Abstract: A catalyst spray nozzle for injecting a finely atomized spray of liquid catalyst into a high pressure chemical reactor such as an autoclave reaction vessel for polymerizing ethylene into polyethylene. The liquid catalyst is fed under pressure to the discharge end of a passageway in the spray nozzle. A cylindrical valve member is positioned in a cylindrical compartment disposed adjacent to and coaxially with the discharge end of the passageway, and is biased against the discharge end by a spring coaxially positioned in the compartment. The spring biased valve element prevents liquid catalyst from passing through the nozzle until a given backpressure on the catalyst is established. When the given backpressure is reached, the pressure biases the valve member away from the passageway and the catalyst is forced through at least one discharge orifice under sufficient pressure to cause it to be sprayed in a finely atomized state into the reactor.

Abstract: An elongated tube is maintained at a temperature of about 1100.degree. F. throughout its length. Organic waste material such as shredded rubber automobile tires or industrial plastic waste or residential trash which preferably has metal and inorganic matter removed therefrom, is moved through the tube at a uniform rate of speed in the absence of air and/or oxygen, with the material being churned or tumbled as by means of a screw conveyor. The vapors and gases which are produced and/or liberated within the tube are quickly removed therefrom by means of a vacuum of from about four inches to about six inches of mercury, with the vapors being condensed and the gases separated therefrom. The char or residue which is a black, powdery, carbon-type material is also recovered.

Abstract: The invention relates to growing single crystals from melt. The disclosed apparatus includes a sealed chamber accommodating a crucible with the melt, the crucible being operatively connected with a drive effecting its rotation, a heater with thermal insulation means enclosing the crucible and a rod arranged coaxially with the crucible and carrying a seed holder, the rod being operatively connected with its own drive effecting its rotation and vertical displacement. In accordance with the invention, the operative connection between the crucible and its drive includes a support ring accommodated in the chamber and supporting thereon the crucible for their joint rotation during the crystal-pulling operation.

Abstract: Binder is added to any finely divided coal which can be made to coalesce on heating, the particles are formed into any shape desired for its end usage, and pyrolyzed under conditions carefully controlled to limit the rate of temperature rise of the shaped forms.

Abstract: The eluent from a liquid chromatography column is irradiated, while flowing between the column and a conventional detector adapted to detect a given property, in order to convert a known or suspected constituent photochemically to a species which possesses the property or to one in which the property is changed in magnitude (enhanced or reduced) to a substantial degree. The irradiation may be by UV or visible light, and the property may eg be fluorescence with, or absorbance of, UV or visible light. The method can increase the sensitivity and/or selectivity of detection, eg in the presence of interfering substances which do not react to irradiation in the same way as the constituent of interest.Apparatus for performing the method may comprise a long translucent small-bore tube shaped to a configuration which surrounds a light-source and which is connected between the column and the detector.

Abstract: A plug for protecting coke-oven chamber doors from the action of the internal temperature in the oven, which has a plane outside facing away from the door body, and which is built up from a plurality of refractory bricks and can be mounted on the inside of the door body. The bricks have recesses which each penetrate the plug and bricks for receiving bolts which can be screwed into bores in the plug side of the door.

Abstract: A single-pass, continuous process converts organic feedstocks into activated carbonaceous products having high surface area values. The introduction of air and steam into the bed of material at selected locations, and at controlled rates, enables the economic, dependable and convenient production of such products, while maximizing the efficiency of energy utilization.

Abstract: A noble gas after heating in a nuclear reactor is passed through a tube-type reactor to carry out endothermic chemical reactions with a gas. The tube-type reactor includes reactor tube assemblies in a bundle formation supported by a mounting plate. A cover tube surrounds the upper portion of each reactor tube assembly. The cover tubes extend from the bottom surface of the mounting plate to a point slightly above the noble gas discharge opening in the pressure jacket of the reactor. The lower end portions of each cover tube include a reinforced member to seal the interspaces between the cover tubes and to seal the space between the cover tubes and the wall of the pressure jacket. Above the mounting plate are sealing containers including end members having edge flanges that are welded together to form a seal between the top side of the mounting plate and the reactor tube assemblies.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an adjustable device for distributing liquid samples, comprising a casing incorporating a mechanism for adjusting the volume and a volume indicator unit; a tip member which comprises a lateral supply tube, provided with means allowing the tight adaptation of a reservoir; a measuring chamber arranged in said tip member so as to receive, with a slight clearance, a calibrated piston elastically urged upwardly and the upper end of which cooperates with a stop for limiting the upward stroke, adjustable in position by means of the adjusting mechanism; a control shaft, of which the lower end cooperates with the upper end of the calibrated piston and means ensuring the tightness of the measuring chamber. The invention finds particular application to the continuous distribution of liquid.

Abstract: Aluminum is recovered from solid rocket propellant containing a small amount of oxidizer by depolymerizing and dissolving propellant binder containing functional or hydrolyzable groups in a solution of sodium methoxide in an alcohol solvent optionally containing an aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon co-solvent and then filtering the solution to recover substantially all the aluminum in active form.

Abstract: In testing for cleanliness a cuvette having translucent wall portions, the cuvette is preferably partially filled with pure water and then a beam of optical radiation is directed at a said wall portion, the intensity of radiation which has passed through the cuvette by direct transmission or by scattering is detected, and the state of cleanliness of the cuvette is determined from a comparison between the detected optical intensity and a criterion indicative of cuvette cleanliness.The invention finds particular application to testing cuvettes for cleanliness which have been washed in a laundry of an automatic blood analysing machine.

Abstract: Silo apparatus for fermenting organic material into compost in which the organic material is gravity fed into a vertical compartment and taken out through an extractor compartment. Gas is fed upwardly through the material and a separator means is provided having variable size openings to control the passage of the material from the upper compartment to the extractor compartment.

Abstract: A sample stream of liquid representative of the environment such as sea water or lake water or drilling mud is subjected to the passage therethrough of an inert carrier gas to entrain chemical components and particulate matter which is then removed from the sample stream for analysis of the chemical components and particulate matter.

Abstract: A vapor-solids contacting apparatus useful as a catalytic reactor in the processing of hydrocarbonaceous reactants. A plurality of preferably rectangular cross-section elongated catalyst compartments are formed by box-like structures having two opposing parallel perforate planar sides and sealed ends. The perforate sides of adjacent catalyst compartments form two of the sides of reactant flow chambers having the same length. Alternating ends of the reactant flow chambers are sealed to direct the reactants flowing from one end of the vessel to the other through the catalyst compartments.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for making single crystals of a high melting point substance by a crucibleless skull process are provided wherein the apparatus operates with less power consumption than comparable prior art systems. The apparatus utilizes a self-sealing and self-venting charge comprising a mass of the substance with a preformed vent therein, the mass being held and retained by a side wall made of a felt of the substance. The charge is retained by an encircling plurality of rods comprising a nonsusceptible material. The charge is heated by RF induction from the center of the charge to form a melt which extends outward. The melt is extended longitudinally by translating the charge in the RF field.

Abstract: A simple low cost smoke filter. It is adapted for use in an internal combustion engine exhaust system. It has a tapered body with a mass of alumina coated wire supported therein. The filter medium is under some longitudinal force created by a pervious support that has an unstressed curved configuration which is flattened against the medium. This is done in order to cause radial compression because of the taper, as well as longitudinal compression thereof.

Abstract: A laboratory tool for repairing connections for tubular elements and tubing by stripping the ferrule from the end of the laboratory tubing without damaging the tubing. The tool is designed to accommodate a plurality of tubing sizes, and includes a pliers-like instrument having posts projecting from one jaw, each post corresponding in diameter to the mean diameter of the tubing. The other jaw of the tool is slotted to accommodate the outside diameter of the tubing. The posts are arranged in series on one jaw with the largest diameter post being outermost and the slot in the opposite jaw has its greatest width adapted to register with the largest post. Each successively smaller post is positioned closer to the pivot of the jaws but with sufficient clearance from the previous post to permit a ferrule to slide over the post.

Abstract: The processing of liquid chlorinated hydrocarbon residues, which may contain solids and which form viscous to solid deposits during the separation of readily boiling components, into(1) distillable organic components,(2) hydrogen chloride, and(3) solid matter with a low chlorine content,is improved by gently concentrating the residues in a first step and, in a second step, decomposing the residues at temperatures of about 200.degree.-400.degree. C., preferably 270.degree.-330.degree. C., with a continuous separation of the vapor phase components from the solid components.

Abstract: A fluidized catalytic cracking unit wherein cyclone diplegs extend from the reactor vessel into the stripping vessel, for reducing the overall height of the unit. Valve means are provided at the lower end of the diplegs to prevent blow by of gas through the diplegs. The diplegs pass through the vent lines.

Abstract: Sample water is introduced into a water bath in which aquatics live, and a gas sparingly soluble in water and giving no effect upon biological activities of aquatics is supplied to the water bath. The supplied gas and carbon dioxide gas generated by the biological activities of aquatics are collected, and a change in water quality of the sample water is detected from a concentration of carbon dioxide thus collected.Change in water quality of sample water can be rapidly detected thereby, which can be applied to detection of whether toxic materials are contained, for example, in river water flowing into a water purification plant, or not.