Abstract: The spectral energy characteristic of a discharge lamp is controlled by changing the density of the fill substance. The spectral characteristic can be shifted while substantially maintaining its shape by changing the density of the fill. A sulfur or selenium containing discharge lamp which is operated at a pressure of at least about 1 atmosphere contains a low ionization potential substance in the fill. Characteristics which are improved are one or more of spatial color uniformity, extinguishing characteristics, and bulb starting reliability. Particular substances which are added to the fill are alkalai metal containing substances, III B metal containing substances, and alkaline earth metal containing substances. When light is reflected back into the bulb, the light which is re-emitted is stronger in the higher wavelengths.

Abstract: A lampholder for shrouded low-wattage metal halide lamps which include a contact button on an extension of the lamp base to distinguish them from unshrouded lamps. A hub with walls and top is placed about the entrance to an additional cavity in the lampholder body. A socket contact is arranged to only make contact with the contact button at the end of an extension which is able to enter the cavity and not make contact with a contact button not on an extension which is prevented from entering the cavity.

Abstract: A display device comprising a cathode ray tube is provided with a holder which comprises a faceplate and which is arranged in front of the display window. The space between the faceplate and the display window is filled with a liquid or a gel. An improved image display, in particular an improved contrast and a flatter image are obtained.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for searching through a parse tree of a source code of a computer program use a new type of parse tree including all computational as well as non-computational entries. The new type of parse tree in combination with a new query language and query language processor provide for fast and easy search through a parse tree for the occurrences of one or more selected terms in the new type of parse tree, and for easy generation of new source code differing from the original source code by modifications specified in the query language statements.The principles of the new method for searching is also applicable on other types of structured data, such as simulation programs and multi-level computer-aided-engineering documents.

Abstract: A color cathode ray tube includes a vacuum envelope including a panel portion, a neck portion accommodating an electron gun, and a funnel portion connecting the panel portion and the neck portion, and aperture electrodes having apertures for passing center and side electron beams, respectively, located in a main lens electrode including two opposing cylindrical electrodes having racetrack-shaped sections. At least one of the apertures is not circular. The apertures of at least one aperture electrode for the center electron beam and for the side electron beams are displaced with respect to each other to provide a step in the direction in which the electron beams pass.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a transmission type flat cathode ray tube in which a flat glass tube envelope (15) is formed of a triple structure having a screen panel (11), a back panel (12) and a funnel portion (14) having a neck portion (13). A carbon film (24) to which an anode voltage is applied is formed on the inner surface of the back panel 12 in an opposing relation to a phosphor screen (19) of the screen panel (11). Thus, the occurrence of a pseudo signal in the transmission type flat cathode ray tube can be avoided.

Abstract: Disclosed is a phosphor suitable for use in a cathode-ray tube, a fluorescent lamp, a radiation intensifying screen, which comprises transparent spherical particles having an average particle size of 0.5 to 20 .mu.m and a ratio of the major diameter to the minor diameter of individual particles in the range of 1.0 to 1.5, and ultrafine particles having a diameter of 0.2 .mu.m or less in an amount of 5 wt % or less.

Abstract: A rigidified quartz-halogen light bulb and method for forming an improved vibration-resistant, high temperature light bulb is provided in which the terminals of the high temperature light bulb and lead wires attached to the terminals at attachment sites are coated with thermal-setting epoxy. The thermal-setting epoxy is covered with individual heat-shrinkable sleeves. High temperature, thermal-setting epoxy is fillingly adhered between the individual shrink-fit sleeves and is partially adhered to the base of the light bulb. An exterior shrink-fit tubing is applied, encasing all of the terminals, lead wires, attachment sites, epoxy coatings, individual sleeves and interposed fill epoxy. The entire composite is cured in position to provide the rigidifying structure in combination with the light bulb.

Abstract: Applicants have discovered methods for making, treating and using diamonds which substantially enhance their capability for low voltage emission. Specifically, applicants have discovered that defect-rich diamonds--diamonds grown or treated to increase the concentration of defects--have enhanced properties of low voltage emission. Defect-rich diamonds are characterized in Raman spectroscopy by a diamond peak at 1332 cm.sup.-1 broadened by a full width at half maximum .DELTA.K in the range 5-15 cm.sup.-1 (and preferably 7-11 cm.sup.-1). Such defect-rich diamonds can emit electron current densities of 0.1 mA/mm.sup.2 or more at a low applied field of 25 V/.mu.m or less. Particularly advantageous structures use such diamonds in an array of islands or particles each less than 10 .mu.m in diameter at fields of 15 V/.mu.m or less.

Abstract: To increase the resistance of a tubular compact fluorescent lamp against akage, particularly at the cross-connecting portion (4) of a U-bent discharge vessel having two leg portions (2, 3), the cross-connecting portion is shaped to have generally parabolic cross section, in which the cross-sectional area of the parabola is about the same as the cross-sectional area of the generally circular leg portions of the U-shaped discharge vessel (1). This provides for better distribution of the glass material of which the discharge tube is made, and hence greater resistance to breakage. The parabolic cross section is terminated at the inner side of the U-bend by an essentially flat, or slightly curved base surface (16), merging with rounded corners (16a) with the parabolic side surfaces. Preferably, the relationship of the radius of curvature (R.sub.P) at the apex of the parabola to the radius of curvature (R.sub.

Abstract: A multinode, multicast communications network has a distributed control for the creation, administration and operational mode selection operative in each of the nodes of the network. Each node is provided with a Set Manager for controlling either creation of, administration or access to a set of users to whom a multicast is to be directed. The Set Manager maintains a record of the local membership of all users associated with the node in which the Set Manager resides. A given Set Manager for each designated set of users is assigned the task of being the Set Leader to maintain membership information about the entire set of users in the multicast group. One of the Set Managers in the communications network is designated to be the Registrar which maintains a list of all the Set Leaders in the network. The Registrar insures that there is one and only one Set Leader for each set of users, answers inquiries about the membership of the sets and directs inquiries to appropriate Set Leaders if necessary.

Abstract: A spacer structure for use in a flat panel display, and a corresponding flat panel display article are disclosed, together with an appertaining method of fabricating the spacer structure utilizing a photosensitive precursor material which is selectively irradiated, developed and etchingly processed to produce shaped standoff elements for a unitary spacer structure. The spacer structure may be dimensionally fabricated to precisely align with a selected pixel region, comprising a single pixel or an array of pixels, e.g., a color (red, blue, green) triad.

Abstract: A photomultiplier is constituted by a photocathode and an electron multiplier having a typical structure in which a dynode unit having a plurality of dynode plates stacked in an incident direction of photoelectrons, an anode plate, and an inverting dynode plate are sequentially stacked. Through holes for injecting a metal vapor are formed in the inverting dynode plate to form secondary electron emitting layers on the surfaces of dynodes supported by the dynode plates, and the photocathode. With this structure, the secondary electron emitting layers are uniformly formed on the surfaces of the dynodes. Therefore, variations in output signals obtained from anodes can be reduced regardless of the positions of the photocathode.

Abstract: A spark plug for internal combustion engines ensures the formation of two spark paths. These two spark paths are a pure air spark which jumps over from electrode to electrode, and a creepage spark which emerges from the central electrode, creeps along the insulator and then jumps over at the point at the smallest distance between the insulator and the earth electrode. The spark plug includes a cylindrical metal tube which forms a housing and in which the central electrode is arranged, surrounded centrally by an insulator. The earth electrodes mounted on the metal tube are partially bent so that an obtuse bending angle of the bent-over part with respect to the part of the earth electrode which extends in the direction of the rotationally symmetrical longitudinal axis is produced.

Abstract: A spark plug has a base with a bottom end portion adapted to be received and retained by a cylinder head of an internal combustion engine. An insulator retains a central electrode within the base with a combustion chamber end of the electrode extending into a combustion chamber of the engine when the plug is installed in the cylinder head. The central electrode combustion chamber end includes a combustion chamber end face with a hole having the physical characteristics of an acoustically tuned pipe with an open and a closed end formed in its surface. A ground electrode is attached to the base and defines a spark gap between its inner surface and the central electrode face. The ground electrode has a hole passing through it which has the physical characteristics of an acoustically tuned pipe with two open ends.

Abstract: A xenon electronic flash tube has a transparent glass tube body. Xe gas is enclosed in the tube body. An anode is projected inside the tube body. A cathode, inside the tube body, is projected toward the anode, and includes base metal material and a Cs compound having a characteristic of emitting electrons, such as Cs.sub.2 Ta.sub.2 O.sub.6.

Abstract: A high-pressure sodium discharge lamp provided with a ceramic discharge vessel, in which sodium, mercury and xenon are present, of which the xenon is at a pressure at 300K of at least 26.7 kPa. The sodium and the mercury are present in a weight ratio Na/Hg which is at least 0.075 and at most 0.125. The lamp generates in the operating condition a spectrum, in which at a wavelength of 589.3 nm a self-absorption band is present, which is limited by spectral flanks each flank having a respective maximum. There is a wavelength difference .DELTA..lambda. of at least 3.5 nm and at most 6 nm between the maxima.

Abstract: A display device comprising electron-transport ducts having entrance apertures for electrons and means for generating electrons and injecting electrons into the transport ducts via the entrance apertures. Measures have been taken to improve the picture quality. For example, the location of the entrance aperture is not the same for each transport duct, but instead shows a variation. This enables an improved control of the electron flow in the transport ducts to be achieved; in particular crosstalk between the transport ducts can be reduced.

Abstract: Cathode including a solid body (4) which comprises metallic constituents (particularly W, Ni, Mg, Re, Mo, Pt) and oxidic constituents (such as particularly BaO, CaO, Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, Sc.sub.2 O.sub.3, SrO, ThO.sub.2, La.sub.2 O.sub.3).Also at low operating temperatures, high emission current densities and a long lifetime are achieved in that the structure of the constituents and the volume ratio v.sub.m of the metallic constituents relative to the overall volume of the solid body are chosen to be such that the resistivity .rho. has a value in the range of .rho..sub.0 .multidot.10.sup.-4 >.rho.>.rho..sub.m .multidot.10.sup.2, in which .rho..sub.0 and .rho..sub.m are the resistivities, defined at 20.degree. C., of the pure oxidic constituents and the pure metallic constituents, respectively.

Abstract: A cathode ray tube which is equipped with an electron gun having a construction capable of not only improving the focusing characteristics for the entire region of a screen and for the total current range of an electron beam without any supply of a dynamic focusing voltage to achieve a satisfactory resolution but also reducing the Moire phenomena in a low current range. Also disclosed is a method of correcting the deflection aberration of the cathode ray tube. A deflection aberration according to the deflection of the electron beam is corrected by establishing a fixed inhomogeneous electric field, which has its equipotential lines narrowed in interval the more for the longer distance from the axis of symmetry of an electric field.