, the effect of chemical flooding and the cost, and the numerical simulator is used to optimize the objective function.

Abstract: A drilling fluid composition includes an aqueous base fluid, 0.01 to 5 wt. % of polyamine-functionalized activated carbon (AC-PAD), 0.1 to 10 wt. % of a shale material, 0.01 to 2 wt. % of a thickener, 0.1 to 10 wt. % of a fluid loss control additive, 0.01 to 5 wt. % of an adsorbent, and 1 to 20 wt. % of a borehole stabilizer. Each wt. % is based on a total weight of the drilling fluid composition. The AC-PAD is uniformly disposed on surfaces of the shale material. The shale material has an average pore size of 5 to 400 nanometers (nm). A method of preparing the AC-PAD and a method of drilling a subterranean geological formation.

Abstract: A method for conditioning of spent ion exchange resins from nuclear facilities comprises the steps of: mixing the spent ion exchange resins with water to form a reaction mixture; setting and controlling the pH of the reaction mixture in a range from 1.0 to 3.5, preferably in a range from 2.0 to 3.0; adding an oxidant to the reaction mixture, with the temperature of the reaction mixture maintained at 90°° C. or less so that the spent ion exchange resin and the oxidant react with each other to form an aqueous reaction solution comprising the organic reaction products of the spent ion exchange resin; and electrochemically oxidizing the organic reaction products, wherein carbon dioxide is produced and a carbon-depleted aqueous reaction solution having a TOC (total organic carbon) value of less than 50 ppm is obtained. Furthermore, an apparatus for the conditioning of spent ion exchange resins from nuclear facilities is described.

Abstract: A method of removing a sulfate scale from a surface is provided. The method includes contacting the sulfate-comprising scale with a conversion solution including 1 to 10 wt. % of an alkali metal carbonate, 0.5 to 10 wt. % of a borate salt or hydrate thereof, and 0.5 to 2.5 wt. % of a base to produce a carbonate-comprising scale. The method further includes exposing the carbonate-comprising scale with an acid solution including 2.5 to 25 wt. % of an acid.

Abstract: Water-in-oil emulsions are provided that include an alkyl propylene diamine and an ethoxylated alcohol as the inverting surfactant, which is present in an amount less than 5 percent by weight of the water-in-oil emulsion.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a water-based subterranean treatment fluid, comprising: a) a continuous aqueous phase; b) an internal oil phase; c) from 0.1 to 15 g/100 ml, based on the total fluid volume, of an emulsifying composition comprising a first surfactant having a HLB from 10 to 20 and a second surfactant obtained by reacting a saturated or unsaturated aliphatic monocarboxylic acid, ethylene oxide and a hydroxyalkylamine. The invention further relates to a method for treating a subterranean formation comprising providing said water-based subterranean treatment fluid.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions for enhanced oil recovery, comprising: (A) internal ketones sulfonated alpha to the ketone group; and (B) unsulfonated internal ketones, with a molar ratio B/(A+B) greater than or equal to the limiting molar concentration of unsulfonated ketones from which a stabilization is observed in the reduction in mobility when the mixture of said ketones is injected into a porous medium.

Abstract: A process is disclosed that includes providing a mixture to a wellbore. The mixture can comprise formic acid or a formic acid precursor, a salt of lactic acid, and a salt of gluconic acid. The mixture can be introduced into an underground formation around the wellbore. The mixture can prevent or at least reduce the formation of formate crystals as compared to mixtures without the salt of lactic acid or the salt of gluconic acid. The mixture permits the formic acid, or formic acid produced from hydrolysis of the formic acid precursor, to react with acid soluble material in the underground formation to generate soluble calcium salts.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and computer program products can be used for determining the amount of oil removed by a miscible gas flood. One of the methods includes identifying locations of oil within a volume representing a reservoir rock sample. The method includes identifying locations of gas within the volume. The method also includes determining the amount of oil removed based on locations within the volume where oil is either coincident with the gas or is connected to the gas by a continuous oil path.

Abstract: A polyacrylamide friction reducer wherein the friction reducer contains surfactant functional groups, and wherein the polyacrylamide friction reducer is degradable, can be used for multi-functional, slickwater fracturing fluid projects. Under downhole conditions, the polymer degrades and releases the surfactant molecules to act as oil displacing agent to provide additional stimulation.

Abstract: Nano-sized mixed metal oxide carriers capable of delivering a well treatment additive for a sustained or extended period of time in the environment of use, methods of making the nanoparticles, and uses thereof are described herein. The nanoparticles can have a formula of: A/[Mx1My2Mz3]OnHm where x is 0.03 to 3, y is 0.01 to 0.4, z is 0.01 to 0.4 and n and m are determined by the oxidation states of the other elements, and M1 can be aluminum (Al), gallium (Ga), indium (In), or thallium (Tl). M2 and M3 are not the same and can be a Column 2 metal, Column 14 metal, or a transition metal. A is can be a treatment additive.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for on- and off-site tagging of fracking sand and a composition of matter capable of being utilized in that process. The composition of matter includes a linker polymer conjugated to a rare earth particle. The method involves forming two mixtures, a first involving mixing a linker polymer conjugated to a rare earth particle into an aqueous blend of fracking sand, and a second involving an activated amine terminated polymer in an aqueous solution. The second mixture is then added to the first mixture, and covalent amide bonds are formed.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes solid compositions comprising a paraffin inhibitor and a corrosion inhibitor. The paraffin inhibitors include polymers having various repeat units containing one or more ester moieties. The corrosion inhibitors can be imidazoline compounds, quaternary ammonium compounds, or a combination thereof. These solid compositions can be used to treat subterranean hydrocarbon-containing reservoir and can inhibit or reduce paraffin deposition in the reservoir and/or inhibit or reduce corrosion in a piece of equipment in contact with the reservoir.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method of biocementation comprising contacting a granular, cohesionless soil with a solution, wherein the solution comprises urea, urease, a source of calcium ions, and a source of non-urease proteins, wherein the urea, urease, source of calcium ions, and source of non-urease proteins are provided in effective amounts suitable to cause crystallization of calcium carbonate.

Abstract: A drilling fluid composition includes an aqueous base fluid, 0.01 to 5 wt. % of polyamine-functionalized activated carbon (AC-PAD), 0.1 to 10 wt. % of a shale material, 0.01 to 2 wt. % of a thickener, 0.1 to 10 wt. % of a fluid loss control additive, 0.01 to 5 wt. % of an adsorbent, and 1 to 20 wt. % of a borehole stabilizer. Each wt. % is based on a total weight of the drilling fluid composition. The AC-PAD is uniformly disposed on surfaces of the shale material. The shale material has an average pore size of 5 to 400 nanometers (nm). A method of preparing the AC-PAD and a method of drilling a subterranean geological formation.

Abstract: A composition of matter comprises a liquid and functionalized nanoparticles suspended in the liquid. At least some of the functionalized nanoparticles comprise nanoparticles of aluminosilica and have a chemical structure of: wherein at least one of the X's represents —O— bonded to a silicon (Si) atom or an aluminum (Al) atom of the aluminosilica of at least one of the nanoparticles; each other of the X's represents an additional —O— bonded to another silicon (Si) atom or another aluminum (Al) atom of the aluminosilica of at least one of the nanoparticles, an alkoxy group, an alkyl group, a hydroxyl group (OH), a hydrogen atom, or a halide; Z represents an oxygen (O) atom or an NH group; and Q represents an epoxide group, an aziridine group, a —CH(OH)CH2OH group, a —CH(OH)CH2NH2 group, a —CH(NH)2CH2OH group, or a —CH(NH2)CH2NH2 group. Methods of formation and of use are also disclosed.