Abstract: The narrow sides or side walls of a plate mold are adjusted or set, during continuous casting, while increasing their mutual spacing from one another in order to increase the sectional shape or format of the continuously cast strand. The withdrawn heat of the narrow sides of the mold is measured and used as a control magnitude for setting the adjustment speed of such narrow sides of the mold.

Abstract: A foundry installation control device is disclosed for causing a rapid cut off of a molten metal flow at the time when a mold is full. Two detectors are provided, one of which collects information concerning the instantaneous rate of metal flow pouring from a ladle into a sprue cup while the other collects information on the level of the molten metal in the cup. An electronic circuit connected to the outputs of the two detectors produces a mold filling signal which undergoes a sharp fluctuation at the precise moment when filling is completed. This signal is compared with an instruction value and causes the generation of a flow cut-off signal which triggers the cessation of pouring by righting of the ladle in the case of a tilting ladle, closing of the stopper in the case of a bottom-pour ladle, or closing the discharge valve in the case of a pressure ladle.

Abstract: This invention relates to mold flux powders for the continuous casting of steel. The mold flux powders comprise a plurality of sequential melting systems forming successive melts each of which assimilates the ingredients of the next system into the melt. In this way, the desired fludity is achieved in the mold flux at a rate required by the particular continuous casting process in which the flux is being used without resorting to an excessively low melting flux. At least one of the systems comprises a finely-divided glass.

Abstract: In order to cool the jet coming from a crucible and then the wire as it starts solidifying, there is used a gaseous cooling fluid mixture having a base of gaseous hydrogen and at least one other component which is a compound of hydrogen capable of an endothermic chemical reaction in contact with the jet (wire) and of a chemical composition such that the product or products of this reaction have a high molecular content (mol %) of free hydrogen.

Abstract: A permanent mold for gravity casting of light alloy cylinder heads comprising a base, a pair of lower platens slidably mounted on the base for movement horizontally toward and away from one another cooperating to define a mold cavity when they are in position adjacent one another, and a tiltable upper platen hinged on each lower platen and movable from a position adjacent and overlying a portion of the platen to a position above the platen. A top core support is adapted to be moved into position on the mold when the lower platens are adjacent one another and the upper platens are pivoted downwardly onto the lower platens. A plurality of inserts are adjustably supported on the top core support and extend downwardly to form corresponding cylinder openings in the casting.

Abstract: A method of providing a member having a metal core with a nonferrous coating wherein the metal core affords strength and rigidity while the nonferrous outer coating, or cladding, provides a non-corrodible surface and wherein the cladding is of such uniform thickness that final forming of the member may be performed without penetrating or breaking the coating, or exposing the core. The cladding is applied by extruding the nonferrous material in a cross-axis die where it reaches a plastic state and passing the metal core through the plastic non-ferrous metal in the die with the high extrusion pressure creating heat to render the nonferrous metal in a plastic state and further extruding the nonferrous metal around the metal core as it exits from the die, whereby to obtain a wrought structure of the clad coating, without reducing the cross-sectional area of the core during the extrusion operations.

Abstract: A method of monitoring the mold geometry during the continuous casting of billets and blooms formed of steel. During the progress of the continuous casting operation there is measured the actual value of the withdrawal of heat at the continuous casting mold and this value is compared with a set or reference value. In the presence of a deviation exceeding a predetermined magnitude there is determined a damaging mold geometry.

Abstract: In casting of a cast-iron ingot mould in a sand mould, it is proposed to inject air into the moulding sand adjacent the lower end of the ingot mould, after the ingot mould surface has solidified. The injected air causes conversion of the perlite at the interior surface of the ingot mould into ferrite. This improves the resistance of this surface region to corrosion during casting of ingots in the ingot mould, thus prolonging the life of the ingot mould.

Abstract: In the continuous casting of steel, it has been possible to produce killed steel industrially, but semikilled and rimmed steel have not been successfully produced due to rimming action occurring in the oscillating mold. The present invention involves a concept of suppressing the nuclei of bubbles which will later grow into CO bubbles. In order to suppress the nuclei of bubbles and to form a non-defective solidification layer of a continuously cast strand, the present invention provides a combination of: a free oxygen concentration of from 50 to 200 ppm in the molten steel; a concave shape at the short sides of the mold; a propulsion forces of the molten steel directed along the long sides of the mold in directions opposite to one another; subjecting a solidification interface to an electromagnetic flow having a speed of from 0.1 to 1.

Abstract: Apparatus for transmission of sonic energy to the processing of work wherein the sonic energy is transmitted through a vibratory member to a fixture having spaced abutment surfaces in which the clearance between one abutment surface and the adjacent surface of the work piece, while the work piece is at rest on the other abutment surface, is equal to .+-.50% of the amplitude of the vibrations at the point of attachment of the fixture to the vibration generator.

Abstract: Both the position and shape of the solidification front in molten metal passing continuously through the horizontal solidification chamber of a mold body are precisely controlled in the invention by establishing a cooling probe insertion pattern in which some of the probes are inserted into cooling bores in the mold body to greater distances than others. Specifically, establishment of a solidification front characterized by a liquid/solid isotherm that is substantially symmetrical across the chamber is achieved by progressively increasing the cooling probe insertion distance from the bottom to the top of the mold body. Premature, asymmetrical solidification on the bottom of the chamber is effectively minimized and reduces hot tears, fissures and other surface defects in the casting.

Abstract: An apparatus receives empty bins and loose articles of random size and shape, such as apples, to be stored within the bins at a fill station. The articles are delivered to an inclined conveyor which has a lower end adjacent to a horizontal conveyor with a stop roller being positioned between the conveyors. When the articles have collected on the inclined conveyor a predetermined distance up the incline, a drive is actuated which simultaneously moves the inclined conveyor upwardly and moves the horizontal conveyor away from the inclined conveyor while rotating the stop roller to permit the articles to move from the inclined conveyor to the horizontal conveyor. This conveyor motion causes the articles to gently cascade down the incline in spread out fashion so that they are transported toward the end of the horizontal conveyor remote from the inclined conveyor and across the entire breadth thereof.

Abstract: A pair of measuring elements are installed on guide means traveling between facing rolls of a continuous casting machine, the outer end faces of said measuring elements are each formed into a circular are whose diameter is the preset value for a gap between the facing rolls. Upon entering between the facing rolls, the measuring elements are brought into contact with the rolls due to a biasing force rendered thereto, whereby the displacements of the measuring elements are measured by a transducer, thereby enabling to measure the gap between the facing rolls. In particular, since the outer end faces of the measuring elements are each formed into a circular are, the necessary gap between the facing rolls can be accurately detected.

Abstract: An electromagnetic centrifuging inductor structure for creating a rotating magnetic field for rotating molten metal about its casting axis while passing through the casting conduit of a continuous casting type ingot mold includes an annular core body of magnetic material surrounding the casting conduit and which is provided with six poles or teeth on which are respectively mounted six different arcuate coils for energization by a three-phase a.c. source. Two coils are provided for each phase and these are so distributed that two coils of the same phase have different radii, are mounted on two diametrically opposite teeth and are coupled in such manner that their generated magnetic fluxes are additive. The coils are mounted in recesses formed between adjacent teeth and the coils of different phases partially overlap within the same recess.

Abstract: A method and device for the manufacture of metal bands, particularly of an amorphous metal alloy is provided. The liquid alloy is deposited on a cooling body having a rapidly moving surface, upon which solidification into a metal band occurs. Concurrent with the cooling body surface movement, the cooling body and the melt stream are moved relative to one another at right angles to the direction of the melt stream. This additional movement allows utilization of the entire cooling body surface and not merely that in the plane of the melt stream.

Abstract: A metal stream is protected from atmospheric contamination during casting by shrouding it with an inert gas from a gas source at the pour nozzle. The gas is supplied to a low turbulence zone at the nozzle which has a width at least one third of the length of the poured metal stream. The gas source may be an annulas surrounding the nozzle and having its inwardly and downwardly facing surfaces of perforated metal sheet and the outermost surfaces may be disposable in order to tolerate metal splashing. The need for a tube to enclose the protective gas is avoided.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a casting mold includes the steps of forming a casting mold body of a flowable binder-free backfilling material, stabilizing the casting mold body by negative pressure, and providing in the body a lost form of synthetic plastic material, particularly foamed synthetic plastic material.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and apparatus for obtaining an ingot wherein elastic oscillations are directed on metal being crystallized over a broad frequency range and at high intensity in the form of powerful pulses generated by a high-voltage spark discharge in liquid. One form of the apparatus of the invention comprises a discharge chamber filled with liquid in contact with a mould or with melt. The discharge chamber is provided with a system of electrodes connected to a pulse current generator. Upon feeding high-voltage current pulses to the electrodes, high pressure, impulse flows, cavitation and surge waves are built-up in the liquid resulting in the appearance of elastic oscillations acting on the molten metal.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided for planar flow casting of metal ribbon. The apparatus comprises a movable chill surface, a reservoir for holding molten metal and a slotted nozzle whose lips are located close to the chill surface. In operation, molten metal is forced through the nozzle onto the chill surface to form a melt puddle. Rapid cooling of the molten metal results in the formation of a continuous ribbon. The nozzles of this invention provide a planar bottom surface which includes the leading edge of the first lip and the side edges at the bottom of the lips and which is as close or closer to the chill surface than is any other point on the lips. The nozzle reduces air flow around the melt puddle and thereby improves ribbon uniformity.

Abstract: An apparatus comprises a cooled mould mounted on a bottom plate and at least two consumable electrodes positioned so that their melting ends are at different levels relative to the bottom plate. The electrodes are connected to respective terminals of the secondary winding of a single-phase transformer and the bottom plate is connected to one of these terminals, with the electrode having a melting end at a higher level, being connected to the same terminal as the bottom plate. The electrodes are melted by passing an operating current, first through the electrode with the melting end being at a lower level to the bottom plate and then by passing the operating current from one electrode to the other, respectively, forming a portion of the casting, having a smaller cross-section, and then a portion of the casting, having a larger cross-section.Thus the present invention is especially well suited for manufacturing workpieces for vital parts such as connecting rods, piston rods, valves for ship engines, etc.