Abstract: Methods, compositions and kits comprising alpha-adrenergic antagonists, such as phentolamine, for the treatment of glaucoma, ocular hypertension, and/or other ocular disorders, such as non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy or keratoconus, are provided. Said methods, compositions and kits may further comprise additional therapeutic agents, including prostaglandin analogues such as latanoprost, beta-adrenergic antagonists, alpha-adrenergic agonists, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, cholinergic agonists, NMDA receptor antagonist, adenosine receptor antagonists, 5-HT2a receptor agonists, or Rho kinase inhibitors.

Abstract: Gel formulations having antimicrobial activity are disclosed. Methods of using the gel formulation are further disclosed.

Abstract: This invention relates generally to covalently crosslinked colloidal cellulose nanocrystals (xCNC) and methods of preparation and use thereof. The colloidal cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are covalently crosslinked in aqueous suspension to generate a network showing tunable physicochemical properties. The xCNC structures are tunable in terms of their physicochemical properties and arrangement within the hydrogel network. The covalent crosslinking of solitary sulfonated (—OSO3) CNCs can be accomplished without prior hydroxyl replacement or functionalization.

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses a method for prolonging half-life of theanine in vivo. According to the present disclosure, a specific theanine glycoside compound formed by modification with a specific monosaccharide is used for prolonging the half-life of the theanine in vivo, which can be used for preparing sustained release drugs, prolonging action time of drugs, reducing administration frequency and improving compliance of patients. With the method of the present disclosure, the theanine glycoside compound obtained after modification can have a broad application prospect and a high commercial value in scientific research and clinical application.

Abstract: A method of making microcrystalline grade powdered cellulose from rice straw can include obtaining rice straws; drying the rice straws to obtain dried rice straws; cutting the dried rice straws to obtain rice straw pieces; soaking the rice straw pieces in a solvent to obtain a mixture; adding the mixture to an acidic solution to obtain a solution mixture; ultrasonicating the solution mixture to obtain extracted cellulose; separating the extracted cellulose from the solution mixture via filtering to obtain filtered extracted cellulose; adding the filtered extracted cellulose to a solution of sodium hydroxide to obtain a mercerized mixture; stirring while heating the mercerized mixture to obtain mercerized cellulose; separating the mercerized cellulose from the mercerized mixture via filtering to obtain filtered mercerized cellulose; and drying the filtered mercerized cellulose to obtain microcrystalline grade powdered cellulose.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods of using aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) for the isolation, concentration and/or purification of short nucleic acid fragment having about or less than 250 base pairs (bp). In one embodiment, the present invention provides a composition and kit for the purification of short nucleic acid fragments having about or less than 250 base pairs from nucleic acid-containing biological materials. In another embodiment, the present invention provides uses of certain salts and/or polymers in a two-phase system for the purification of short nucleic acid fragments having about or less than 250 base pairs from nucleic acid containing biological materials.

Abstract: A graft copolymer and a preparation method and use thereof. The method for preparing a graft copolymer includes: dissolving an N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidinone-substituted flavan-3-ol (EPSF) and a starch in a polar organic solvent, to obtain a raw material solution; and mixing the raw material solution with ascorbic acid and hydrogen peroxide to obtain a mixture, and subjecting the mixture to a grafting reaction, to obtain the graft copolymer.

Abstract: Methods for treating a subject for mucositis are provided. Aspects of the methods include administering an effective amount of a cancer therapy toxicity-reducing adjuvant in combination with uridine or a prodrug thereof to the subject. In certain embodiments, the cancer therapy toxicity-reducing adjuvant is a 2,2?-anhydropyrimidine, or a derivative thereof. Also provided are compositions for use in practicing the subject methods. The subject methods and compositions find use in a variety of different cancer therapy applications.

Abstract: Compositions contain 6?-sialyllactose (6? SL) and lacto-N-tetraose (LNT), for use in the reduction of nociception in an infant or in a young child. The compositions are in particular useful in reducing abdominal pain, such as pain associated with infantile colic, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and/or recurrent abdominal pain (RAP), and consequently also contribute to reducing the crying periods and to improving the quality of sleep and the general quality of life of the infants and young children.

Abstract: A polymer includes a hydrophobic polymer backbone, a first plurality of pendant groups attached to the hydrophobic polymer backbone and including at least one group including a plurality of hydroxyl groups, and a second plurality of pendant groups attached to the hydrophobic polymer backbone and comprising at least one hydrophilic polymer.

Abstract: Sulfate ester modified cellulose nanofibers having an average fiber diameter in the range of 1 nm to 500 nm, and having sulfate ester modified hydroxyl groups on surfaces of the cellulose nanofibers. A method of producing cellulose nanofibers that are nanosized, that have a high crystallinity degree, and that have large aspect ratios, the method being a chemical method that does not require any physical pulverization, that is energy-saving, and that can be performed under mild reaction conditions. A method of producing modified cellulose nanofibers including modifying the surfaces of the cellulose nanofibers through esterification or urethanization. A method of producing cellulose nanofibers includes impregnating cellulose with a fibrillation solution containing dimethylsulfoxide, at least one carboxylic acid anhydride selected from acetic anhydride and propionic anhydride, and sulfuric acid to fibrillate the cellulose.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a pharmaceutical composition, an oral administration agent and an eye drop for preventing or treating retinal diseases or optic nerve diseases including the compound represented by the Chemical Formula 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as an active ingredient and the pharmaceutical composition, the oral administration agent and the eye drop can effectively prevent or treat retinal disease or optic nerve disease.

Abstract: Pharmaceutical compositions comprising two or more therapeutically active agents, such as two or more anticancer agents, conjugated to one or more biocompatible polymers, wherein the molar ratio of the agents and/or schedules of delivery provide a synergistic therapeutic effect, are described. Methods of making and using the pharmaceutical compositions are further described. In one embodiment, the pharmaceutical compositions contain topoisomerase I and topoisomerase II inhibitors conjugated to the same or different biocompatible polymers. The two or more anticancer agents are covalently coupled to the polymer(s), and thereby can be delivered to a tumor at a molar ratio which provides a synergistic effect. Optionally, the agents are coupled indirectly to the polymer(s) via a linker.

Abstract: Crosslinked nucleotide polymers. A crosslinked nucleotide polymer may be formed by reaction of a biomass comprising DNA and/or RNA with one or more crosslinker(s). A crosslinked nucleotide polymers may be formed by a crosslinking reaction including an aza-Michael addition reaction. Crosslinked nucleotide polymers may be present in various forms and compositions and form various articles of manufacture. Crosslinked nucleotide polymers may be used in therapeutic methods, coating methods, and cell-free protein production methods.

Abstract: According to an example aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of producing cellulose carbamate in an aqueous phase. The method comprises the steps of a) providing a cellulose raw-material; b) providing urea; c) mixing cellulose and urea to provide a mixture; d) subjecting the mixture to a reduced pressure of no more than 350 mbar(a); e) heating the mixture to a temperature of 130 to 150° C. to subject cellulose to reaction with urea to form cellulose carbamate; f) releasing the pressure; and g) recovering the cellulose carbamate g) recovering the cellulose carbamate, and h) washing the cellulose carbamate with water to remove water soluble nitrogenous compounds wherein the water-soluble nitrogeneous compounds make up at the most 12%, preferably 6% or less, of the total weight of cellulose carbamate and water-soluble nitrogenous compounds.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods for treating or suppressing tumor metastasis at a site distinct from the bladder in an individual having a urothelial carcinoma of lower tract, comprising locally delivering to the bladder an effective amount of a chemotherapeutic agent (such as gemcitabine), wherein the chemotherapeutic agent is delivered continuously to the bladder for a sustained period of time (such as at least 24 hours).

Abstract: In one aspect, the disclosure relates to a facile strategy to introduce electron-deficient aryl sulfate diesters to silylated hydroxyl groups of carbohydrates and amino acids, among other substrates, wherein selective hydrolysis and the removal of an electron-deficient aromatic group allows for the efficient generation of sulfated carbohydrates, peptides, and other compounds. The incorporation of electron-deficient aryl sulfate diesters in the early stage of the synthesis of glycans, peptides, and the like, disclosed herein avoids time-consuming protecting group manipulations, simplifies the purification of sulfated products, and improves the overall yield and efficiency. This abstract is intended as a scanning tool for purposes of searching in the particular art and is not intended to be limiting of the present disclosure.

Abstract: It is provided i) an amorphous carbohydrate with improved chemical stability and/or physical features, ii) a method for producing an amorphous carbohydrate with improved chemical stability and/or physical features, and iii) a method for improving the chemical stability and/or the physical features of an amorphous carbohydrate.

Abstract: The invention relates to a new process for the purification of oligonucleotides which comprises the removal of the acid labile 5?hydroxy protecting group at the 5?-O-oligonucleotide terminus of the oligonucleotide by way of tangential flow filtration with an acidic buffer solution. The process requires less steps and allows a higher degree of automation.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a novel material and composition to perform purification and concentration of biological sample or nucleic acid in single step. The present disclosure also relates to a method to use of the same in two phase system to purify and concentrate the target biological materials and/or nucleic acids with an improved detection accuracy for diagnostics performance.