Abstract: Multiple fundus images are obtained and stored in a memory. The images concern a same eye to be examined, but are obtained at different positions relative to the optical axis of the eyeball. An image playback portion repeatedly displays fundus images from the memory, in order at a predetermined time pitch and as obtained from the different positions. This encompasses a stereoscopic range, using display of the images one-by-one.

Abstract: A scanning laser ophthalmoscope incorporates adaptive optics to compensate for wavefront aberrations in the eye. Light from a light source is scanned onto the retina. Light reflected from the retina is detected for imaging and is also used for wavefront sensing. The sensed wavefront aberrations are used to control an adaptive optic device, such as a deformable mirror, disposed in the path of the light from the source in order to compensate for the aberrations.

Abstract: A flash recovery timer and warning device is a hand-held electronic device using a bright flash to create a temporary glare-type vision blur to the eye to be tested and a target and timer to determine the amount of time required for the eye to recover after the flash. The device has a voice chip that, in addition to the timer display, warns that the vision recovery time is unusually flash recovery times are recorded and stored in the device. Other clinical applications may be useful.

Abstract: An apparatus for examining an anterior-segment of an eye, capable of grasping each part of the anterior-segment of the eye three-dimensionally and the condition of the center of its pupil accurately.

Abstract: The optical tracking device of the present invention is contemplated to obtain a large tracking range in an open loop configuration. The tracking device projects and scans two probe beams across a symmetric reference landmark that has at least two symmetric lines or axes. The two probe beams scan repeatedly and alternatively along two directions of which each is perpendicular to a symmetric line of the reference mark. For each scan, a substantially symmetric profile is generated in the scattered light as the beam scans across the boundary on each side of the symmetric reference. This symmetric profile in the scattered light is detected and used to determine the position of the related symmetric line. The position detection of the symmetric line is independent from the object's movement along the direction of the symmetric line. The scattered-light signal from the two probe beams is separated by synchronized detection in the time domain.

Abstract: According to at least one of the disclosed embodiments of the present invention, there is provided a vision therapy system and method which relates to the viewing of differently colored images through a pair of differently colored lenses for the eyes of the user, where at least one of the colored images has associated therewith a gray image to help conceal from view a selected portion or all of a selected image when viewed through the lenses.

Abstract: A method for testing a plurality of regions in a color space to identify any of, or a subcombination of, the following color vision deficiencies: protanopia, deuteranopia, tritanopia, and related anomalies. A set of distractor colors is distributed across a region of color space such that the confusion line through a single target color intersects approximately the middle of the set. The distractor set spans a region extending in both chromaticity and luminance, which provides leeway for display errors since the confusion line will intersect the set even if colors do not render exactly as specified, and color deficient observers would still not be able to identify the target. A web-based implementation enables remote testing of subjects while detecting calibration errors of the display device.

Abstract: A placido device 10 includes a single-curvature, semi-circular screen 12 having an opaque covering which is interrupted along its surface to form an illuminated pattern. A flat top 14 is attached to the top of the screen 12 and angled from the screen front 28 towards the screen bottom 26. Also, a flat bottom 16 is attached to the bottom of the screen 12 and angled from the screen front 28 towards the screen top 24.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and system for determining the topography for reaction signals of an eye. The reaction signals of cyclic luminous excitations are simultaneously measured on partial surfaces of the retina by using, for each partial surface, another integer number of oscillations in a predetermined time segment. These oscillations are derived from a clock rate. In the time segment, a smaller number of oscillations occur by prolonging a clock pulse by an appointed interval, and a greater number of oscillations occur by shortening the clock pulse by an appointed interval. The cumulative signal recorded on the patient contains the sum of the reaction signals and is digitized in an amplified and filtered manner with the clock pulse for generating the oscillations. The reaction signals of the individual partial surfaces are recovered by cyclic summation.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for quantifying the extent a cataract impairs vision in an eye having a pupil, an ocular lens, and a retina. The method includes illuminating a localized region of the retina such that light is reflected from the localized region and is transmitted through the ocular lens. A portion of the reflected light is scattered by the cataract associated with the ocular lens. Light reflected from the localized region of the retina is collected, and the amount of scatter is measured so as to quantify the extent the scatter impairs vision of the eye.

Abstract: A fundus image-taking and recording apparatus emits an appropriate amount of light at the time of taking an image by determining an appropriate light exposure from the amount of observation light during observation. In particular, even when the brightness varies during fluorescence image-taking, the fundus image-taking apparatus can provide an image having adequate brightness by measuring the sensitivity of a television camera for observation to thereby determine an appropriate amount of image-taking light.

Abstract: A method of acquiring images of the ocular fundus includes software processing acquired images to determine which areas of the fundus have been imaged and comparison software for determining which regions of the fundus need to be imaged but have not been thus far. Based on the processing and comparison, audible or visible feedback is provided to the patient prompting them to shift their line of sight so as to enable the capturing of the remaining regions of the fundus.

Abstract: A system (10) for measuring a diameter of a limbus of an eye (12). An image recorder (14) is at a known location apart from the eye and records an illuminated limbus image. An illumination source (16) at a known location relative to the image recorder (14) illuminates the limbus. A computer device (18) connected to the image recorder (14) determines the diameter of the limbus from the recorded illuminated limbus image.

Abstract: A binocular indirect laser ophthalmoscope is provided comprising binocular eyepieces each having an optical axis defining an optical plane, the ophthalmoscope having a central viewing axis lying in the optical plane; and an optical element adapted to position a laser beam into the optical plan substantially on the viewing axis and substantially parallel to the viewing axis.

Abstract: Apparatuses and methods for improving aberration determination capabilities, providing corrective prescription verification, and allowing binocular vision correction in ophthalmic wavefront measuring devices. (1) Improved aberration determination capabilities are achieved through input beam modification which includes sensing an image in a wavefront emanating from an eye in response to an input beam with a sensor and then modifying the input beam with an adaptive optical device based on the sensed information. (2) Corrective prescription verification includes modifying an image with an adaptive optical element to produce a corrected image at the patients eye. (3) Binocular vision correction for a pair of eyes includes measuring the aberrations of one eye with a first ophthalmic wavefront measuring device and measuring the aberration produced by the other eye with a second ophthalmic wavefront measuring device substantially simultaneously.

Abstract: A system and method for prescribing and/or dispensing ophthalmic lenses for a wearer. The method includes determining at least the wearer's individual visual behavioural patterns in terms of head movement and/or eye movement, processing those patterns with respect to a predetermined relationship between known head movements and/or eye movement characteristics and available ophthalmic lenses, such that the processing categorises wearers into a head movement or eye movement category that can then be used to produce a recommendation for an ophthalmic lens for the wearer. The system includes a transmitter unit (10), receivers on the user (12, 14) providing data to the interface (16). During a test a standard set of frames (18) are used, as are near (20) and intermediate (22) distance reading planes.

Abstract: An eye's optical characteristic measuring system comprises an aperture diaphragm 14 arranged at a position approximately conjugate to a pupil of an eye 1 under testing and for determining regions to pass a light beam on the pupil 18, a projection optical system 2 for projecting a primary index image on a fundus of the eye under testing via the aperture diaphragm, a photodetection optical system 3 for forming a secondary index image on a photoelectric detector 21 via the aperture diaphragm by a reflected light beam from the fundus of the eye under testing, and detecting units 26, 27 and 28 for detecting a light amount intensity distribution of the secondary index image based on a signal from the photoelectric detector.

Abstract: An enhanced dynamic range wavefront sensing system includes a light source disposed on a first side of an optically transmissive device, a wavefront sensor disposed on a second side of an optically transmissive device, a relay imaging system disposed between the optically transmissive device and the wavefront sensor, and means for adjusting a distance between the light source and the optically transmissive device. Beneficially, the relay imaging system includes a range-limiting aperture to insure that the wavefront sensor never goes out of range so that a feedback system can be employed to move the light source one focal length away from the optically transmissive device.

Abstract: A method for measuring reading ability in which the test subject reads passages at a predetermined distance from the eyes of the test subject, the text size of the passages varying in steps in the reading order, the measurer assessing the test subject's reading ability on the basis of what the measurer hears. Each text passage contains at least one numeral word, indicating the visual acuity required by the passage. An auxiliary device for positioning the test subject's eyes at a desired distance from the object being viewed includes a plurality of parts of different lengths, linkable to one another in succession, from which parts the length corresponding to each desired distance is obtained by selecting and, when necessary, by linking the parts together.

Abstract: Disclosed are an apparatus for measurement of a polarized distribution, a polarizing filter for use of the apparatus and a polarizing filter assembly. The apparatus for measurement of polarized distribution comprises an illuminating optical system for illuminating a subject to be examined by circularly polarized detecting light, and an image receiving optical system for receiving detected light from said subject illuminated by said circularly polarized detecting light. The image receiving optical system includes a CCD element having an imaging provided integrally with a polarizing filter. The polarizing filter is composed of repetitions of unit platelets comprising polarizing micro-plates for decomposing the detecting light into first linearly polarized light components which are mutually perpendicular and polarizing micro-plates for decomposing the detecting light into second linearly polarized light components in a direction of crossing to the first linearly polarized light components.