Abstract: Portions (40 and 44) of a structure, such as a flat-panel device, are sealed together by a gap-jumping technique in which a sealing area (40S) of one portion is positioned near a matching sealing area (44S) of another portion such that a gap (48) at least partially separates the two sealing areas. The gap typically has an average height of 25 .mu.m or more. With the two portions of the structure so positioned, energy is initially transferred locally to material of a specified one of the portions along part of the gap while the two portions are in a non-vacuum environment to cause material of the two portions to bridge that part of the gap and partially seal the two portions together along the sealing areas.

Abstract: The electrode of tungsten material has a cylindrical shaft and a conical tip, in which the conical tip is made essentially by radial deformation, such as hammering or cross-rolling, of the tip portion (9) of the electrode blank (5). This changes the grain structure to be converging. A flat top or plateau (10) can be ground at the very end of the tip.

Abstract: A method of insulating a cathode ray tube and enabling an electrical insulator to be produced without material loss and enabling improvement of the bonding strength between a stem and a stem base, which comprises a base through which pin through holes are formed and has provided projecting from the front surface thereof a tip holder, in a state with the stem pins inserted through the pin through holes and the tip held in the tip holder, said method comprising the steps of molding an electrical insulator composition comprising an uncured self-adhesive silicone rubber into a predetermined sheet shape by using a transfer mold to obtain an electrical insulator, arranging the electrical insulator in a state extending from the positions of the pin through holes on the back of the base of the stem base to the tip holder and adhering it to the back of the base, folding the portion of the electrical insulator extending to the tip holder to the inside surface of the tip holder, and attaching the stem base to the stem.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a color cathode ray tube capable of surely applying a predetermined tension force to a shadow mask and preventing the generation of wrinkles and a manufacturing apparatus of the color cathode ray tube. The method includes applying a compression force to a mask frame formed in a frame shape in the direction in which a gap between at least a pair of facing sides is reduced; and welding and fixing a shadow mask to the upper surface of the mask frame with a tension force applied in the direction opposite to the compression force. In this method, a place to which the compression force is applied is the upper end of the external surface of the mask frame. Thus, a repulsion force in the direction in which a shadow mask is stretched can surely be obtained after the compression force is released, as compared with the case where the same level of compression force is applied to the lower end. Consequently, it is possible to prevent the deterioration of the tension force of the shadow mask.

Abstract: In an electroluminescent lamp in which a transparent electrode, a light-emitting film, a reflective insulation layer, a reverse side electrode, and an outside insulation film are laminated onto the inside surface of a transparent film, a reduced-pressure process such as sputtering, electron beam deposition, or CVD is used to form a transparent auxiliary electrode thin film on the outside (light-emitting surface side) of the transparent film, this transparent auxiliary electrode thin film being grounded.

Abstract: The alloyzation reaction of steel and zinc is performed with only heat in calcinating, baking, sealing and exhausting of gas of a frame of a machine part for a color picture tube to form .tau. and .delta. phases and form a film of alloy. The film of alloy plays a role of the oxidized film to be capable of omitting the oxidizing process, and to prevent the corrosion and the oxidation to start before a thermal treatment, by the zinc layer.

Abstract: A method of fabrication of organic electroluminescent device having an organic electroluminescent layer between a first electrode and a second electrode, including the steps of forming a set of first electrode elements on a principal surface of a support to provide the first electrode, forming an insulation layer to overlie the first electrode elements as well as open regions between the first electrode elements so that the insulation layer defines a substantially smooth top surface, removing a surface portion of the insulation layer to a level sufficient to expose clean top surfaces of the first electrode elements so that the insulation layer and the first electrode have a common top surface, and sequentially forming the organic electroluminescent layer and the second electrode on the common top surface.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes microelectronic substrate assemblies, and methods for making and using such substrate assemblies in mechanical and chemical-mechanical planarizing processes. A microelectronic substrate assembly is fabricated in accordance with one aspect of the invention by forming a critical layer in a film stack on the substrate and manipulating the critical layer to have a low compression internal stress. The critical layer, more specifically, is a layer that is otherwise in a tensile state or a high compression state without being manipulated to control the internal stress in the critical layer to be in a low compression state. The stress in the critical layer can be manipulated by changing the chemistry, temperature or energy level of the process used to deposit or otherwise form the critical layer. The stress in the critical layer can also be manipulated using heat treatments and other processes.

Abstract: The invention relates to a quadrupole electrode arrangement comprising two shaped parts (10, 11). Each shaped part (10, 11) is produced from an insulating plate-shaped carrier (2) and a metal blank (1) fastened thereto. Each two of the four opposing electrode surfaces (4.1-4.4) are, for example, milled, turned and ground from the metal blank. Each shaped part (10, 11) also has a ground connection surface (6.1, 6.2) which defines the distance of the quadrupole electrode pairs precisely when the two structural parts are joined.

Abstract: A mercury dispensing support strip capable of dispensing mercury and sorbing reactive gases. In one embodiment, the support strip of the invention includes at least one track of mercury releasing material deposited on one face of the support strip. At least one track of getter material is also deposited on the same face of the support strip. The tracks of mercury releasing and getter materials are deposited on the support strip such that the mechanical strains exerted by the materials on points of the support strip that are substantially symmetric with respect to a central axis of said first surface of said mercury dispensing support strip are substantially equivalent.

Abstract: A method for creating emitters of a field emission device is provided. First, a hardmask layer is deposited on a substrate used to form emitters. On the hardmask layer, a photoresist layer is deposited. Islands of photoresist are exposed by an exposing energy through holes in a mask layer. The mask layer is removed and the substrate soft-baked in an oven having an atmosphere of basic gas. Following the soft-bake, the substrate is flood exposed, and then developed using conventional means, leaving behind hardened islands of exposed and baked photoresist. The hardmask layer is etched using the hardened islands as an etching barrier, and the substrate etched with a chemical etchant using the etched hardmask layer as an etching barrier. The etching continues until the substrate material below the etched hardmask layer is formed into an array of points of substrate. Once these emitter sites are formed, a field emission display having uniform emitters can be created.

Abstract: A method for uniformly depositing of polymer particles onto the surface of a gate metal during the formation of a gate electrode. In one embodiment, the present invention comprises immersing a substrate having a layer of a gate metal disposed over the surface thereof in a fluid bath containing polymer particles. In this embodiment, the fluid bath is contained within a fluid bath tank. Additionally, in the present embodiment, the layer of the gate metal disposed over the substrate has a thickness approximately the same as a desired thickness of the gate electrode to be formed. Next, the present embodiment applies a uniform potential across the surface of the layer of gate metal such that the polymer particles are uniformly deposited onto the layer of the gate metal. In so doing, the present embodiment uniformly deposits the polymer particles onto the layer of the gate metal.

Abstract: A process of producing a spark plug having an improved consumption resistance is provided. The spark plug comprises a noble metal chip composed of an Iridium (Ir) alloy material and includes an insulator enclosing a center electrode and a ground electrode, which has a facing portion facing the tip of the center electrode. The chip may be disposed on the tip of the center electrode, the facing portion of the ground electrode or both. The Ir alloy material consists of Ir and a metal that has a higher oxidation resistance than Ir and forms a solid solution with Ir at all proportions to prevent oxidation evaporation of Ir. In order to prevent surface cracking, the chip is produced by elongating an ingot of the Ir alloy material through hot forging to form a bar having a fine fiber texture. Then, the chip is hot rolled, hot wire drawn and cut to the desired length.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a cathode ray tube employs an assembly of a frit jig and a flexible bolt for use during the aligning and sealing process of the glass cone and display screen components of a cathode ray tube. The flexibility provided by the bolt reduces the risk of damage to the glass parts of the cathode ray tube during the heat steps involved in the sealing process. Preferably, the bolt comprises a resilient metal pin that is flexible in a direction transverse to the longitudinal axis of the bolt. The bolt comprises a hollow part having a central bore with an opening and a head, the central bore extending substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the bolt, and the metal pin being comprised in the hollow bolt. The metal pin extends from the head through the bore over a length larger than that of the bore.

Abstract: A pump is used to reduce the pressure in a field emission display package. The package is then filled with a gas or gas mixture, such as nitrogen and hydrogen. The package is then pumped again, to reduce the pressure in the package to the desired pressure and to obtain the desired partial pressure of the gas. Optionally, the process is then repeated, with a gas or gas mixture again inserted into the package and then the pressure reduced with a pump. After pumping, the package may be heated to cause outgassing and to activate a getter. The pumping is performed with a mechanical pump, an ion pump, or a combination of the two types of pumps.

Abstract: An anti-doming composition including a mixture of electron reflecting material such as bismuth oxide, and a zeolite, and a shadow-mask coated with the composition restrict temperature increase by preventing heat transfer, an anti-doming composition including lead and a ZnO, B.sub.2 O.sub.3, Bi.sub.2 O.sub.3 or a mixture thereof, and a shadow-mask coated with the composition protect mechanical expansion of a shadow-mask, and an anti-doming composition including ferroelectrics such as PZT, PT, PZ or PLZT, and a shadow-mask coated with the composition restrict temperature increase by changing the energy of electron beams into non-thermal energy. The shadow-mask of the present invention reduces about 30 to 50% of the anti-doming ratio and has a low production cost and easiness during processes.

Abstract: Disclosed are a cathode-ray tube dividing apparatus and a cathode-ray tube dividing method intended to simply and stably divide a cathode-ray tube in a shortened time. The dividing apparatus includes a positioning means for fixedly positioning the used cathode-ray tube at a specific location, and a cathode-ray tube heating means which is brought into contact with a specific portion on side surfaces of the cathode-ray tube for linearly heating the specific portions. The cathode-ray tube heating means includes linear heating members for imparting thermal strain to the side surfaces of the cathode-ray tube upon receiving a power, thereby dividing the cathode-ray tube into the panel portion and the funnel portion, and a power supply for supplying a heating power to the linear heating members.

Abstract: The invention comprises methods of forming field emission devices. In but one implementation, a method of forming a field emission device includes forming an electron emission substrate comprising emitters and an electrically conductive extraction grid formed outwardly of the emitters. The extraction grid is supported and spaced from the emitters by an insulative mass. An electrically conductive layer is substantially selectively deposited over the grid and emitters relative to the insulative mass. After the depositing, the electron emission substrate is joined with an electron collector substrate. In one implementation, a method of forming a field emission device includes depositing an electrically conductive layer over the grid and emitters, with the depositing forming the electrically conductive layer over at least some exposed surfaces of the insulative mass.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for connecting electrodes of a plasma display panel. The method includes overlapping a thick film electrode formed on a glass substrate with an electrode of a flexible substrate via an adhesive sheet having conductive particles dispersed therein, then, heating and pressuring from above the flexible substrate with a pressuring tool, to thereby set the adhesive sheet, and finally electrically connecting the electrode of the glass substrate and the electrode of the flexible substrate with each other.

Abstract: Liquid crystal displays are manufactured by securing overlying first and second substrates with an intermediate sealant together such that they form a cell cavity with an injection opening. In one embodiment, a plurality of over-sized spacers are disposed intermediate the first and second substrates in the cell cavity. The first and second substrates are structurally secured by heat compressing the layers together with a pressure in the range of about 0.4-0.55 kg/cm.sup.2. A quantity of liquid crystal material is injected into the cell cavity through the injection opening to expand the substrate layers to a non-planar configuration. A second sealant is applied proximate to the injection opening and a second compressing step is used to facilitate the proper positioning of the second sealant into injection opening. The second compressing step employs a pressure about 0.1-1.0 kg/cm.sup.2 greater than the pressure in the first compressing step.