Abstract: The embodiments herein relate to a user equipment (121) and a method performed by the UE (121) for performing preamble transmissions, on a random access channel, to a network node (110). The method comprising: determining (801) a starting subframe for the preamble transmissions based on at least a system frame number (SFN), a number of times (R) the preamble transmissions is to be repeated and a random access channel configuration, and transmitting (802), to the network node (121) the preamble repeatedly starting in the determined starting subframe. The embodiments herein also relate to a network node (110) and a method performed by the network node (110).

Abstract: Datalink frames or networking packets contain protocol information in the header and optionally in the trailer of a frame or a packet. We are proposing a method in which part of or all of the protocol information corresponding to a frame or a packet is transmitted separately in another datalink frame. The “Separately Transmitted Protocol Information” is referred to as STPI. The STPI contains enough protocol information to identify the next hop node or port. STPI can be used avoid network congestion and improve link efficiency. Preferably, there will be one datalink frame or network packet corresponding to each STPI, containing the data and the rest of the protocol information and this frame/packet is referred to as DFoNP. The creation of STPI and DFoNP is done by the originator of the frame or packet such as an operating system.

Abstract: A wireless communication device including: a transmitter unit configured to transmit an RTS (Request To Send) packet to a plurality of wireless communication devices; a receiver unit configured to receive a CTS (Clear To Send) packet responding to the RTS packet; and a data processing unit configured to transmit data packets from the transmitter unit to the plurality of wireless communication devices when the CTS packet is received by the receiver unit from at least some of the plurality of wireless communication devices.

Abstract: Example apparatus to process an electronic communication includes a trusted communication identifier including a contact identifier to compare sender information from the electronic communication to contact information from a contact datastore, determine that a communication has not previously been sent from a recipient of the electronic communication to the sender of the electronic communication when the sender information from the electronic communication is not found in the contact datastore, and in response to determining that the communication has not been previously sent, provide an alert message that the sender information from the electronic communication is unknown. The trusted communication identifier further including a user action determiner to store the sender information from the electronic communication in the contact datastore when a response to the electronic communication has been sent.

Abstract: Provided are a signal transmission method and system, and a control information transmission method and apparatus, the signal transmission method includes: a first communication node acquires M sending beams; the first communication node determines N sending beams for sending a first signal from the M sending beams; and the first communication node sends the first signal to a second communication node by using the N sending beams; where M is a natural number, and N is a natural number less than or equal to M.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to implementations to support non-UE-specific (i.e. common) and UE-specific search spaces (SS) for M-PDCCH. One implementation relates to a UE comprising RF circuitry to receive, from an eNB, configuration information of one or a plurality of common Search Spaces (CSSs) for M-PDCCH; and baseband circuitry to monitor the one or more configured CSS for M-PDCCH transmissions; wherein the RF circuitry and/or baseband circuitry is adapted to support a reduced bandwidth (BW). Another implementation relates to an eNB comprising RF circuitry to transmit configuration information of a plurality of CSSs for M-PDCCH to one or more UEs supporting a reduced BW, wherein the plurality of CSSs for M-PDCCH are differentiated by “based on functionality”-differentiation that includes the type of use case and/or an EC level of the UE.

Abstract: A system for managing traffic between servers, the system may include first tier switches that are coupled to the servers; second tier switches that are coupled to the first tier switches and to third tier switches; and controllers. Wherein each first tier switch comprises first queues. Wherein each second tier switch comprises second queues. The controllers are configured to control a traffic between the first tier switches and the second tier switches attributed to the traffic between the servers, (a) on, at least, a queue granularity; (b) while controlling some first queues to provide buffer extension to some second queues, and (c) while controlling some second queues to provide buffer extension to some first queues.

Abstract: A switch is provided for routing packets in an interconnection network. The switch includes egress ports to transmit packets, and ingress ports to receive packets. The switch also includes a buffer capacity circuit configured to obtain local buffer capacity for buffers configured to buffer packets transmitted via the switch. The switch also includes a telemetry circuit configured to receive telemetry flow control units from next switches coupled to the switch. Each telemetry flow control unit corresponds to buffer capacity at a respective next switch. The switch also includes a network capacity circuit configured to compute network capacity for transmitting packets to a destination based on the telemetry flow control units and the local buffer capacity. The switch also includes a routing circuit configured to receive packets via the ingress ports, and route the packets to the destination, via the egress ports, with bandwidth proportional to the network capacity.

Abstract: A method for information transmission, a terminal device and a chip are provided. The method includes: a terminal device sends a first message to a network device, here, the first message includes a parameter for blind detection of a downlink control channel in a target resource region by the terminal device, and the parameter is configured to determine a maximum number of blind detections of the downlink control channel in the target resource region by the terminal device in a specified time.

Abstract: A method of reducing the bandwidth usage of a network comprises intercepting traffic between a TCP server and a TCP client using TCP protocols that use client acknowledgements; identifying client acknowledgements from the TCP protocols; identifying the sequence number of a last received client acknowledgements from the intercepted traffic; identifying the sequence number of a last sent client acknowledgement from the intercepted traffic; calculating an unacknowledged byte value based on the difference between the last received client acknowledgement sequence number and the last sent client acknowledgement sequence number; comparing the calculated unacknowledged byte value with a predetermined threshold value, to determine whether the calculated unacknowledged byte value is at least as great as the predetermined threshold value; and transmitting the identified client acknowledgements into the network when the compared unacknowledged byte value is at least as great as the predetermined threshold value.

Abstract: A method of processing received Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) data packets in a PDCP layer module of a telecommunications base station, includes receiving by the PDCP layer module a plurality of data packets, determining by an analysis module of the PDCP layer module a proportion of the data packets received out of sequence over a predetermined number of received data packets, setting an expiry time of a reordering timer of a buffering and reordering module of the PDCP layer module according to the proportion, and starting the reordering timer upon receiving an out of sequence data packet in which the out of sequence data packet is added to a reordering buffer of the buffering and reordering module. If the reordering timer reaches the expiry time, data packets are removed from the reordering buffer and transferred from the PDCP layer module to another layer module of the base station.

Abstract: A method for batch handover authentication and key agreement oriented to a heterogeneous network generally includes the following steps: A, system establishment and participant registration: users participating in authentication register on the LTE-A network to obtain their respective identity information; B, access authentication: when a large number of users request access to the WLAN, the target network WLAN is discovered by using the ANDSF, and the leader sends a complete group authentication message to the AAA server of the WLAN to request identity authentication; if the authentication succeeds, the AAA server of the WLAN returns an identity authentication response; C, if the authentication fails, the continued execution of the protocol is terminated. The method effectively realizes batch authentication of users during handover from the LTE-A network to the WLAN, and thus has high authentication efficiency, small signaling overheads, and high security.

Abstract: User traffic is processed in a virtualised network. First and second VNFs are initialised in the same network namespace as each other in user space in a host and have access to a shared memory region of the host. The first VNF processes user traffic and the second VNF provides a user plane service in relation to user traffic processed by the first VNF. The first VNF is used to establish a point-to-point, shared-memory interface between the first and second VNFs and is used to classify incoming user traffic. In response to the first VNF determining based on the classifying, that the incoming user traffic is to be subject to the user plane service, the first VNF is used to store the incoming user traffic in the shared memory region of the host to enable the second VNF to provide the user plane service in relation to the incoming trier traffic.

Abstract: Embodiments of an access point (AP) configured for extremely high throughput (EHT) operation may be configured to operate as a triggering AP for a trigger-based (TB) peer-to-peer (P2P) communication between a triggered direct (TD) station (STA) and a TD peer STA. The AP may encode a Direct Link Announcement (DiL-A) frame to schedule the TD STA for a direct link transmission to the TD peer STA. The DiL-A frame may be encoded to include a Duration/ID field. The AP may set the Duration/ID field of the DiL-A frame to a remaining duration of a transmission opportunity (TXOP) when the TD peer STA is an EHT STA that supports TB P2P operation (e.g., to allow the TD peer STA to ignore the NAV set by the DiL-A frame). The AP may set the Duration/ID field of the DiL-A frame to a response time for the TD STA to respond to the DiL-A frame when the TD Peer STA is a legacy STA (e.g., to allow the TD peer STA to set its NAV based on the response time).

Abstract: Techniques for load balancing encrypted traffic based on security parameter index (SPI) values of packet headers and sets of 5-tuple values of the packet headers are described herein. Additionally, techniques for including quality of service (QoS)-type information in SPI value fields of packet headers are also described herein. The QoS-type information may indicate a particular traffic class according to which the packet is to be handled. Further, techniques for pre-configuring a backend host such that encrypted traffic may be migrated to the backend host from another backend host without causing temporary service disruptions are also described herein.

Abstract: Technology related to processing network packets in a subscriber-aware manner is disclosed. In one example, a method includes selecting one or more subscribers to move from a first network processing node to a second network processing node. In response to the selection, subscriber data associated with the one or more subscribers can be programmed at the second network processing node. After the subscriber data associated with the one or more subscribers is programmed on the second network processing node, a software defined network (SDN) switch can be reprogrammed to forward network traffic having network addresses associated with the one or more subscribers to the second network processing node instead of the first network processing node.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. Autonomous transmissions between a user equipment (UE) and a base station may be configured that include at least one of a modulation and coding scheme (MCS) or resources for the transmissions. In some cases, a trigger may be detected that changes the MCS or resources to be used for the autonomous transmissions. The trigger may include the presence or absence of retransmissions or the value of a channel measurement falling below or exceeding a threshold value. Accordingly, the base station and UE may adjust the MCS or resources to be used for the autonomous transmissions based on detecting the trigger and then communicate using the adjusted MCS or resources. In some cases, the configuration for the autonomous transmissions may be signaled via a medium access control (MAC) control element (CE).

Abstract: The data recovery from sub-carriers gradients (DRSG) of a received OFDM signal affected by deterministic and random distortions introduced by a transmission link, contributes a method and a circuit for utilizing gradients characterizing shapes of OFDM sub-carriers comprised in such OFDM signal for recovering data symbols transmitted originally.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a device obtains performance data regarding failures of a tunnel in a network. The device generates a failure profile for the tunnel by applying machine learning to the performance data regarding the failures of the tunnel. The device determines, based on the failure profile for the tunnel, whether the tunnel exhibits failure flapping behavior. The device adjusts one or more Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD) probing timers used to detect failures of the tunnel, based on the determination as to whether the tunnel exhibits failure flapping behavior.

Abstract: A terminal device includes an estimation unit and a distribution unit. The estimation unit estimates the radio transmission capacity of a second radio transmission path on the basis of a reception level of a radio signal from each of a first radio transmission path and the second radio transmission path. The second transmission path includes at least one radio repeater and is divided into two with the radio repeater disposed in between so that one side thereof towards the communication apparatus serves as a first radio section and the other side thereof opposite to the one side serves as a second radio section. The distribution unit distributes the data input thereto to the first radio transmission path and to the second radio transmission path on the basis of the radio transmission capacity of the first radio transmission path and the estimated radio transmission capacity of the second radio transmission path.