Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an improvement in the process of hydrolysis of cellulose to produce nanocellulose using imidazolium-based ionic liquids with short alkyl chains in the presence of transition metal complex and an oxidizing agent.

Abstract: This invention provides, among other things, compounds useful for treating spirochete diseases such as Lyme disease, as well as pharmaceutical formulations and/or environmental baits containing such compounds.

Abstract: A preparation method of a Lentinula edodes polysaccharide rich in ?-glucan includes: (1) extracting the Lentinula edodes polysaccharide to obtain a filtrate; (2) concentrating the filtrate to obtain a supernatant; (3) precipitating a crude Lentinula edodes polysaccharide from the supernatant using anhydrous ethanol to obtain a first precipitate; and (4) purifying the first precipitate to obtain the Lentinula edodes polysaccharide. The Lentinula edodes polysaccharide rich in the ?-glucan has stable quality, and its yield, polysaccharide content and ?-glucan content are significantly improved compared with water extraction and alcohol precipitation methods in the related art. In vitro pharmacological experiments prove that the Lentinula edodes polysaccharide rich in the ?-glucan has good anti-inflammatory activity and can be applied to preparation of drugs or health foods.

Abstract: A glycoside compound of fatty acids that includes the general formula: GalNAc-GalNAc-Glc-O—R, where GalNAc is ?- or ?-D-N-acetylgalactosamine, Glc-O—R is a molecule of ?- or ?-D-glucose esterified to a monounsaturated fatty acid (R), where R is selected from 12:1(n) and where n is an integer between 2 and 11; 11:1(n) and where n is an integer between 2 and 10; 10:1(n), and where n is an integer between 2 and 9; 9:1(n), and where n is an integer between 2 and 8; 8:1(n), and where n is an integer between 2 and 8; 7:1(n) and where n is an integer between 2 and 7; and 6:1(n), and where n is an integer between 2 and 6. The compound has activity against plant pathogens, and induces the defense, and promotes the growth, of plants.

Abstract: There are provided, inter alia, methods for decreasing mucus elasticity or decreasing mucus viscosity in a subject in need thereof, the methods including administering to the subject an effective amount of a dithiolsaccharide mucolytic agent, and compounds and pharmaceutical compositions useful for the methods.

Abstract: The present invention provides a compound of Formula (I) and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts, esters, and prodrugs thereof, which are PRMT5 inhibitors. Also provided are methods of making compounds of Formula I, pharmaceutical compositions comprising compounds of Formula I, and methods of using these compounds to treat cancer, sickle cell, and hereditary persistence of foetal hemoglobin (HPFH) mutations.

Abstract: The invention discloses a functionalised chitosan, or a salt thereof, used in the treatment of pathologies of the respiratory tract or hepatic pathologies, preferably caused by viral infections. It was indeed observed that said functionalised chitosan or salt thereof was able to act as galectin-modulator, modulating in particular galectin-3, and therefore determining a marked reduction in the inflammatory and fibrotic cascade generated by these viral infections. The invention moreover discloses a pharmaceutical composition, as well as a biomaterial, comprising this functionalised chitosan, or a salt thereof.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides reagent compounds, reactive biopolymeric compounds, and methods of making and using these materials for the rapid and efficient synthesis and purification of biopolymeric compounds at low cost. The materials and methods yield highly pure synthetic biopolymeric compounds, including synthetic oligonucleotides and polypeptides, and reduce or eliminate the need for toxic solvents in the synthetic process.

Abstract: Disclosed are compounds, in particular based on polysaccharides, that are adsorbed on a cellulosic material, and relates in particular to the application of such compounds as reinforcing agent for cellulosic materials, in the wet and/or dry state. The compounds include a combination of at least one polysaccharide adsorbed on a cellulosic material, the polysaccharide including at least two different monosaccharide units, forming first and second monosaccharide units, the second monosaccharide units being branched on a chain including at least the first monosaccharide units, at least some of the second monosaccharide units being non-cyclic and bearing aldehyde functions, the aldehyde functions possibly forming hemiacetal functions with hydroxy functions of the cellulosic material.

Abstract: Methods, compositions and kits comprising alpha-adrenergic antagonists, such as phentolamine, for the treatment of glaucoma, ocular hypertension, and/or other ocular disorders, such as non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy or keratoconus, are provided. Said methods, compositions and kits may further comprise additional therapeutic agents, including prostaglandin analogues such as latanoprost, beta-adrenergic antagonists, alpha-adrenergic agonists, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, cholinergic agonists, NMDA receptor antagonist, adenosine receptor antagonists, 5-HT2a receptor agonists, or Rho kinase inhibitors.

Abstract: Gel formulations having antimicrobial activity are disclosed. Methods of using the gel formulation are further disclosed.

Abstract: This invention relates generally to covalently crosslinked colloidal cellulose nanocrystals (xCNC) and methods of preparation and use thereof. The colloidal cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are covalently crosslinked in aqueous suspension to generate a network showing tunable physicochemical properties. The xCNC structures are tunable in terms of their physicochemical properties and arrangement within the hydrogel network. The covalent crosslinking of solitary sulfonated (—OSO3) CNCs can be accomplished without prior hydroxyl replacement or functionalization.

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses a method for prolonging half-life of theanine in vivo. According to the present disclosure, a specific theanine glycoside compound formed by modification with a specific monosaccharide is used for prolonging the half-life of the theanine in vivo, which can be used for preparing sustained release drugs, prolonging action time of drugs, reducing administration frequency and improving compliance of patients. With the method of the present disclosure, the theanine glycoside compound obtained after modification can have a broad application prospect and a high commercial value in scientific research and clinical application.

Abstract: A method of making microcrystalline grade powdered cellulose from rice straw can include obtaining rice straws; drying the rice straws to obtain dried rice straws; cutting the dried rice straws to obtain rice straw pieces; soaking the rice straw pieces in a solvent to obtain a mixture; adding the mixture to an acidic solution to obtain a solution mixture; ultrasonicating the solution mixture to obtain extracted cellulose; separating the extracted cellulose from the solution mixture via filtering to obtain filtered extracted cellulose; adding the filtered extracted cellulose to a solution of sodium hydroxide to obtain a mercerized mixture; stirring while heating the mercerized mixture to obtain mercerized cellulose; separating the mercerized cellulose from the mercerized mixture via filtering to obtain filtered mercerized cellulose; and drying the filtered mercerized cellulose to obtain microcrystalline grade powdered cellulose.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods of using aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) for the isolation, concentration and/or purification of short nucleic acid fragment having about or less than 250 base pairs (bp). In one embodiment, the present invention provides a composition and kit for the purification of short nucleic acid fragments having about or less than 250 base pairs from nucleic acid-containing biological materials. In another embodiment, the present invention provides uses of certain salts and/or polymers in a two-phase system for the purification of short nucleic acid fragments having about or less than 250 base pairs from nucleic acid containing biological materials.

Abstract: A graft copolymer and a preparation method and use thereof. The method for preparing a graft copolymer includes: dissolving an N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidinone-substituted flavan-3-ol (EPSF) and a starch in a polar organic solvent, to obtain a raw material solution; and mixing the raw material solution with ascorbic acid and hydrogen peroxide to obtain a mixture, and subjecting the mixture to a grafting reaction, to obtain the graft copolymer.

Abstract: Compositions contain 6?-sialyllactose (6? SL) and lacto-N-tetraose (LNT), for use in the reduction of nociception in an infant or in a young child. The compositions are in particular useful in reducing abdominal pain, such as pain associated with infantile colic, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and/or recurrent abdominal pain (RAP), and consequently also contribute to reducing the crying periods and to improving the quality of sleep and the general quality of life of the infants and young children.

Abstract: Methods for treating a subject for mucositis are provided. Aspects of the methods include administering an effective amount of a cancer therapy toxicity-reducing adjuvant in combination with uridine or a prodrug thereof to the subject. In certain embodiments, the cancer therapy toxicity-reducing adjuvant is a 2,2?-anhydropyrimidine, or a derivative thereof. Also provided are compositions for use in practicing the subject methods. The subject methods and compositions find use in a variety of different cancer therapy applications.

Abstract: Sulfate ester modified cellulose nanofibers having an average fiber diameter in the range of 1 nm to 500 nm, and having sulfate ester modified hydroxyl groups on surfaces of the cellulose nanofibers. A method of producing cellulose nanofibers that are nanosized, that have a high crystallinity degree, and that have large aspect ratios, the method being a chemical method that does not require any physical pulverization, that is energy-saving, and that can be performed under mild reaction conditions. A method of producing modified cellulose nanofibers including modifying the surfaces of the cellulose nanofibers through esterification or urethanization. A method of producing cellulose nanofibers includes impregnating cellulose with a fibrillation solution containing dimethylsulfoxide, at least one carboxylic acid anhydride selected from acetic anhydride and propionic anhydride, and sulfuric acid to fibrillate the cellulose.

Abstract: A polymer includes a hydrophobic polymer backbone, a first plurality of pendant groups attached to the hydrophobic polymer backbone and including at least one group including a plurality of hydroxyl groups, and a second plurality of pendant groups attached to the hydrophobic polymer backbone and comprising at least one hydrophilic polymer.