Abstract: In some aspects, the present invention cell-penetrating compstatin analog and compositions comprising cell-penetrating compstatin analog. In some aspects, the invention further provides methods of using cell-penetrating compstatin analogs treat a complement-mediated disorder, e.g., to inhibit complement-mediated damage to a cell, tissue, or organ, to inhibit production or release of biologically active C3 cleavage products.

Abstract: The present invention includes the complete genome sequence for the methanogen, Methanobrevibacter ruminan-tium, including polynucleotides which encode M. ruminantium polypeptides or peptides, as well as polynucleotides from non-coding regions. Also included are the encoded M. ruminantium polypeptides and peptides, and antibodies directed to these peptides or polypeptides, in addition to expression vectors and host cells for producing these peptides, polypeptides, polynucleotides, and antibodies. The invention further includes methods and compositions for detecting, targeting, and inhibiting microbial cells, especially methanogen cells such as M. ruminantium cells, using one or more of the disclosed peptides, polypeptides, polynucleotides, antibodies, expression vectors, and host cells.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a peptide comprising at least five amino acid residues, wherein at least one amino acid residue is modified to an epsilon-lysine, delta-ornithine, gamma-2,4-diaminobutyric acid, beta-2,3-diaminopropionic acid, with the peptide also comprising at least one non-epsilon lysine, non-delta-ornithine, non-gamma-2,4-diaminobutyric acid or non-beta-2,3-diaminopropionic acid, and wherein the peptide displays a reduced or no cytotoxicity when compared to an equivalent non-modified peptide. In a preferred embodiment, the modifications are to the melittin or mastoparan B peptides, and comprise the substitution of at least one a-lysine residue for an ?-lysine residue, and the modified peptides display antimicrobial activity.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for inhibiting and/or interfering with interactions between (1) programmed Death-1 protein (also known as CD279) and (2) programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and/or programmed death-ligand 2 (PD-L2) are disclosed. In addition, methods and compositions for increasing IL-2 levels in a cell, and methods and compositions for preventing, treating, or ameliorating the effects of cancer in a subject, are disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to solid compositions comprising a GLP-1 agonist and a salt of N-(8-(2-hydroxybenzoyl)amino)caprylic acid and their use in medicine.

Abstract: Both purinergic signaling through nucleotides such as ATP and noradrenergic signaling through molecules such as norepinephrine regulate vascular tone and blood pressure. Pannexin1 (Panx1), which forms large-pore, ATP-releasing channels, is present in vascular smooth muscle cells in peripheral blood vessels and participates in noradrenergic responses. Using pharmacological approaches and mice conditionally lacking Panx1 in smooth muscle cells, we found that Panx1 contributed to vasoconstriction mediated by the ?1 adrenoreceptor (?1AR), whereas vasoconstriction in response to serotonin or endothelin-1 was independent of Panx1. Analysis of the Panx1-deficient mice showed that Panx1 contributed to blood pressure regulation especially during the night cycle when sympathetic nervous activity is highest. Using mimetic peptides and site-directed mutagenesis, we identified a specific amino acid sequence in the Panx1 intracellular loop that is essential for activation by ?1AR signaling.

Abstract: Methods of treating or preventing microbial infection in a subject in need of treatment by administering a therapeutically effective amount of ergothioneine, or functional analog, or prodrug, or salt thereof. Ergothioneine may be advantageously administered in conjunction with lactoferrin.

Abstract: This invention is in the field of medicinal pharmacology. In particular, the invention relates to protease activated receptor type 2 (PAR2) modulating compounds (e.g., mimetic peptides), compositions comprising such modulating compounds, and their use as therapeutics for the treatment of conditions involving PAR2 activity.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the medical use of specific GLP-1/glucagon receptor agonists in the prevention and/or treatment of metabolic liver disease, particularly non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), more particularly non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and/or NAFLD-associated liver fibrosis.

Abstract: Provided is at least one peptide of formula (I) and its use, where formula (I) is as follows: X-(Xaa1)n-Pro*-(Xaa2)m-Y (I). In formula (I), n=0 and m=1. At the N terminal end of the peptide, X is selected from H, —CO—R1 and —SO2—R1. At the C terminal end of the peptide, Y is selected from OH, OR1, NH2, NHR1 or NR1R2, R1 and R2 being independently selected from an alkyle, aryle, aralkyle, alkylaryl, alkoxy and aryloxy group, that can be linear, branched, cyclic, poly-cyclic, non-saturated, hydroxylated, carbonylated, phosphorylated and/or sulphured, with the possibility to have in said group skeleton a O, S and/or N heteroatom. Pro* corresponds to a Proline, an analogue or derivative thereof.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are surfactant peptide nanostructures wherein the peptides have repeating hydrophobic amino acids in an integer equal to or less than four. The peptide nanostructures are useful for therapeutic applications, including for delivery of drugs and siRNA.

Abstract: Compositions are provided herein comprising a coacervate of a polycationic polymer, a polyanionic polymer, and platelet-rich plasma and/or serum, or a fraction or concentrate thereof. The composition is useful in wound healing. Compositions also are provided that comprise a hydrogel comprising TIMP-3; and a complex of a polycationic polymer, a polyanionic polymer, FGF-2 and SDF-1? embedded in the hydrogel, which is useful in treating a myocardial infarction.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for treating a metabolic disease include administering gaboxadol or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof to a patient diagnosed with a metabolic disease. In embodiments, administering gaboxadol or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof to a patient diagnosed with a metabolic disease is effective to lower one or more of HbA1c level, fasting plasma glucose level, 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) result level, and random plasma glucose level. Gaboxadol or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof may optionally be administered in combination with a hypoglycemic agent.

Abstract: The invention, in some aspects, relates to dummy-fluorescent (DF) polypeptide molecules and their encoding nucleic acid molecules and use of such molecules in fusion proteins and their encoding nucleic acid molecules. Compositions of the invention may be delivered to cells and subjects and used in methods to modulate electrical activity of cells in which they are expressed, and for treatment of diseases and conditions in subjects.

Abstract: The disclosure provides methods of reducing MMP-9 expression and/or MMP-9 activity in a mammalian subject. The disclosure also provides methods of increasing TIMP-1 expression and/or TIMP-1 activity in a mammalian subject. The methods comprise administering a therapeutically effective amount of an aromatic-cationic peptide to a subject in need thereof.

Abstract: A glucagon derivative, a long-acting conjugate of the glucagon derivative, and a use thereof are disclosed.

Abstract: The present application provides for the use of S100A8 or S100A9 homodimer or S100A8/A9 heterodimer in the prevention or treatment of a NF-?B-associated postnatal inflammatory disorder in a newborn subject. Moreover, the present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising S100A8 or S100A9 homodimer or S100A8/A9 heterodimer and an in vitro method for evaluating the risk of a newborn subject for developing a NF-?B-associated postnatal inflammatory disorder.

Abstract: Provided are cyclic peptide analogs, conjugates comprising such compounds, and pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds and conjugates, and methods of treating cancer with such compounds and conjugates.

Abstract: The embodiments include methods of treating (preventing or reducing the incidence of) multifocal cancer by administering to a unifocal cancer focus a composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a therapeutically effective amount of pharmaceutically active ingredient capable of inducing necrosis of the unifocal cancer tumor, wherein administration reduces multifocal cancer incidence, multifocal cancer grade, and multifocal cancer progression (worsening) in the entire organ or organism.

Abstract: Compositions comprising bis(tryptophan) derivatives are provided that act as antimicrobials. Also provided are methods for reversing antibiotic resistance in a bacterium, or recovering or enhancing antimicrobial activity of an antibiotic against a variety of microbes, by co-administration with a bis(tryptophan) derivative.