Abstract: Certain aspects of the present disclosure provide techniques for using beam sets for mobility management. A BS serving the UE may transmit, to the UE, information regarding one or more beam sets, wherein each of the beam sets comprise one or more reference beams used to transmit a reference signal. The BS may transmit, to the UE, one or more mobility parameters, wherein the mobility parameters are associated with the reference beams and one or more mobility event triggers. The BS may receive, from the UE, an indication of a detected mobility event, the mobility event is detected based, at least in part, on the mobility parameters. The BS may take one or more actions based, at least in part, on the indication. A UE may perform corresponding steps as described herein.

Abstract: A method for operating a TSN-enabled network coupling element, in particular, a TSN bridge, which is designed to receive redundant data packets. The method includes ascertaining at least one number of expected, non-received data packets via the TSN-enabled network coupling element, and transmitting the ascertained number of expected, non-received data packets from the TSN-enabled network coupling element to a control instance.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure disclose a BUM traffic control method, a related apparatus, and a system. A traffic controller receives, through a tunnel, a BUM packet encapsulated by a network device in a target broadcast domain. The traffic controller collects, based on the received BUM packet, statistics about a BUM traffic value of a target object within a preset time period, and determines whether the BUM traffic value is greater than a preset BUM traffic threshold of the target object. If the BUM traffic value is greater than the preset BUM traffic threshold, the traffic controller controls BUM traffic of the target object, to reduce the BUM traffic of the target object. The foregoing solution can resolve a problem of BUM packet flooding caused by an increase in a quantity of hosts or an increase in a quantity of network devices in a communications network.

Abstract: Time stamp replication within wireless networks is described. In an embodiment, a wireless station receives an input time stamp and uses this input time stamp to generate an output time stamp. The wireless station transmits the output time stamp to wireless stations in one of a number of groups which make up the wireless network. The output time stamp is generated to compensate for delays between receiving the input time stamp and transmitting the output time stamp such that output time stamp which is transmitted at a time T corresponds to the value that the input time stamp would have had if it had been received at time T (and not at a time earlier than T). This may, therefore, reduce or eliminate independent time stamp errors and jitter caused by multiple disparate systems and processes.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a data processing method, a node, a structure, and an apparatus. The method includes: receiving, by an aggregation node, a first non-access stratum message sent by user equipment (UE), where the aggregation node includes at least two types of interfaces, and each type of interface is used to receive a first non-access stratum message of one radio access technology (RAT) type; converting, by the aggregation node, the first non-access stratum message into a non-access stratum message in a first format based on a RAT type of the first non-access stratum message, where the first format is a non-access stratum message transmission format supported between the aggregation node and a core-network control plane entity; and sending, by the aggregation node, the non-access stratum message in the first format to the core-network control plane entity. A sink design of the aggregation node saves sending and receiving resources of a core network and improves packet forwarding efficiency.

Abstract: A method for service function chaining in a network includes defining, for a flow of packets, a chain of selected network service functions (NSFs) to be traversed by the flow. Each of the selected NSFs is associated with a programmable switch. The method also includes generating a chain establishment packet (CEP) that contains network identifier information (NII) about the selected NSFs and that is configured as a regular network packet to be delivered to the destination node along a network path that includes the programmable switches to which the selected NSFs is associated. Each programmable switch, upon receipt of the CEP and based on the NII about the selected NSFs contained in the CEP, performs installation of packet forwarding rules for the flow together with network address and port translation operations, and selects, on behalf of the respective NSF, socket parameters for use by the NSF for processing the flow.

Abstract: A method and network device for embedded area abstraction. Specifically, the method and network device described herein implement the abstraction of one or more subareas of an area within a network implementing a link state protocol. Abstraction of a given subarea of a given area within a network may provide for routing using network devices in the given subarea without requiring that the network devices, in the complement of the given subarea within the given area, maintain link state information respective to the entire network topology of the given subarea.

Abstract: Embodiments for performing a fast return to Wi-Fi following completion of a cellular voice call are provided. These embodiments include detecting that a device has switched from communicating over a Wi-Fi interface to communicating over a cellular interface; determining the earliest time that the device can switch back to Wi-Fi; and instituting the switch. In some embodiments, the process of performing a fast return to Wi-Fi is carried out by devices having small form factors, such as smartwatches and other wearables, which may be susceptible to coexistence and peak power problems. The fast return to Wi-Fi embodiments disclosed herein allow a device to perform a voice call over a cellular interface when Wi-Fi calling is not available, and switch over to a Wi-Fi interface immediately upon completion of the voice call in order to conserve battery life, achieve higher data speeds, and avoid high costs associated with cellular data transmissions.

Abstract: There is provided a main unit and a distributed antenna system including the same. The main unit for constituting a distributed antenna system that receives a base station signal from at least one base station, transmits the base station signal to at least one user terminal, and includes a plurality of main units, the main unit includes: a first receiver for receiving a first group of base station signals; a second receiver for receiving a second group of base station signals from another main unit; a signal combiner for combining the first and second groups of base station signals; and a delay compensator for compensating for time delay corresponding to a path between the main unit and the other main unit with respect to the first group of base station signals before combining the first and second groups of base station signals.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a pre-5th-Generation (5G) or 5G communication system to be provided for supporting higher data rates Beyond 4th-Generation (4G) communication system such as Long Term Evolution (LTE). An apparatus and an operation method of a base station in a wireless communication system are provided. The method may include performing data communication with a terminal that is in a first sub-state of a radio connection state, and controlling to change the state of the terminal from the first sub-state to a second sub-state of the radio connection state on the basis of whether data related to the terminal is generated during a transfer duration. Here, the first sub-state is a state in which resources for terminal context information related to the data communication are allocated in a first layer and a second layer, and the second sub-state is a state in which the resource is allocated in the first layer and is released in the second layer.

Abstract: A wireless mesh network has a coordinator that is configured to determine a topology of the network and define, based on the topology, a plurality of routes through the network. For each route, the coordinator is configured to assign a plurality of nodes to the route. Each of the nodes assigned to the route is configured to receive messages and wirelessly retransmit messages that include a route identifier that identifies the route. Since messages are forwarded through the network based on route identifiers, it is unnecessary for the nodes to maintain conventional routing tables and to broadcast route discovery messages in order to learn routes for populating the routing tables with route data, thereby reducing network traffic and congestion.

Abstract: A method in a proxy call session control function, P-CSCF, of handling an unauthenticated emergency call originating from a roaming user equipment that is not attached to the P-CSCF. The P-CSCF receives a session initiation protocol (SIP) REGISTER request from the UE, where the REGISTER request relating to the emergency registration. The P-CSCF determines an IP address of the UE. The P-CSCF sends an identity query to a policy and charging rules function (PCRF) indicating the IP address of the UE and requesting other identifiers of the UE. The P-CSCF receives one or more other identifiers of the UE from the PCRF. The P-CSCF obtains a TEL and/or SIP uniform resource identifier (URI) for the UE on the basis of at least one of the one or more other identifiers. The P-CSCF sends a 200 OK response to the UE in response to the SIP REGISTER request, where the 200 OK response includes the TEL and/or SIP URI.

Abstract: Systems, apparatuses, and method are described for wireless communications. A base station may transmit, and a wireless device may receive, one or more messages that may comprise configuration parameters of semi persistent (SP) channel state information (CSI) reporting and an SP CSI skip indicator indicating that skipping SP CSI report transmission is allowed. The wireless device may skip transmitting an SP CSI report based on the CSI skip indicator.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a method for determining a candidate cell, corresponding user equipment, and a corresponding base station. The method comprises: receiving system information of a cell, wherein the system information comprises at least a first network type cell state indication and a second network type cell state indication; and determining, according to a network type cell state indication in the received system information, whether to use the cell as a candidate cell for cell selection/reselection.

Abstract: Some embodiments establish for an entity a virtual network over several public clouds of several public cloud providers and/or in several regions. In some embodiments, the virtual network is an overlay network that spans across several public clouds to interconnect one or more private networks (e.g., networks within branches, divisions, departments of the entity or their associated datacenters), mobile users, and SaaS (Software as a Service) provider machines, and other web applications of the entity. The virtual network in some embodiments can be configured to optimize the routing of the entity's data messages to their destinations for best end-to-end performance, reliability and security, while trying to minimize the routing of this traffic through the Internet. Also, the virtual network in some embodiments can be configured to optimize the layer 4 processing of the data message flows passing through the network.

Abstract: A variety of methods, systems, devices and arrangements are implemented for assessing and/or controlling call routing for Internet-based (e.g., VoIP/VioIP) calls. According to one such method, endpoint devices are used to monitor and/or assess the call-quality. The assessment is sent to a centralized server arrangement and call-routing is controlled therefrom. Endpoint devices employ a decentralized testing mechanism to further monitor and assess call quality including the use of test connections. Aspects of call quality are analyzed and attributed to endpoint devices and/or local connections or networks to distinguish intermediate routing issues from local/endpoint issues.

Abstract: A Service Coverage Manager (SCM) may receive or retrieve a report of a service node's coverage and generate a global picture of the service coverage for a service. The SCM may dynamically adjust the service node coverage to accommodate client service requests and provide new service coverage to appropriate clients. The SCM may reduce a service node's service coverage to reduce overlap with another node or reduce wasted resources, or may expand a service node's coverage to cover additional clients.

Abstract: Some embodiments establish for an entity a virtual network over several public clouds of several public cloud providers and/or in several regions. In some embodiments, the virtual network is an overlay network that spans across several public clouds to interconnect one or more private networks (e.g., networks within branches, divisions, departments of the entity or their associated datacenters), mobile users, and SaaS (Software as a Service) provider machines, and other web applications of the entity. The virtual network in some embodiments can be configured to optimize the routing of the entity's data messages to their destinations for best end-to-end performance, reliability and security, while trying to minimize the routing of this traffic through the Internet. Also, the virtual network in some embodiments can be configured to optimize the layer 4 processing of the data message flows passing through the network.

Abstract: A node includes: a communication circuit; a processor operatively connected to the communication circuit; and a memory operatively connected to the processor and storing a target application and an access control application, wherein the memory stores instructions that when executed by the processor, cause the node to: detect a network access event of the target application to a destination network through the access control application, identify whether a tunnel corresponding to identification information of the target application and the destination network and authorized by an external server exists, transmit a data packet of the target application through the authorized tunnel using the communication circuit, when the authorized tunnel exists, and drop the data packet of the target application, when the authorized tunnel does not exist.

Abstract: Systems and methods of site traffic control are disclosed. In some example embodiments, a request for an online service to perform an operation is received from a user on a client device, and at least one overload condition for the online service is detected, or otherwise determined, with the overload condition(s) corresponding to a request time of the request. A standard of restriction is selected from a plurality of standards of restriction based on the overload condition(s), and the selected standard of restriction is used as a basis for either denying or permitting the user access to the operation of the online service.