Abstract: An apparatus and method for determining the reliability of an electronic component by performing measurements which enable the ageing behavior of a parameter of that component to be predicted over time. The parameter measurements are made in-situ within the oven or environment used to control the temperature at which the measurements are made. The oven is controlled so that its temperature is kept stable, thereby permitting very high resolution measurements to be made over a relatively short time span. The temperature stability of the oven ensures that the changes of the electromagnetic parameter to be measured as a result of temperature fluctuations are negligible relative to the changes as a result of the ageing phenomena which occur in the component over time. The high resolution measurements are then used to model the parameter value as a function of time based on a deterministic model of how that parameter of the component varies over the lifetime of the component.

Abstract: A waveguide assembly adapted for use with a time domain reflectrometry device for use in measuring the moisture content in soils and other mediums. A waveguide assembly comprised of a plurality of waveguide conductors (probes) for insertion into the soil are connected to a coaxial cable. An electronic stepped pulse travels through the coaxial cable and, due to an impedance mismatch where the coaxial cable and the waveguide assembly are joined, a downgoing beginning reference wave or reflection is produced. The beginning reference wave provides a starting point for measuring the accumulated time delay as the electronic pulse continues to travel through the waveguide assembly. An ending reflection wave is created as the electronic pulse reaches the end of the waveguide assembly and transmits into the surrounding soil.

Abstract: The purpose of a through calibration is to correct errors in transmission coefficients in both the forward and reverse directions between two measurement ports of a circuit network measurement device having many ports. If there are N measurement ports, error corrections of the transmission coefficients are necessary for all combinations of two measurement ports selected from N ports. The calibration method of this invention is one in which the calibration measurements are performed with n combinations, rather than all combinations, and calibration values for all combinations are obtained by calculation. The n combinations and their measurements may be performed by any combination that satisfies the following conditions: (A) there are triangular combinations of connected ports; (B) all of the other combinations of ports are linked with the triangular combination; and (C) in one combination among the triangular combinations, a measurement of the transmission coefficient in only one direction is sufficient.

Abstract: A circuit network measuring apparatus applies a measurement signal from a signal source to a device under test and measures circuit parameters of the device under test from the measurement signal and an output signal of the device under test. The apparatus includes a function which adds a frequency follow-up algorithm to a computer control portion to vary the output frequency of the signal source, thereby performing control such that the measured value will substantially equal a given value.

Abstract: A computer-based method and apparatus for fastener hole inspection including a capacitive probe with a plurality of sensor elements, means for grounding the faster hole, and an electronics unit electrically connected to the probe for sequencially charging one of the plurality of sensor elements while applying a guard potential to the remaining sensor elements and adjacent electrical components to eliminate residual capactitances. A profile of the fastener hole is generated by evaluating, through a series resistor, the discharge waveforms of the plurality of sensor elements by converting the capacitance measurements obtained to distance measurements. A centering algorithm is employed to compensate for malalignment of the capacitive probe in the fastener hole.

Abstract: A battery monitor for monitoring the voltage and temperature of the batteries associated with a battery pack of an electric vehicle. The battery monitor includes an opto-isolator that electrically separates an isolated portion of the battery monitor connected to the batteries from a non-isolated portion of the battery monitor that transmits battery voltage and temperature signals to a vehicle controller of the electric vehicle. The battery monitor is positioned proximate to a battery tub holding the batteries of the electric vehicle so that high voltage wires connected to the batteries within the battery tub are limited in length for safety purposes. Further, a limited number of wires transmitting the battery voltage and battery temperature signals from the battery monitor to the vehicle controller are required.

Abstract: An apparatus for sensing two parameters of a hydraulic system having a hydraulic line includes a pair of electrodes contained within the line and oppositely spaced, forming a capacitor. The apparatus alternately produces first and second charging currents having first and second constant magnitudes, respectively, and charges the capacitor to respective first and second predetermined voltages. The apparatus detects the time needed to charge to the first and second predetermined voltages and produces a pulse width modulated signal having a series of alternating first and second pulses. The first and second pulses are indicative of the first and second parameters, respectively. The first pulse is defined by the time required to charge the capacitor to the first predetermined voltage. The second pulse is defined by the time required to charge the capacitor to the second predetermined voltage. The apparatus determines the two parameters as a function of the pulse width modulated signal.

Abstract: Mixed-signal tester architecture and methods are provided which minimize transfer of data, offer parallel data post-processing within the analog channels, and allow flexible synchronization. Multiple analog channels each have a source digital signal processor (DSP), a digital source sequencer, digital source instrumentation, analog source instrumentation, analog measure instrumentation, digital measure instrumentation, a digital pin multiplexer, a digital measure sequencer, DSP-addressable multi-bank capture memory, a capture digital signal processor, and an inter-DSP feedback path for communication between the source DSP and the capture DSP. Each analog channel can be arranged in a feedback loop through either its analog and/or digital instrumentation using the inter-DSP feedback path. DUT response is processed in the channel, the result is used to define parameters for a subsequent test cycle, and a signal corresponding to these parameters is generated and applied to the DUT.

Abstract: The wireless test fixture (50) for high frequency testing incorporates a printed wiring board (52) which directly interconnects the connector (55) into which a module (66) to be tested is inserted and the circuitry from a test machine (10) to minimize path lengths, minimize coupling between conductors, eliminate random coupling between wires and bundles, and eliminate most wiring.

Abstract: A digital phase detector composed of: a digitally controllable signal delay device having a signal input, a signal output and a control input, the delay device being operative for conducting a signal from the signal input to the signal output with a time delay having a duration determined by a control signal supplied to the control input, the signal input being connected to receive either an input signal or a digital local clock signal; a phase relation detector connected to receive a first input signal from the signal output of the signal delay device and a second input signal constituted by the one of the input signal and the digital local clock signal which is not received by the signal input of the signal delay device, for periodically comparing the phases of the first and second input signals and for producing a binary output signal composed of a succession of signal segments, each segment having a first value when the first input signal is leading the second input signal in phase and a second value when

Abstract: The invention relates to an electronic electricity meter (1) having an optical interface (5, 6), which is used to test the load curve of the meter. To this end, after a test message is received from a testing unit (7, 8, 9), the microcomputer (2) of the meter (1) applies load meter pulses to the optical interface (5, 6).

Abstract: Apparatus for measuring concentration of solid particles in a fluid stream that includes a probe for disposition in the fluid stream to provide an electrical probe signal as a triboelectric function of concentration of solid particles in the fluid stream. A first circuit is coupled to the probe for providing a first electrical signal as a proportional function of the probe signal. A second circuit is coupled to the probe for providing a second electrical signal as a function of rate of change of the probe signal. Differential amplifiers received the first and second signals, and provide a third signal as a function of a difference therebetween. An apparatus output signal is provided when such difference exceeds a preselected threshold.

Abstract: A test socket and a method for identifying a known good die using the test socket. The test socket includes a substrate having penetrating apertures, and land patterns formed around the penetrating apertures. The substrate has contact terminals at one side which are connected to the outside, and a protective casing is installed on the upper part of the substrate. After the semiconductor chips are mounted in the test socket by a piece of adhesive tape, to cover the penetrating apertures of the substrate, the bonding pads of the semiconductor chips and the land patterns of the substrate are connected to each other by wires. The test socket is then installed on a burn-in test board to carry out a burn-in test. The wires of the bare chips, which have been subjected to the burn-in test are cut by a cutting device, and a lower portion of each semiconductor chip corresponding to a known good die, is hit by an ejection pin through the penetrating apertures of the substrate to separate and obtain the known good dies.

Abstract: A flow rate of a fluid flowing in a tube is quantitatively determined by altering the electrical conductivity of the fluid by injection of a bolus of saline. The electrical conductivity of the altered conductivity is measured over the time it takes the altered conductivity fluid to pass a conductivity measuring location. The measured conductivity is integrated over the time it take to pass the conductivity measuring location. The integral is interpreted to determine the flow rate.

Abstract: A system (36, 98) for determining the linearity of an RF detector (46, 106). A first technique involves combining two RF signals from two stable local oscillators (38, 40) to form a modulated RF signal having a beat frequency, and applying the modulated RF signal to a detector (46) being tested. The output of the detector (46) is applied to a low frequency spectrum analyzer (48) such that a relationship between the power levels of the first and second harmonics generated by the detector (46) of the beat frequency of the modulated RF signal are measured by the spectrum analyzer (48) to determine the linearity of the detector (46). In a second technique, an RF signal from a local oscillator (100) is applied to a detector (106) being tested through a first attenuator (102) and a second attenuator (104).

Abstract: Methods are provided for determining a solids to liquids ratio in a flowing petroleum stream having an immiscible solids, oil and water flow. Microwave energy in the 10-12 Gigahertz bond is directed through the petroleum stream and attenuated transmitted and reflected microwave energy are detected. The detected microwave energy is compared to an empirically derived map of attenuated amplitude vs. phase for a set of reference petroleum streams having known solid, oil and water contents to derive a solids to liquids ratio for the unknown stream.

Abstract: A handheld vector network analyzer (VNA) providing a wide bandwidth test signal F.sub.O utilizing a narrowband test signal synthesizer which provides the test signal through a frequency divider or harmonic generator. With a 550-1100 MHz narrowband test signal synthesizer, a test signal F.sub.O can range from 25 MHz to 3.3 GHz. To make a tracking synthesizer operate more independent of the test signal synthesizer, a LO signal is produced using the tracking synthesizer with its phase detector input connected through a frequency divider to the output of the test signal synthesizer. Synchronous detectors are further included which provide incident and reflected IF signals to take advantage of the maximum range of an A/D converter. To better enable operation in the presence of external signals, feedback is provided from the synchronous detectors to sweep the frequency of a reference oscillator.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for electrically interconnecting various electronic elements, including circuit components, assemblies, and subassemblies. A particle enhanced material metal contact layer, having a surface, formed on the electronic elements, includes particles of greater hardness disposed on and/or within the metal contact layer, which particles form protuberances that concentrate stress when said contact surface is brought into contact with an opposing surface under pressure, to thereby penetrate the opposing surface and form a metal matrix between the two surfaces.

Abstract: A method of detecting a partial discharge signals occurring at an insulator, using a Frequency Spectrum Analyzer (FSA) with a monitor screen.

Abstract: A sensor can detect the difference in potential between itself and the fluid into which it is immersed, a signal generated by the probe representing this difference in potential. This signal is used to activate an oscillator circuit. By varying the conditions at which current in the oscillator circuit begins to oscillate, various liquids can be detected and identified.