Abstract: An Optical Imaging Device of Retinal Function has been developed to detect changes in reflectance of near infrared light from the retina of human subjects in response to visual activation of the retina by a pattern stimulus. The measured changes in reflectance correspond in time to the onset and offset of the visual stimulus in the portion of the retina being stimulated. Any changes in reflectance can be measured by interrogating the retina with a light source. The light source may be presented to the retina via the cornea and pupil or through other tissues in and around the eye. Different wavelengths of interrogating light may be used to interrogate various layers of the retina. Additionally, various novel patterns and methods of stimulation have been developed for use with the imaging device and methods.

Abstract: An apparatus for determining the objective refraction of a patient's eye includes a transparent window and a wavefront measurement device that determines aberrations in a return beam from the patient's eye after the beam passes through a corrective test lens in the apparatus. The wavefront measurement device outputs an instant display representative of the quality of vision afforded the patient through the test lens. The display can be a representation of a Snellen chart, convoluted with the optical characteristics of the patient's vision, an overall quality of vision scale or the optical contrast function, all based on the wavefront measurements of the patient's eye. The examiner may use the display information to conduct a refraction examination and other vision tests without the subjective response from the patient.

Abstract: A pupil measuring apparatus includes a mark placed in a space where a background is observable by both eyes; a mark moving device for moving the mark between the eyes and the background; an illumination optical system for illuminating the eyes from the background side; two cameras for respectively imaging the pupils of the eyes; a calculating means for calculating areas or diameters of the respective pupils thus imaged, from video signals of the two cameras; and a display for providing an output of a graph showing change in the areas or diameters of the two pupils calculated against a position of the mark or a time associated with the position on a single screen.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for improving the resolution of fundus images and correction of optical aberrations is described in which a bundle of electromagnetic beams is directed into an optical system and the reflected electromagnetic beams are recorded by a sensor. A processor may control the energy source to provide a plurality of different electromagnetic bundles to image the entire optical system. The reflected electromagnetic beams recorded by the sensor are compared to the original electromagnetic bundle configurations to calculate the aberrations of the optical system of interest. Among other applications, the calculated aberrations may be used to construct accurate fundus images, provide input for laser surgery of the eye, fabricate corrective lenses and provide accurate digital images of structures sensed through imperfect optical systems.

Abstract: A vision metric, called the sharpness metric, indicates the subjective sharpness of a patient's vision by taking into account both the wavefront aberration and the retinal response to the image. A retinal image quality function such as the point spread function is convolved by a neural quality function, and the maximum of the convolution over the retinal plane provides the sharpness metric. The sharpness metric can be used to control eye surgery or the fabrication of a lens.

Abstract: An apparatus comprising an accommodative stimulation device, an electromagnetic wave exposure device, and an imaging device. The apparatus acquires imaging information about an eye by means of the electromagnetic wave exposure device and the imaging device as the apparatus simultaneously stimulates the eye to undergo at least one reversible accommodative transition from any first state of accommodation to any second state of accommodation by means of the accommodative stimulation device. The accommodative stimulation device has an axis of projection that is substantially perpendicular to a visual axis of the eye, along which axis of projection an adjustable accommodative target is projected through a system of Badal optics, having a Badal optical axis coincident with the axis of projection, to strike a half-silvered mirror lying in a plane that forms an angle of about 45 degrees with the axis of projection and the visual axis of the eye.

Abstract: An eye model 10 includes a partially-spherical transparent disk 12 for representing a cornea, and a housing 14 attached to the disk 12 including a volume for holding a fluid representing aqueous within an eye. An annular ring 18 is attached to the housing 14 for representing an iris and a lens 20 is attached to the annular ring 18 for representing a lens of the eye. An end-cap 22 on an end opposite the disk 12 represents a retina.

Abstract: A medical data processing method includes the steps of inputting or obtaining image data, temporarily storing the inputted or obtained image data, and automatically deleting the temporarily stored image data in accordance with a predetermined delete condition.

Abstract: In an eye fundus examination apparatus such as an eye fundus blood flowmeter, the display on a monitor is changed depending on the detection stage of the eye fundus examination apparatus. When measurement is started, an eye fundus image is zoomed to allow an easy check on the measurement state of the eye fundus. When the measurement is completed, the eye fundus image is restored to its initial size. This makes it possible to easily observe a measurement region during measurement and facilitate observation of measurement data after the measurement. In addition, when an eye fundus image is to be zoomed, a measurement region can be reliably observed by positioning the measurement position in the center of the monitor.

Abstract: Disclosed is an ophthalmologic apparatus, such as a slit lamp microscope, which is improved in terms of cable routing when an imaging apparatus is used, thereby achieving an improvement in operability for the examiner, mitigating the bother or discomfort for the subject, and realizing an improved outward appearance.

Abstract: An imaging system and method for imaging an object, where an objective lens directs light to the object, a coupling lens receives light reflected from a surface of the object and transmitted through the objective lens, and focuses the reflected light as an image of the object, and an annular light emitter arranged concentrically with an optical axis of the objective lens and the coupling lens emits to the objective lens the light directed to the object.

Abstract: Methods and systems for tracking a position and torsional orientation of a patient's eye. In one embodiment, the present invention provides methods and software for registering a first image of an eye with a second image of an eye. In another embodiment, the present invention provides methods and software for tracking a torsional movement of the eye. In a particular usage, the present invention tracks the torsional cyclorotation and translational movement of a patient's eye so as to improve the delivery of a laser energy to the patient's cornea.

Abstract: A method of deriving a prediction model and calculating a predicted lens power to provide a desired post-operative spherical equivalent to correct myopia in a phakic eye of a patient using an intraocular lens includes measuring and determining the predictive significance of certain pre-operative characteristics of the eye, including cycloplegic and manifest spherical equivalent, vertex distance, anterior chamber depth, axial length, and keratometry. The prediction model is derived using multiple regression analysis on the pre-operative and post operative data. Measured data corresponding to a particular patient is used in the lens power prediction model to calculate the predicted lens power for implantation in the patient.

Abstract: A device measures aberrations of an eye and contains a first light source, a lens, a reflective surface, and a wavefront sensor. The first light source is adapted to reflect light off eye's retina to produce a wavefront. The lens is adapted to receive light from the wavefront. The reflective surface is disposed so as to reflect light from the wavefront that is received by the lens back through the lens to produce an image of the wavefront. The wavefront sensor is adapted to receive light from the wavefront so as to provide a measure of the aberrations of the eye. The device may contain a second light source primarily at a second wavelength that illuminates the eye. Light from the second light source is substantially transmitted through the reflective surface to form an image of the eye that may be used to align the device.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods can determine positional and rotational offsets between a first and second imaging device. Embodiments may determine the relative offsets between a Hartmann-Shack wavefront sensor and a pupil camera using a calibration apparatus having a rotationally asymmetric aperture. The image obtained by the Hartmann-Shack wavefront sensor way comprise a spot pattern that corresponds to a shape of the aperture. A marker may be superimposed over the images, with a shape of the marker substantially corresponding to the shape of the aperture, and movements of the marker from nominal positions on each image can be compared to determine the offsets.

Abstract: A model eye for an eye characteristic measuring device and a calibration method for the model eye. The model eye can have various aberrations and/or power characteristics to be formed by a combination of a refractive-type lens and a phase plate for adding aberration and can be used to confirm the accuracy of wavefront measurement or the like of the eye characteristic measuring device. The model eye includes an anterior eye lens forming a predetermined power to be given to the model eye, a diffusion surface diffusing and reflecting incident light, the diffusion surface being disposed at an image point position corresponding to the predetermined power in relationship to the anterior eye lens, and an aberration adding member giving a predetermined aberration to an area between the anterior eye lens and the diffusion surface. Power and aberration required for the model eye are formed by the anterior eye lens and the phase plate.

Abstract: An improved wavefront sensor is provided that enhances the initial focus and precision of imaged spots used to determine the monochromatic wave aberrations of the eye. The wavefront sensor includes an adjustment camera that is independent of a lenslet camera. A laser in a lower power mode is projected onto the retina of the eye and is brought into more precise or sharp focus by a control system employing data from the adjustment camera, which aids in focusing the imaged spots. “Trombone”-type optics are used to adjust the focus of the light projected onto the retina and the imaged spots onto a sensor. The laser has a higher power mode used when acquiring data of the imaged spots from the sensor.

Abstract: A method of and apparatus for diagnosing and treating amblyoptic conditions within the human vision system, wherein optical magnification is used to provide an amblyopic eye with more photonic energy than the non-amblyopic eye during treatment so as to over-stimulate the neural pathways along the visual channel of the amblyopic eye, and eventually achieve harmony along the both visual channels of the patient over the course of treatment, without the use of occlusion therapy.

Abstract: An method for providing an objective manifest refraction of a patient's eye includes obtaining at least fourth-order Zernike wavefront aberration information, fitting a second-order only polynomial to the at least fourth-order data, and using this information to predict the patient's manifest refraction with an accuracy approaching the patient's subjective manifest refraction. A method is also described for prescribing an accurate vision correction based upon the objective manifest refraction. A display according to the invention includes higher-order wavefront aberrations, lower order wavefront aberrations, numerical indicia of predicted manifest refraction, and images of qualitative assessments of a patient's vision quality. A device for obtaining an objective manifest refraction is described.

Abstract: To provide an ophthalmic image pickup apparatus capable of setting a fixation target in a position suitable for image pickup in accordance with a selection of an image pickup purpose (group medical examination such as an adult disease examination or a glaucomatous examination). In addition, it can be determined whether operation of the fixation target is inhibited or allowed in accordance with the selected image pickup purpose.