Abstract: This invention discloses a high pressure sodium vapor lamp having unsaturated vapor pressure type characteristics with sodium and mercury contained in an arc tube. The sodium is enclosed in an amount sufficient to exhibit unsaturated vapor pressure type characteristics while the mercury is enclosed in an amount M.sub.Hg calculated by the following formula: ##EQU1## where M.sub.Hg : the amount of mercury enclosed (mg)D: the internal diameter of the arc tube (cm)L: the electrode-to-electrode distance (cm)V.sub.olume : the volume of the arc tube (cc)V.sub.n : the rated lamp voltage (Volt).

Abstract: A color television display tube comprising an electron gun system (5) of the "in-line" type and an electromagnetic deflection unit. The end of the electron gun system is provided with field shapers comprising, for example, annular elements (34,34') of a material having a high magnetic permeability which are positioned around the two outer beams and are adapted to compensate coma. These elements are located in a more advanced position towards the screen than is usual, in positions where the outer beams have undergone a pre-deflection of at least 0.5 mm so as to reduce the "green droop" (anisotropic Y-coma) and to reduce the need for a negative 6-polefield.

Abstract: A generally box-shaped electron lens system for use in an oscilloscopic or storage cathode-ray tube for the amplification of both vertical and horizontal deflections of the electron beam from the gun to the target of the CRT. The lens system comprises two electrodes at least partly displaced from each other along the CRT tube axis, with a gap therebetween for electrically insulating one from the other. A pair of tongues extend either from the gun-side electrode into the target-side electrode, or from the target-side electrode into the gun-side electrode, or two such pairs of tongues extend from both electrodes into interdigitating relation to each other. Upon application of prescribed potentials to the two electrodes, a quadrupolar lens field is created in the space between the pair or pairs of tongues for deflection amplification in both directions. On having been deflected vertically, the beam has its deflection amplified by having its traveling direction inverted with respect to the tube axis.

Abstract: An electrostatic decelerating and scan expansion lens system (10) includes a mesh element (56) and operates in a cathode-ray tube (12) that incorporates a microchannel plate (24). The lens system is positioned downstream of the deflection structure (42 and 44) and provides linear magnification of the electron beam deflection angle. The mesh element is formed in the shape of a convex surface as viewed in the direction of travel of the electron beam (40) to provide a field with equipotential surfaces (100) of decreasing potential in the direction of electron beam travel. Secondary emission electrons generated by the mesh element as it intercepts the electron beam, are therefore, directed back toward the lens system and not toward the microchannel plate. Only the beam electrons strike the microchannel plate, which provides on the phosphorescent display (20) an image of high brightness, free from spurious light patterns.

Abstract: A photocathode having a low dark current comprises a first layer consisting of P.sup.+ type semiconductor material which is transparent to all wavelengths of the light to be detected, a second layer consisting of P.sup.

Abstract: A color display tube in which the bridges between the apertures of the color selection electrode are situated substantially on substantially straight lines in the plane of the color selection electrode, which lines enclose an angle between 3.degree. and 8.degree. with the horizontal direction of deflection, effectively suppressing the occurrence of moire-patterns.

Abstract: Positive ions generated in a vacuum tube (1) which may detrimentally influence the electron emission of a cathode (3) are trapped by a plate (35). The plate is present in an aperture (36) in a grid (37) to which it is connected via bars (40). The aperture (36) is sufficiently large to pass the generated beam (6), while the bars (40) hardly influence the beam intensity.

Abstract: In one example of construction, a high-performance photocathode has the following structure:a transparent layer formed of P.sup.+ type semiconductor material having a forbidden band of sufficient width to ensure that this layer is transparent to the photons of the light to be detected;an absorption layer constituted by ten first sublayers formed of P.sup.

Abstract: Disclosed are optically transmissive conductors, particularly resistive electrodes for optical devices such as electroluminescent lamps and displays, comprising a thin layer of indium tin oxide (ITO) stabilized by a layer of a metal oxide, such as palladium oxide or nickel oxide. In the disclosed method, a thin layer of conductive ITO is coated with a metal layer and then oxidized by heating in air to 500.degree. C.

Abstract: A flat color selection electrode is tensioned on a supporting frame. In order to compensate for differences in thermal expansion between the supporting frame and the color selection electrode and mislanding, spring constructions connect the supporting frame and the color selection electrode and permit only a maximum tension at the color selection electrode which is smaller than the elastic proof stress of the color selection electrode. Such a color selection electrode may be used in a color display tube having an at least substantially flat display screen.

Abstract: A three way lamp having two gas discharge light tubes mounted on the same housing in a light-transmitting bulb.

Abstract: A tungsten halogen lamp is provided that incorporates therein means for reducing the lower operating temperature limit of the halogen cycle operating within the lamp's envelope. In addition, there is provided a halogen lamp fill gas mixture, which is comprised of an inert gas, a halogen or halide and a phorphorus-based compound and a carbon-containing compound that will reduce the lower operating temperature limit and greatly increase the efficiency of the halogen cycle, thereby allowing operation of a tungsten halogen lamp at temperatures about or below 400.degree.-500.degree. K. The compounds in the fill gas mixture have a phosphorus-to-carbon mass ratio of about 10:1 to about 1:1.

Abstract: A flat cathode ray display tube in which an electron beam (30) is directed firstly in a rear region (24) parallel to a faceplate (14) carrying a phosphor screen (16) and then reversed to travel in the opposite direction in a front region (22) before being deflected towards, and raster scanning over, the screen. A magnetic shield (60) is provided in the rear region to shield the beam from magnetic fields entering through the faceplate over a portion of its path length in that region to reduce raster shift effects caused by such fields. This is especially useful when the electron beam in the front and rear regions is a low-energy beam, rendering it particularly susceptible to influence by magnetic fields, such beam being supplied to an electron multiplier (44) overlying the screen.

Abstract: The invention described herein discloses a method and apparatus for controlling the Hg vapor pressure within a lamp. This is done by establishing and controlling two temperature zones within the lamp. One zone is colder than the other zone. The first zone is called the cold spot. By controlling the temperature of the cold spot, the Hg vapor pressure within the lamp is controlled. Likewise, by controlling the Hg vapor pressure of the lamp, the intensity and linewidth of the radiation emitted from the lamp is controlled.

Abstract: A large-size display unit in which dark lines between individual display elements of which the overall unit is composed are eliminated and connections to the display elements are simplified. The inventive display unit includes a plurality of display element boards arranged in a matrix, each board having a plurality of the display elements mounted thereon. Each display element board has end portions bent backwardly in the vertical and horizontal directions of the board. Signal connectors are mounted on the backwardly bent end portions.

Abstract: A color separation filter is formed through use of dyestuffs provided with monomolecular film forming properties in which molecules can be adsorbed by air-water interfaces and with patterning properties capable of forming patterns through exposure by ionizing radiations. A method of manufacturing a color separation filter comprises a step of forming monomolecular films of dyestuffs provided with monomolecular film forming properties and patterning properties, a step of piling a plurality of monomolecular films to form cumulative films and a step of patterning the cumulative films by radiating ionizing radiations to the cumulative films.

Abstract: A faceplate assembly for a color cathode ray tube includes a glass faceplate having on its inner surface a centrally disposed phosphor screen. A foil shadow mask is mounted in tension on a mask support structure located on opposed sides of the screen and secured to the inner surface. The mask support structure has a metal cap for receiving and mounting the shadow mask in tension. The mask support structure according to the invention includes at least two adhered layers of ceramic having different coefficients of thermal expansion effective to match the different coefficients of thermal expansion of the metal of said cap and the glass of said faceplate.

Abstract: A superconducting magnet system for particle acceleration of a synchrotron radiaton source having a particle orbit in a given plane includes a superconducting winding surrounding the particle orbit and having a slot formed therein in the given plane of the particle orbit for egress of synchrotron radiation, the superconducting winding having a cos .theta. shaped current distribution, where .theta. is the azimuth angle, and a mechanical support for the superconducting winding including at least one clamping element pre-tensioning the superconducting winding, and tightening elements in the vicinity of the slot pre-tensioning the superconducting winding in cooperation with the at least one clamping element.

Abstract: A compact fluorescent lamp of the twin tube or double twin type which is protected by an outer envelope mounted to the fluorescent lamp or the housing which contains the fluorescent lamp ballast. In a preferred embodiment the outer envelope is in the shape of an incandescent lamp envelope.

Abstract: A color cathode ray tube is disclosed having a front assembly with a shadow mask characterized by having circular apertures at the mask center, and apertures at least in the mask periphery increasingly elongated radially outwardly as a function of distance from the center. The elongation of the apertures is effective to reduce or eliminate the distortion of the deposits on the mask periphery produced by diffraction effects during photoscreening, and to form phosphor deposits compatible in size and shape with the electron beamlets. The screen of the tube according to the invention may have circular or near-circular phosphor deposits thereon. Tube types to which the invention can be applied include the conventional curved-screen/curved-mask tube, and the substantially flat faceplate tube that has a foil shadow mask suspended in tension a predetermined distance from the screening surface.