Abstract: Unsaturated nitriles are prepared from lactones and NH.sub.3 by a process in which the reaction of the lactone with NH.sub.3 is carried out in the presence of a zeolite as a catalyst.A particularly suitable starting material is caprolactone and particularly suitable catalysts are zeolites of the pentasil type, for example aluminosilicate zeolites.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the preparation of a compound of formula (I): ##STR1## wherein Ar is aryl or substituted aryl and R.sup.3 is hydrogen, alkyl or aralkyl, which process comprises reducing a compound of formula (II): ##STR2## wherein Ar and R.sup.3 are as defined with respect to formula (I) and R.sup.4 is alkyl. Compounds of formula (I) are useful as chemical intermediates.

Abstract: N,N'-dicyanocyclopropanecarbamidines useful as triazine intermediates, of the formula II ##STR1## in which M is hydrogen or an equivalent of an alkali or earthalkali ion and processes for their production.

Abstract: Disclosed is the reaction of propane and isobutane with O.sub.2 and NH.sub.3 to make .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated nitriles and olefins, using certain complex metal oxide catalyst compositions and an excess of the paraffin over both the O.sub.2 and the NH.sub.3. Also disclosed are suitable catalyst compositions for such reactions.

Abstract: The invention relates primarily to quaternized polycyclic compounds having the formula ##STR1## wherein m is an integer having a value of from 1 to 4; R is alkylene having from 3 to 8 carbon atoms and is optionally substituted with C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl; R.sub.2 together with the quaternary nitrogen, forms a 5 to 14 membered heterocyclic ring, said ring containing from 1 to 2 hetero atoms selected from the group of nitrogen, sulfur and oxygen; R.sub.1 forms a double bond in the heterocyclic ring of the quaternized nitrogen or is alkyl, alkyleneoxyalkyl, alkylhydroxy, aryl, aralkyl, aralkenyl, alkaryl, alkylamidoalkyl and X.sup.- is a chloride, bromide or iodide anion. The invention also relates to the preparation and use of said quaternized polycyclic compounds.

Abstract: Novel piperidine compounds having the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.3 is 3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl, aryl or heteroaryl which are optionally substituted with one or more C.sub.1-6 -alkyl, C.sub.1-6 -alkoxy, C.sub.3-8 -cycloalkyl, C.sub.3-5 -alkylene or aralkoxy,R.sup.1 is straight or branched C.sub.1-8 -alkyl, C.sub.4-8 -alkoxy-C.sub.4-8 -alkyl, C.sub.4-7 -cycloalkyl, aryloxy-C.sub.3-8 -alkyl, C.sub.4-8 -alkenyl, or C.sub.4-8 -cycloalkylalkyl, or R.sup.1 may also be hydrogen or C.sub.1-3 -alkyl, when R.sup.3 is aryl, which is substituted with two or more of C.sub.1-6 -alkyl, C.sub.1-6 -alkoxy, C.sub.3-8 -cycloalkyl, aralkoxy, or with C.sub.3-5 -alkylene.X is hydrogen or halogen, and whereinY is O or S or a salt thereof with a pharmaceutically-acceptable acid, pharmaceutical compositions thereof, method-of-treating therewith.The novel compounds are useful in the treatment of anoxia, migraine, ischemia and epilepsy.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula: ##STR1## and stereoisomers thereof wherein X and Y, which are the same or different, are hydrogen, halogen, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkylalkyl, optionally substituted alkenyl, optionally substituted alkynyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted alkoxy, optionally substituted aryloxy, optionally substituted heteroaryloxy, optionally substituted arylalkoxy, optionally substituted heteroarylalkoxy, optionally substituted acyloxy, optionally substituted amino, acylamino, nitro, cyano, --CO.sub.2 R.sup.3, --CONR.sup.4 R.sup.5, or --COR.sup.6, except that X and Y are not both hydrogen; R.sup.1 and R.sup.2, which are the same or different, are alkyl or fluoroalkyl; and R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5 and R.sup.6, which are the same or different, are hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted aralkyl, or cycloalkylalkyl.

Abstract: Process for producing adiponitrile by the zerovalent nickel catalyzed hydrocyanation of pentenenitriles is improved by using a synergistic combination of promoters selected in accordance with the reaction kinetics of the synthesis.

Abstract: Substituted fused tetrahydrocarbazole acetic acid derivatives and methods for their preparation and use are disclosed. The compouns are useful analgesic and anti-inflammatory agents.

Abstract: A hydroxy-carboxylate ester is converted to an amino-acid-amide by replacement of the --OH group with --N.sub.3, via, e.g., CH.sub.3 SO.sub.2 Cl and NaN.sub.3 ; reacting with amine to convert the ester to amide; and hydrogenating --N.sub.3 to --NH.sub.2. The present process alleviates the conventional use of blocking-deblocking procedures.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for making a 2-pyrrolidone and a succinimide by the vapor phase catalytic reaction of a maleimide with molecular hydrogen.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a process for producing 3,3-bis-(4-dimethylaminophenyl)-6-dimethylaminophthalide, which process comprises oxidizing 2-[4,4'-bis-(dimethylamino)-benzhydryl]-5-dimethylaminobenzoic acid in an aqueous solution of a mineral acid of pH of from 2.0 to 4.0 with air, oxygen or a gas containing oxygen in the presence of at least one catalyst selected from the group consisting of compounds of iron, copper, cobalt, nickel, chromium, vanadium and manganese.

Abstract: Acrylonitrile dimerization is improved by increasing the proportions of catalyst used in the reaction mixture.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a 2-cyano-2-oximino-acetamide derivative of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sup.I is alkyl or other organic radical,R.sup.II is hydrogen or alkyl,R.sup.III is hydrogen, alkyl or other organic radical which comprises reacting a 2-cyano-2-oximino-acetamide of the formula ##STR2## with a base B at a temperature between 0.degree. C. and 100.degree. C., to produce a salt of the formula ##STR3## in which B represents one equivalent of an organic of inorganic base,and reacting such salt with an alkylating agent of the formula ##STR4## in which X is halogen, methane- or p-toluenesulphonate or methyl sulphate, at a temperature between 0.degree. C. and 150.degree. C.

Abstract: 1,2-Disubstituted piperidines of the general formula I ##STR1## in which X denotes oxygen or sulfur; R denotes alkyl, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 denote hydrogen, alkyl or benzyl, R.sup.3 denotes hydrogen, (substituted) alkyl, (substituted) benzyl or a radical of the formulae ##STR2## Y and X denote S or O; Z denotes S, O or NR.sup.1 ; R.sup.4 denotes hydrogen, (substituted) alkyl, (substituted) phenyl, (substituted) naphthyl or (substituted) pyridyl, A denotes (substituted) phenyl or (substituted) naphthyl and m denotes 0, 1 or 2, possess advantageous herbicidal properties.

Abstract: Hydropyridine derivatives of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 represents carboxy, lower alkoxycarbonyl, carbamoyl, N-lower alkylcarbamoyl or N,N-di-lower alkylcarbamoyl, R.sub.2 represents hydrogen, an optionally etherified or acylated hydroxy group or an optionally acylated amino group, and R.sub.3 represents a radical of the formula R-- (Ia), R--alk.sub.1 -- (Ib) or R'.dbd.alk.sub.2 -- (Ic) in which R represents a benzocycloalkenyl radical having a total of from 8 to 12 ring carbon atoms which is bonded via a saturated carbon atom and which is unsubstituted or is mono- or poly-substituted in the benzo moiety by hydroxy, lower alkoxy, lower alkanoyloxy, halogen, lower alkyl and/or by trifluoromethyl, and/or subsituted in the .alpha.

Abstract: A method of treatment is disclosed for herpes infections of external tissues and method of preventing the occurrence of blisters and ulcerations in herpes disease in humans. The method consists of directly injecting small treatment amounts of suitable antiviral agents, e.g., acyclovir, ribavirin, or vidarabine (ara-A), within the specific time period of first 36 hours after the appearance of detectable manifestations of external-tissue infection or any of the prodromal symptoms of burning pain, itching, tingling, swelling and erythema or combinations thereof. The treatment amounts of antiviral drugs per day used in this invention are very small compared to the dosage amounts used by prior art calculated based on kilograms of body weight per day. The antiviral drugs so injected will kill the virus quickly in the skin or mucus membrane, or inhibit its replication or otherwise render the virus inactive before the virus will have time to multiply and form the blisters and ulcerations.

Abstract: New substituted N-methyl derivatives of mitindomide and methods of preparing the same are disclosed. The novel compounds are water soluble and have anti-neoplastic activity.

Abstract: Novel pyrrole derivatives of the formula ##STR1## wherein one of R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 is ##STR2## and the other of R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 as well as R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 are individually selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, alkyl of 1 to 18 carbon atoms, aryl of 6 to 14 carbon atoms, aralkyl of 7 to 18 carbon atoms, --CN, --CF.sub.3, --NO.sub.2, --COOAlk and Alk is alkyl of 1 to 8 carbon atoms, alkoxy of 1 to 8 carbon atoms, ##STR3## n is 0, 1 or 2, R', R.sub.1 ' and R.sub.2 ' are alkyl of 1 to 8 carbon atoms and R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 taken together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached may form an optionally further unsaturated carbon homocycle of up to 8 carbon atoms, Z is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, --CN, --C.tbd.CH, --CF.sub.3 and alkyl of 1 to 3 carbon atoms, A is the residue of a pyrethrinoid acid, R.sub.

Abstract: A compound which is: ##STR1## wherein R may be 1 to 5 H, Cl, Br, F, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 straight chain or branched alkyl, OH, or CF.sub.3.