Abstract: A high-quality image is formed by using light emission element arrays of plural lines. The plural light emission element arrays are arranged substantially in parallel, an area of a light emission part of each array being different from others, respective light emission elements in the light emission element arrays are caused to selectively perform light emission according to gradation data, and the respective light emission element arrays overlappingly perform exposure on a relatively moved photosensitive body.

Abstract: A loading arrangement for a photographic copier especially for APS film including film cartridges is disclosed wherein the films are partially removed from the cartridge for processing and after processing again rewound into the cartridge, including means for the positioning of a cartridge in a working position, motor-driven unwind means for the partial removal of the film from the cartridge which is present in the windup condition in the cartridge and for the transfer thereof to film transport means provided in the copier apparatus, and motor-driven windup means for the rewinding of the film into the cartridge.

Abstract: A printer control pictorial tool consists of an eye portion having a neutral gray, portraits arranged around the eye portion, and a gray background. The eye portion and the portraits are located within a photometric range that is equal to or less than a range covered by a photometry device of a photo-printer. The gray background has the same average gray density as the eye portion has. An area having a complementary color to a flesh color of the portraits is provided within the photometric range. The size, color and density of the portraits and the complementary color area are determined such that photometric values obtained from the photometric range are approximately equal to those obtained from the eye portion.

Abstract: There is provided an image recording apparatus comprising a pull-out roller pair to pull a light-sensitive material out of a light-sensitive material magazine accommodating a light-room-loading-type light-sensitive material having an extreme end leader portion at its leading end, a cutter to cut the pulled out light-sensitive material, a sensor to detect the extreme end leader portion or the light-sensitive material, and a control computer to control the pull-out roller pair and the cutter in accordance with a detecting signal from the sensor. The extreme end leader portion and the light-sensitive material are transported in accordance with detecting signal and then the extreme end leader portion is automatically cut along a boundary with the light-sensitive material. Thus, the wastes of the light-sensitive material is prevented.

Abstract: A scanning exposure apparatus includes a projection optical system, a reticle stage for scanningly moving a reticle relative to the projection optical system a wafer stage for scanningly moving a wafer relative to the projection optical system, in a timed relation with the reticle scan movement, and a holding mechanism for holding the reticle on the reticle stage during the reticle scan movement. The holding mechanism includes a first mechanism for confining an end edge portion of the reticle in a scan direction and a second mechanism for pressing the reticle in a direction perpendicular to a pattern surface of the reticle.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for printing a feature having a reduced critical dimension on a photoresist-coated semiconductor wafer are disclosed. The method comprises the steps of positioning the wafer relative to the reticle at a first shifted position, exposing a first region of the wafer to radiant energy through a pattern transfer tool to define a first side of the feature, positioning the wafer relative to the pattern transfer tool at a second shifted position, and exposing a second region of the wafer to radiant energy through the pattern transfer tool to define a second side of the feature.

Abstract: The position or the inclination of a substrate surface is detected at a high accuracy and a high speed, and corrected. When moving the substrate in a direction substantially at right angles to an optical axis of a projection optical system and feeding an area on the substrate into an image space of the projection optical system, at least one of the position and inclination in the optical axis direction of the substrate is detected, to bring that area into focus with the focal plane of the projection optical system. One of a first mode of conducting the measurement during travel of the substrate and a second mode of performing the measurement in a state in which that area has substantially been positioned in the image space is selected.

Abstract: Plural linear marks extending along a scanning direction are spaced apart from each other at constant intervals and parallel to each other at a boundary of partial exposure ranges. When the marks are repeatedly formed by two light beams while a position of the mark formed by one of the two light beams is moved in the scanning direction, a density within a predetermined region corresponding to the boundary is changed so as to become lighter as the intervals between the marks are increased. When plural linear marks, which extend along the scanning direction and are spaced apart from each other at constant intervals and parallel to each other at a boundary portion of partial exposure ranges, are formed by two light beams while a position of the mark formed by one of the light beams is moved in a direction perpendicular to the scanning direction, a density within a predetermined region is changed so as to become lighter as an amount of offset is reduced.

Abstract: A rear projection screen (1) comprising a lenticular structure (5) and a Fresnel structure (4). The Fresnel structure (4) has riser edges (9) and Fresnel facets (7). The Fresnel facets (7) are divided into two parts. The first part (11) encloses an angle .psi. with the plane of the projection screen. The second part (13) is substantially parallel to the plane of the screen. The Fresnel structure (4) and the lenticular structure (5) are fixed to each other at the second parts of the Fresnel structure.

Abstract: In a three-lens configuration, the first lens is formed into a biconvex lens, the third lens is formed into a positive meniscus lens having a concave surface directed onto the object side, and the refractive index distribution of the refractive index distribution type second lens is defined by a predetermined conditional expression, whereby various kinds of aberration are made favorable even when used for reading out images at a magnification near 1:1, while achieving wider angle of view, higher performances, and compactness. An imaging lens for copying to be used at a magnification near 1:1 comprises the first lens L.sub.1 having a biconvex form, the second lens L.sub.2 having a biconcave form with a refractive index distribution along the optical axis direction, and the third lens L.sub.3 made of a positive meniscus lens having a concave surface directed onto the object side, whereas a stop i is disposed between the second lens L.sub.2 and the third lens L.sub.3. The refractive index of the second lens L.

Abstract: In a projection display apparatus, an air inlet is formed below an optical modulation device and a color synthesizing system, and a suction fan is placed across the optical modulation device and the color synthesizing system. Thereby the optical modulation device and the color synthesizing system are uniformly cooled by air on the suction side of the suction fan. A structure fixing the optical modulation device and the color synthesizing system is provided with a suction opening cooling the optical modulation device and the color synthesizing system, and this suction opening is covered with a dustproof filter, thereby achieving dust protection.

Abstract: In a polarized light illumination apparatus, randomly polarized lights emitted from first and second light sources are respectively separated by a polarized light separating optical element into two different types of polarized light thereby producing three types of polarized light which are polarized in directions perpendicular to one another. The polarized lights are partially returned to the light sources and their polarization directions are rotated. Secondary light source images are formed at locations shifted in an x direction whereby polarization is aligned in the same single direction. Thus, even though a plurality of light sources are used, the polarized light illumination apparatus can emit illumination light using both polarized components without causing an increase in the illumination angle. Furthermore, a projector capable of projecting an image with a very high brightness can be realized.

Abstract: Apparatus for embedding information in a digital image digitized from a developed photographic film in response to a film property and information to be embedded into the digital image includes a scanner for scanning the image on the developed photographic film to produce the digital image. The apparatus stores the film property and has input circuitry for storing information associated with the image and to be embedded in the digital image. The apparatus responds to the stored the film property and the associated information for modifying a predetermined number of pixel values with the associated information in the digital image so that the associated information is embedded in the digital image, wherein the embedded information can subsequently be extracted.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus is provided with a developer for developing a latent image on a photoreceptor drum into a visible image and a transfer drum having a position detector, for holding a supplied transfer material at a predetermined position and conveying the transfer material, and a transfer voltage source for supplying a transfer voltage to a conductive base of the transfer drum and output values of the transfer voltage source vary in stages when toners of a plurality of colors are transferred. In the image forming apparatus, when printing is continuously performed on a plurality of transfer materials, the timing where output values of the transfer voltage source are returned to the initial value is synchronized with the timing where the rear end of a transfer material having a maximum length capable of being printed is separated from the photoreceptor drum. As a result, the transfer material attracted by the transfer drum can be surely prevented from being jammed.

Abstract: A method (400) of determining a custom illumination scheme for a projection-type photolithography system (500) is disclosed. The custom illumination scheme provides compensation for imaging system aberrations within the photolithography system (500) and thereby reduces critical dimension non-uniformities of features produced by the photolithography system (500) across a substrate (120). The method (400) includes the steps of performing a lithography simulation (404) for one or more nominal features using imaging system aberration data which characterizes the photolithography system (500) and an initial illumination scheme. The lithography simulation includes one or more simulated features which differ from the one or more nominal features due to the imaging system aberration data.

Abstract: A pressure developing unit moving along a surface of a cycolor medium to perform pressure development has a first rotating member that faces a platen and is capable of performing pressure development of a recording sheet, and a second rotating member that is capable of transmitting a load applied to the first rotating member to a carriage shaft. If the pressure developing unit is moved along the carriage shaft, the first and second rotating members move by revolving along the recording sheet and the carriage shaft respectively in a direction in which the pressure developing unit moves, so that there is no possibility of sliding friction being caused. The pressure developing unit can be moved along the carriage shaft causing only rolling friction. Thus, it is possible to reduce the size of a motor for moving the pressure developing unit and to realize thereby a recorder that is compact in size and low in power consumption.

Abstract: A document scanning unit is disposed so that a scanning direction of a document on a table glass by a lamp unit is equal to a longitudinal direction of a photoreceptor drum provided in a mechanism unit. A face-down tray is mounted above the document scanning unit, and a face-up tray is positioned on a side of the apparatus opposite to the face-down tray with respect to the mechanism unit. The discharge-opening switching section switches the discharge openings so that a recording sheet is discharged to the face-down tray in a printer mode, or to the face-up tray in a copy mode. This structure enables a reduction in the size of an image forming apparatus by decreasing the width of the apparatus without increasing the height thereof. Moreover, with this structure, it is possible to perform the discharge of sheets according to operation modes, namely the printer mode and the copy mode.

Abstract: An image projection system is provided for generating an energy efficient output representative of a desired input image. The image projection system includes a light source positioning device for directing the light from a light source onto a spatial light modulator. An image source provides the desired image to the spatial light modulator and also image information to a light source position controller for coordinating the light source positioning device, such that the light from the light source impinges substantially only the area of the spatial light modulator which contains the desired image. In particular, the controller actuates the light source positioning device by using a predefined scan that corresponds to the desired image. The spatial light modulator modulates the light with the desired input image and generates an output representative of the desired image.

Abstract: In a method and apparatus wherein components and/or markings applied to substrates are illuminated with illumination devices and imaged via a camera, adequate contrast between useful and unwanted structures is achieved even in the case of highly disparate optical properties of different materials for the substrates, components and markings by the use of an illumination device composed of a number of illumination units that respectively emit light in spectral ranges different from one another and which are thereby separately varied in intensity. This illumination with variable spectral distribution assures an adequate contrast even given the employment of different materials for the illuminated items.

Abstract: A voltage indicator using a serial or sequential comparison voltage measurement technique. Reference voltages generated by a voltage divider are applied to inputs of a multiplexer which is driven by a counter to select one reference voltage at a time in sequence to be presented via an output terminal to one input of a voltage comparator. An input signal to be measured is applied the other input of the comparator. When the input signal matches or exceeds the reference voltage at the output terminal of the multiplexer, the comparator switches, providing an enable signal to a one-of-N decoder. The one-of-N decoder is also driven by the counter, so that outputs of the decoder and corresponding inputs of the multiplexer are addressed simultaneously. The outputs of the one-of-N decoder are connected to LEDs which indicate the voltage level or magnitude.