Abstract: A method for the polymerization of a monomer is disclosed. The method includes (a) providing a reaction mixture comprising a monomer, a stabilizer precursor, and a polymerization initiator in a polymerization medium comprising carbon dioxide; and then (b) polymerizing the monomer and the stabilizer precursor in the polymerization medium to form a heterogeneous reaction mixture comprising a polymer in the polymerization medium. The stabilizer precursor is covalently bound the polymer to provide an intrinsic surfactant in the polymer, which stabilizes the polymer in the heterogeneous reaction mixture.

Abstract: A polymerization process produces polymers that are insoluble in a reaction mixture that was homogeneous before the polymer began to form. A dispersing agent in the polymerizing system (i.e., the reaction mixture plus the dispersing agent) allows a kinetically stable dispersion of the polymer to be formed in this polymerizing system. The polymerization process is performed in a fluid held under superatmospheric conditions such that the fluid is a liquid or a supercritical fluid; the fluid being carbon dioxide, a hydroflurocarbon, a perfluorocarbon, or a mixture of any of the foregoing.

Abstract: The present invention is concerned with the formation of small particles of organic compounds by precipitating said organic compounds in an aqueous medium containing polymer/amphiphile complexes. The process is preferably used to prepare a readily soluble pharmaceutically active compound.

Abstract: X-ray opaque esters or amides of iodosubstituted benzoic acid according to formula I and polymers and dental materials produced therefrom. ##STR1## R.sup.1 =hydrogen or C.sub.1 to C.sub.3 alkyl, preferably H or CH.sub.3 ; R.sup.2 =straight-chain or branched C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 alkylene, oxyalkylene or arylene, preferably C.sub.2 to C.sub.4 alkylene and particularly preferably --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 -- and --CH.sub.2 CH(--)CH.sub.2 --;X=O or NH, preferably O;R.sup.3 -R.sup.7 =at least 3 iodine substituents, preferably in R.sup.3, R.sup.4 and R.sup.6 or R.sup.3, R.sup.5 and R.sup.7 position, the other groups are hydrogen, C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 alkyl, C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 alkoxy, --Cl, --Br, --OH, --NH.sub.2, --N(C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 alkyl).sub.2 or --NH--CO--(C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 alkyl), preferably R.sup.3, R.sup.4, and R.sup.6 are=I and R.sup.5 and R.sup.7 =H, or R.sup.3, R.sup.5 and R.sup.7 =I and R.sup.4 and R.sup.6 =--NH(COCH.sub.3);n=1, 2 or 3, preferably 1 or 2.

Abstract: This invention discloses heat sensitizable latices and a process for synthesizing heat sensitizable latices. This invention more specifically discloses a process for preparing a heat sensitizable latex which comprises the steps of (1) polymerizing at least one conjugated diolefin monomer in an aqueous polymerization medium by free radical polymerization in the presence of an emulsifier system which is comprised of a fatty ethoxylated monomaleate and optionally an alkyl monomaleate to produce a first latex composition; and (2) adding a water soluble organically modified polysiloxane to the first latex composition to produce the heat sensitizable latex. The present invention further discloses a heat sensitizable latex composition which is comprised of (1) at least one rubbery polymer; (2) water; (3) an emulsifier system which is comprised of a fatty ethoxylated monomaleate and optionally an alkyl monomaleate; and (4) at least one water-soluble organically modified polysiloxane.

Abstract: This invention relates to a silicone-modified vinyl polymer having a weight-average molecular weight from 1,000 to 1,000,000 containing a siloxane group having the formula(--R.sub.a SiO.sub.(3-a)/2)(F(CF.sub.2).sub.b --R.sup.4 --R.sub.c SiO.sub.3-c)/2).sub.x (R.sub.d SiO.sub.(4-d)/2).sub.y (R.sup.5 O.sub.1/2).sub.zwherein R denotes a monovalent hydrocarbon group free of unsaturated bonding, R.sup.4 denotes an alkylene group or an alkyleneoxyalkylene group, R.sup.5 denotes hydrogen or an alkyl group, a is an integer from 0 to 2, b is an integer with a value of at least 4, c is an integer from 0 to 2, d is an integer from 0 to 3, x is a number greater than 0, and y and z are each numbers with values of 0 or more. The polymers of this invention are useful in forming water repellent and oil repellent coatings.

Abstract: Skin or hair care product contains an agent acting cosmetically on the hair or skin, for example thioglycolic acid. The product is fibrous material, wherein the cosmetically acting material is absorbed, the absorbed material containing amino groups. A cellulose-based fiber containing polysilicic acid is used as the fibrous material, preferably viscose fiber, and the active agent is bound to the material through the polysilicic acid.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a porous terpolymer microparticle having a high oil absorbency.

Abstract: An in-mold coating composition for a fiber reinforced plastic comprises an aliphatic resin such as a saturated aliphatic ester intermediate polyurethane having terminal acrylate end groups, a saturated (cyclo)aliphatic (meth)acrylate such as isobornyl acrylate, a hydroxyl alkyl (meth)acrylate, a polyacrylate ester of an alkylene polyol, and a vinyl substituted aromatic. The in-mold coating compositions have good end use weather-resistant properties so that there is no need for a subsequent paint coat thereon which heretofore has been required. The paint-free coating compositions can be either clear or pigmented and can contain various additives such as lubricants, adhesion aids, hardeners, and the like.

Abstract: Silacyclobutene monomers, and polymers based on silacyclobutene building blocks, exhibit photoluminescence in the blue region of the visible spectrum when excited by ultraviolet light.

Abstract: Free radically polymerizable olefinic monomers may be polymerized by using a fluorinated alkyl sulfonyl chloride or bromide and optionally a lower valent metal compound as an initiator system. Monomers such as styrenes, (meth)acrylics, halogenated olefins and vinyl ethers may be polymerized to a variety of thermoplastics or elastomers.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an improved process for producing water-soluble and water-insoluble carboxylic acid polymers and copolymers. The process comprises the steps of polymerizing a carboxylic acid monomer, and a polyfunctional cross-linker monomer in a second embodiment, in an effective molar ratio, in a silicone solvent under an inert atmosphere in the presence of an effective amount of an initiator. The preferred copolymer of the second embodiment includes acrylic acid as the carboxylic acid monomer and a lauryl methacrylate and/or stearyl methacrylate as a comonomer. The resulting copolymers have new and unexpected tolerance to salt-containing water when mixed therewith.

Abstract: Disclosed are the Rhodamine B esters of hydroxy C.sub.2 -C.sub.6 lower alkyl acrylates. Specifically, the hydroxy lower alkyl radical is a linear hydroxy lower alkyl radical having the hydroxy group attached to the terminal carbon atom. Also shown are copolymers of diallyldimetyl ammonium chloride which contains from 0.01-2 mole percent of these Rhodamine B esters and their use in treating industrial waters.

Abstract: A process for preparing copolymers of vinyl esters and monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids by free-radical copolymerization of(a) 20 to 80 mol % of vinyl esters of aliphatic monocarboxylic acids having at least 2 carbon atoms and(b) 80-20 mol % of monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids, with or without(c) 0-30 mol % of other copolymerizable monoethylenically unsaturated monomers and/or(d) 0-10 mol % of monomers which contain at least two non-conjugated ethylenic double bonds in the molecule,in the presence of at least one sulfur, phosphorus and/or nitrogen compound with a reducing action and of 0.05-30% by weight, based on the monomers, of at least one surface-active agent in aqueous medium in the presence of initiators and in the presence or absence of regulators, and the use of the copolymers or of the copolymers which are obtainable therefrom by hydrolysis and/or oxidation and have vinyl alcohol units as additive to detergents and cleaners.

Abstract: A process for producing polymer particles comprising polymerizing a water-soluble polymerizable monomer in a system comprising a hydrophobic organic solvent inert to the polymerization and an aqueous solution of the water-soluble polymerizable monomer, the process being characterized in that the polymerization is carried out in the presence of, as a dispersant, an anionic surface active agent represented by formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 represents a straight-chain or branched alkyl, alkenyl or 2-hydroxyalkyl group having 5 to 29 carbon atoms; M.sup.1 and M.sup.2, which may be the same or different, each represent an alkali metal ion, an ammonium ion or a hydrogen atom; and n represents 1 or 2.

Abstract: Novel unsaturated peroxides useful as molecular weight regulators in polymerization reactions are disclosed. Also disclosed are a polymerization process employing these novel unsaturated peroxides as molecular weight regulators, polymers and oligomers made by this process and articles of manufacture comprising one or more polymers or oligomers made by this process. These molecular weight regulating peroxides provide the ability to introduce an epoxy functionality to the oligomer or polymer as well as an additional functionality. Further, omega (di) substituted or alpha, omega disubstituted polymers may be synthesized using the unsaturated peroxides of the present invention.

Abstract: Processes for the preparation of a functional polymer of low molar mass, which includes initially charging a first quantity M1 of a mixture including at least one component selected from olefinically unsaturated monomers B and compounds A which are not themselves copolymerizable but which are able to react with at least one of the monomers B to form a copolymerizable addition compound, metering in prior to or during polymerization a second quantity M2 of a mixture whose composition can be identical to or different from that of the first mixture M1 and which includes at least one component selected from olefinically unsaturated monomers B and compounds A, initiating polymerization by use of a polymerization initiator and optionally a chain transfer agent, conducting polymerization in the presence of an oligomer or polymer C, wherein the oligomer or polymer C is either formed in situ from one or more of A and B or is dissolved in at least one of the quantities M1 and M2, wherein at least one of M1 and M2 includ

Abstract: There is provided a photoresist including (a) a resin composed of a polymer having a compound represented with the following general formula ?1! within a structural unit thereof, and (b) a photo acid generator. ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 represents a hydrogen atom, R.sup.2 represents a divalent hydrocarbon group including a bridged cyclic hydrocarbon group and having a carbon number in the range of 7 to 13 both inclusive, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 represent a hydrocarbon group having a carbon number of 1 or 2, and R.sup.5 represents one of (a) a hydrocarbon group having a carbon number of 1 to 12, (b) a hydrocarbon group having a carbon number of 1 to 12 and replaced with an alkoxy group having a carbon number of 1 to 12, and (c) a hydrocarbon group having a carbon number of 1 to 12 and replaced with an acyl group having a carbon number of 1 to 13. The above mentioned photoresist produces no extra polymer by side reaction.

Abstract: A polymer composition comprising ?A! a polymer selected from a copolymer of .alpha.-olefin having at least 2 carbon atoms and a specific cyclic olefin, a ring-opening polymer of said specific cyclic olefin and a hydroganted, ring-opening polymer thereof and ?B! a core-shell elastomer containing 40 to 85 parts of weight of a core component which comprises a styrene-butadiene copolymer and 15 to 60 parts by weight of a shell component which comprises a copolymer of an acrylate or methacrylate having a specific cyclic structure, a monovinyl aromatic monomer, other monovinyl monomer and a plyfunctional monomer. This polymer composition is excellent in transparency and impact resistance.

Abstract: An antireflection film, containing ultrafine particles, formed of a resin composition having excellent dispersibility of ultrafine particles in a binder resin and capable of preventing whitening, a polarizing plate, and a liquid crystal display device are provided.At least one resin layer is provided on a transparent substrate film directly or through other layer(s), and at least one of the resin layer has a controlled refractive index and is formed of a resin composition containing ultrafine particles. The outermost layer has a lower refractive index than an underlying layer in direct contact therewith. The resin composition contains a carboxyl-containing (meth)acrylate as part or the whole of a binder resin component. A polyfunctional acrylate having in its molecule three or more acryloyl groups may be added to the binder resin component in order to further enhance the properties of the hard coating.