Abstract: An economizer system for preheating feed or return water in a high pressure steam or hot water smoke-tube boiler having a smoke-heated convection-effecting portion. The smoke tubes at the end of the smoke tube convection-effecting portion are surrounded by a jacket with staggered baffle plates penetrated by the smoke tubes so as to form a wavy or serpentine flow channel for the feed or return water in forced counterflow to the flue gas. The jacket may be encircled by a second jacket forming a chamber which may be filled with insulating material or form a preheater in the water supply system to the flow channel of the economizer.

Abstract: A bubble rake for removing the remaining steam from liquid water that is returning to heat-exchange surfaces after an initial separation from steam. The bubble rake is a channel-forming member having a cross section generally in the shape of an upside-down U. The bubble rake is disposed in a fluid-flow path so that the channel opens down and in the direction of the path. A stall zone formed by a rake traps steam in the channel, and the channel is positioned longitudinally at an angle with the horizontal so that the trapped steam migrates to its high end, where an opening allows the trapped steam to join the steam previously separated from the water.

Abstract: A smoke control device for use in motor vehicle incineration. Smoke from burning vehicles in an incineration area is directed into a collecting chamber by controlled air flows and flaps. Updrafts evacuate the chamber and force the smoke into a combustion stack. The column of smoke in the stack is raised to combustion temperature by heaters mounted on the stack. The superheated smoke is combined with heated air in the vicinity of an open flame causing combustion resulting in a clear stack discharge.

Abstract: An elongate combustion chamber is inclined at a 50.degree. to 80.degree. angle to the vertical, is connected at the lower end face to a feed duct through which fuel is pushed into the chamber and is open at the upper end face. The side walls forming the lower part of the chamber are downwardly converging and the free edges are spaced from each other at a distance decreasing in the direction of the open upper end face from the lower end face to form a primary air opening from a primary air channel therebeneath, the tapered opening covered by corresponding downwardly converging solid side walls connected at an apex and spaced from the other walls to form an air passage therebetween from the primary air channel to the combustion chamber.

Abstract: Method of and means for heat generation by producing vapor i.e., steam, by subjecting liquid to friction of a magnitude to vaporize the liquid in a substantially vertical passage into one end of which the liquid is delivered under pressure and from the opposite end of which the steam is received from the passage for use. Vaporization may be effected as part of a one-way system or of a recirculation system.

Abstract: A process heater which is fired by an ash containing fuel, generally coal, has a housing which includes a front radiant section and a rear convection section. The radiant section is provided with vertically extending process tubes against the walls thereof, arranged in a single row, and horizontal process tubes arranged in a single row across the roof. The horizontal and vertical tubes contain longitudinal fins over the length thereof, with adjacent fins being in contact with each other to provide a fin tube wall which prevents a build-up of ash behind the tubes. The bottom of the radiant section is downwardly and inwardly sloped and terminates in an ash collecting hopper. The process tubes extend along the downwardly and inwardly sloped portion to provide cooling which prevents ash melting whereby ash enters the hopper in solid form for removal. The vertical and horizontal process tubes are interconnected to provide for at least two passes of process fluid through the radiant section.

Abstract: Waste such as combustible trash and prime garbage is mixed with rubber tires and shredded together to produce a compacted and combustible output product which can be used as a fuel or be incinerated for further compacting.The process involves interengaging rotary feeder-cutter wheels mounted on counterrotating shafts to pull materials through a feed path while shredding with the aid of shredder blades interspersed between the wheels. Feeding, mixing and conveying techniques through one or more shredder stages provide for attainment of high speed feed rates and handling of some degree solid debris such as steel belts in tires.

Abstract: A pipe assembly-heat exchanger-steam drum unit, which comprises a pipe assembly heat exchanger for a heat exchange between media of relatively high pressure differentials and a steam drum with a liquid chamber and a steam chamber while the medium passing through the pipes of the pipe assembly-heat exchanger has a high entering temperature, and a pipe bottom located on the inflow side of the hot medium is thin. In the pipe assembly heat exchanger there is furthermore provided a device for relieving the thin pipe bottom. In the pipe assembly-heat exchanger there is also provided a device which is so designed that the cold medium entering the pipe assembly-heat exchanger is conveyed to the thin pipe bottom. The pipes of the pipe assembly-heat exchanger are as an assembly of pipes transversely and centrally passed through the steam drum while the pipe assembly-heat exchanger and the steam drum form a unit with each other.

Abstract: A heating boiler with a combustion chamber between a front wall, a rear wall and a convection part in each one of the side walls, a flue system composed of parallel flues of substantially circular cross-section arranged vertically in different cross-section planes through the boiler with at least two flues in each side wall in one and the same cross sectional plane, forming upwards or downwards passages for flue gases.

Abstract: A furnace comprising a fire tube and a final combustion chamber located axially downstream thereof is provided with a restricted passage between the fire tube and the final combustion chamber. The passage is located in a partition wall defining the inward end of the fire tube, and a number of grooves, being open towards the fire tube and directed tangentially with respect to an imaginary circle, inscribed within said passage, are formed in the sloping surface of said wall.

Abstract: A vapor generating system in which a vapor generating section and a superheating section are connected in a series flow relationship with a fluid separating section extending between the vapor generating section and the superheating section. The vapor generating section includes an upright furnace section formed by a plurality of tubes, a portion of which extend at an angle with respect to the horizontal plane for passing fluid through the length of the furnace section to convert a portion of the fluid to vapor or to heat the fluid.

Abstract: A closed-loop, steam generating and distributing system with uniform fluid temperature and pressure everywhere and devoid of any steam-trap or like phase separator, comprising a boiler, a receiver collecting condensates through gravity feed, a pump drawing condensates from said receiver and forcing them back into said boiler, a water make-up tank connected through a feed pipe-line and a feed pump to the bottom of said receiver, and a condensate bleed duct leading from the discharge side of the condensate pump to the top of said receiver through a restriction.

Abstract: A combustion apparatus having primary and secondary combustion chambers burns waste wood with an optional third chamber. The third chamber is used to blend the combustion products down to the desired process temperature. High pressure swirl air is admitted tangentially to the primary chamber above a burning fuel pile. The swirl air reacts with a small proportion of the pyrolized gases to maintain a steady temperature at the exit from the primary chamber. The swirl air also centrifugally separates particulate matter from the gas stream leaving the primary chamber. The total quantity of underfire and swirl air is closely controlled to maintain substoichiometric conditions in the primary chamber. Secondary air complete combustion of the pyrolized volatiles in the secondary chamber. The secondary air is admitted tangentially to establish a rotating mass of relatively cool combustion air adjacent to the walls of the secondary combustion chamber.

Abstract: A modular, heat recovery system is provided for use with furnaces, boilers, and the like where otherwise waste exhaust heat is utilized to heat water for home or apartment use. This system includes a plurality of modular pipe loop sections interconnected with one another and mounted in proximity to the stack of the furnace. Each section includes several courses of longitudinally extending U-shaped loops supported on a common perpendicular pipe section at one end and which forms part of a supply line for other sections. Each section is provided with unions and valves by means of which an entire section maybe disconnected for repairs from the other sections without interruption of the operation of the other sections. A drip pan is provided at the lower end of the system to prevent water leaks from dripping onto the furnace.

Abstract: An incinerator for burning waste including a hollow body having an opened upper end and an opened lower end, a bottom plate closing the lower end, a central opening provided in the bottom plate for introducing pressurized oxidizing gas into the hollow body, a plurality of circumferentially disposed openings provided in the bottom plate for introducing pressurized oxidizing gas into the hollow body, an oxidizing gas feeding means for supplying gas to the central opening and the circumferentially disposed openings, heat transfer medium particles provided in the hollow body and fluidized by the oxidizing gas introduced into the hollow body and a means for feeding waste into the hollow body.

Abstract: A fluidized bed boiler is equipped with a plurality of slidable sleeves circumscribing the vapor generator tubes disposed therein. By selectively extending or retracting the sleeves over the tubes, the heat transfer characteristics of the tubes exposed to the heat generated within the boiler may be altered. As a consequence, steam output quantity and quality may be easily modulated. In addition, by virtue of the design, tube cleaning may be accomplished with each adjustment pass.

Abstract: A system and method for improving the reaction efficiency of a fluidized bed combustor or reactor in which a combustion supporting gas is passed upwardly through a bed of particulate material to fluidize same and to entrain the relatively fine particulate material in the bed. The entrained material is separated from the gas and is agglomerated externally of the housing before being passed back into the fluidized bed.

Abstract: A double-ring ceramic ferrule member insertable into a fire tube of a sulfur plant boiler or cooler, the invention comprises an article of manufacture capable of reducing damage caused by high temperature gas flow through a fire tube, thereby to protect the fire tube and the tube sheet through which the fire tube extends. The present ferrule member provides improved anchoring capability and increased resistance to fire tube erosion.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for treating waste material in a counter-flow furnace wherein the material is introduced at one end thereof and the processed material is discharged from the other end, while air is simultaneously introduced thereto and the gases of combustion are caused to flow in counter-current direction with respect to the material being processed and are exhausted at the first end of the furnace, and wherein the furnace has a natural tendency to form zones of processing including sequentially from the first end of the furnace, a drying zone, a charring and volatile burning zone, a fixed carbon burning zone and an ash cooling zone, the method comprising the steps of bleeding secondary exhaust gases from the middle of the furnace substantially between the fixed carbon burning zone and the charring and volatile burning zone, and adding air to the furnace in the charring and volatile burning zone.

Abstract: An individual cell of a fluidized bed includes a static bed disposed immediately below the fluidization region. The static bed contains heavy ores or other suitable dense material that can be heated to a temperature above the ignition temperature of the fuel used in the fluid bed. Should the fluidized-bed temperature fall below the ignition temperature of the fuel, the lower thermal conductivity of the static bed permits it to maintain the ignition temperature and to ignite the fuel until the fluidized bed has been rekindled.